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G7 Unit 2

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36 views3 pages

G7 Unit 2

Uploaded by

Kresh Mudhoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2: Computer operations and fundamentals Grade 7

Software is a set of instructions to perform a specific task.


Hardware is the physical parts of the computer system.

Examples of Hardware:

• Motherboard - a central circuit board that interconnects all components


• Processor (Central Processing Unit) - the brain of the computer and is responsible for all data processing. 2
• Internal Memory (RAM and ROM)- used to store computer data that can be directly accessed by the CPU..
• Power supply - Sends power to the motherboard and other components. 1
• Graphics Card - enables the computer to display images on the monitor.
• Fan - keeps the CPU cool and stops it from overheating.
• Sound Card allows to produce sound and connect microphones to the system.

Peripherals – external hardware H

Input Devices - used to enter data and instructions into the computer.
Ex: keyboard, mouse, barcode reader, scanner, joystick, touchpad, digital camera and
microphone.
Output Devices - used to give us information in a suitable form.

Ex: monitor, printer, speakers and headphones.

Storage Devices – used to store data for later use.

Ex: hard disks, optical discs, USB Flash drives (Pen drives) and memory cards. an

Software -programs which provide instructions that tell the hardware what to do and how
to do it.

Types of software:
1. system software manages and controls the computer and enables the application software
to run.
Examples of system software:
• Operating systems (OS)
Software that acts as an interface between the user and the computer system.
E.g. Microsoft Windows, Android, Linux and Mac OS X.
• Utility programs
Software designed to help analyse, configure, optimise and maintain the computer.
E.g. Anti-virus software, disk defragmenter and file manager.

Mr. K.MUDHOO – 57145790 Page 1 of 3


Unit 2: Computer operations and fundamentals Grade 7

2. Application software- programs designed to help the user perform specific tasks.

Examples of application software:


• Word processing software, e.g. Ms Word
To create documents such as letters, reports or assignments.
• Spreadsheet software, e.g. Ms Excel
To organise data in rows and columns, perform calculations and present data in the form of
charts and graphs.
• Graphics software, e.g. Ms Paint
To create and colour drawings.
• Presentation software, e.g. Ms Powerpoint
To display information in the form of a slide show.
• Web browser, e.g. Google Chrome
To access the Internet and view web pages.
• Computer games, e.g. Pac-Man
To play computer games.

Bits and Bytes

BIT – smallest unit of data in a computer

A bit can be either 0 or 1.

A BYTE is a group of 8 bits. ( Each character occupy 1 byte


Types of Computers
1. Microcomputer 2. Minicomputer
• Also known as Personal Computer (PC) • Medium sized and bigger than
• Easy to use microcomputers
• Small in size • Average cost
• Low cost • Average computing power
• Low computing power • Usually10-60 users at a time
• Only one user at a time • Used in small business companies, banks
• Used for personal applications in everyday or supermarkets
life
3. Mainframe Computer 4. Super Computer
• Large size and bigger than minicomputer • Largest and fastest
• High cost • Most expensive
• High computing power • Very high computing power
• Usually 100 users at a time • Used in very large sized organisations
•Used in large business organisations such such as weather forecasting and space
as insurance companies or universities exploration

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Unit 2: Computer operations and fundamentals Grade 7

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