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Multiprocessors and Multicomputer

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Bikash Bardhan
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101 views4 pages

Multiprocessors and Multicomputer

Uploaded by

Bikash Bardhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multiprocessors: A single computer system with two or more CPUs that share a

common memory and work concurrently on different tasks.

Multicomputer Systems: Multiple independent computers working together,


connected via a network. These systems don’t share memory but communicate via
messaging.

Multicomputer Multiprocessors
1. A computer made up of several 1. 1.A computer that has more than one CPU on its
computers. motherboard.
2. Distributed computing deals with 2. 2.Multiprocessing is the use of two or more
hardware and software systems central processing units (CPUs) within a single
containing more than one processing computer system.
element, multiple programs 3. 3.Speed depends on the all Processors speed
3. It can run faster 4. 4.Single Computer with multiple processors
4. A multi-computer is multiple computers,
5. 5.Used for true parallel processing.
each of which can have multiple 6. 6.Processors can share the memory.
processors. 7. 7.Called as shared memory multi processors
5. Used for true parallel processing. 8. 8.Cost is low
6. Processor can not share the memory.
7. Called as message passing multi
computers
8. Cost is more

Data Repsentation:

Types of Number Systems


Based on the base value and the number of allowed digits,
number systems are of many types. The four common types of
Number systems are:
 Decimal Number System
 Binary Number System
 Octal Number System
 Hexadecimal Number System

Decimal Number System


A number system with a base value of 10 is termed a
Decimal number system . It uses 10 digits i.e. 0-9 for the
creation of numbers. Here, each digit in the number is at a
specific place with a place value of a product of different powers
of 10. Here, the place value is termed from right to left as the
first place value called units, second to the left as Tens, so on
Hundreds, Thousands, etc. Here, units have a place value of 100,
tens have a place value of 101, hundreds as 102, thousands as
103, and so on.
For example, 12265 has place values as,
(1 × 104) + (2 × 103) + (2 × 102) + (6 × 101) + (5 × 100)
= (1 × 10000) + (2 × 1000) + (2 × 100) + (6 × 10) + (5 × 1)
= 10000 + 2000 + 200 + 60 + 5
= 12265

Binary Number System


A number System with a base value of 2 is termed a
Binary number system. It uses 2 digits i.e. 0 and 1 for the
creation of numbers. The numbers formed using these two digits
are termed Binary Numbers. The binary number system is very
useful in electronic devices and computer systems because it
can be easily performed using just two states ON and OFF i.e. 0
and 1.
Decimal Numbers 0-9 are represented in binary as 0, 1, 10, 11,
100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, and 1001
For example, 14 can be written as 1110, 19 can be written as
10011, and 50 can be written as 110010.
Example of 14 in the binary system

Here 14 can be written as 1110

Octal Number System


Octal Number System is one in which the base value is 8. It uses
8 digits i.e. 0-7 for the creation of Octal Numbers. Octal Numbers
can be converted to Decimal values by multiplying each digit
with the place value and then adding the result. Here the place
values are 80, 81, and 82. Octal Numbers are useful for the
representation of UTF8 Numbers. Example,
(81)10 can be written as (121) 8
(125)10 can be written as (175) 8

Hexadecimal Number System


A number System with a base value of 16 is known as
Hexadecimal Number System. It uses 16 digits for the creation of
its numbers. Digits from 0-9 are taken like the digits in the
decimal number system but the digits from 10-15 are
represented as A-F i.e. 10 is represented as A, 11 as B, 12 as C,
13 as D, 14 as E, and 15 as F. Hexadecimal Numbers are useful
for handling memory address locations. Examples,
(185)10 can be written as (B9) 16
(5440)10 can be written as (1540) 16
(4265)10 can be written as (10A9) 16
Hexadecimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

Decimal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

ASCII and Unicode:


ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange):

ASCII is a character encoding standard used for electronic communication.


It represents text using numeric codes (7-bit integers) and includes basic
characters like letters (both uppercase and lowercase), digits, and punctuation
marks.

Unicode:
Unicode is the universal character encoding used for processing, storing, and
exchanging text data in any language. Unlike ASCII, it supports a multitude of
characters from various scripts and languages.

Character Unicode

U+1F60A

U+1F44

1 U+0031

+ U+002B

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