West Visayas State University

Janiuay Campus
(Formerly Janiuay Polytechnic College, Don Tiburcio A. Lutero Nat’l Comp.
High School,Janiuay Nat’l Comp. High School, Janiuay National
Vocational High School, Janiuay High School)
Janiuay, Iloilo, Philippines
*Trunkline: (063) (033) 317-1894

REVIEW MATERIALS IN BASIC MATHEMATICS

Licensure Exam for Teachers Review
Bryan J. Maderse, LPT, M.A.Ed

1. Fractions
Meanings:
- part of a whole or group
- quotient of two numbers
- ratio

Kinds of Fractions
As to relation between the numerator and the denominator
Proper – the numerator is less than the denominator
Improper – the numerator is equal to or greater than the denominator
As to relation between the denominators of two or more fractions
Similar – the denominators are equal
Dissimilar – the denominators are not equal
Other classes
Equivalent – fractions having the same value
Mixed – composed of a whole number and a fraction

Operations on Fractions

1. Addition – add the numerators and copy the common denominator

2. Subtraction - subtract the numerators and copy the common denominator
3. Multiplication - multiply numerator by numerator, and denominator by denominator to get the
numerator and the denominator of the product.
4. Division – multiply the supposed dividend by the reciprocal of the supposed divisor.

Applications:
1. In budgeting their income, a young couple allows 1/6 for rent, 1/2 for food and the rest for
clothing? What fractional part do they provide for clothing?
2. A landowner who owns 25 ½ hectares of land sold 8 ¾ , 4 1/3 and 6 hectares of land during
the months of January, February and March respectively. How many hectares of land does
he own now?
3. A woman bought 6 ½ yard of dress material at P325.00 per yd. and 3 ¾ yd of ribbons at
P45.50 per yd. What was the total amount that she paid?
4. The dressmaker cuts 1 1/8 meters of ribbon, then another 2 2/7 meters and the last is 4 2/3.
Find the total number of meters of ribbon cut in the rim.
5. Subtract the product of 1 3/7 and 3 1/5 from 8 1/3. What is the difference?

2. Rounding a number of “significant digits”

Note: The first “significant” digit is the first non-zero digit.
ORIGINAL NUMBER LEVEL OF ROUNDING IN ROUNDED NUMBER
WORDS
23.5568 To 2 decimal places 23.56
0.00380573 To 2 decimal places 0.00
0.00380573 To 1 decimal places 0.0
0.00380573 To nearest thousandth 0.004
0.00380573 To 2 significant digits 0.0038
1.00380573 To 2 significant digits 1.0
0.00380573 To 3 significant digits 0.00381
0.00380573 To 4 significant digits 0.003806
1.00380573 To 4 significant digits 1.004
3. Scientific Notations
3.1 To write a number using scientific notation, write the number as product. One
factor of a number that is at least 1 but less than 10. The other factor is a power
of 10.
Method. (a). Move the decimal point to find a number that is at least 1 but less
than 10.
(b). Count the number of places of the decimal point that you moved.
This is the exponent for the power of 10.

From left to right = negative power.

Example: 0.000023 = 2.3 x 10-5
From right to left = positive power
Example: 23, 000 = 2.3 x 104

Note that 2.3 is at least 1 but less than 10, the decimal point to move is 7 places.
3.2 To write a number in STANDARD FORM, move the decimal places by the
power of 10.
Example: 6.82 x 104 = 68, 200

Exercises:
A. Write the following in scientific notation.
1. 50, 000 3. 0.00000456
2. 540, 000 4. 0.00012
B. Write the following in standard form.
1. 5.75 x 103 3. 1 x 105
2. 4.002 x 103 4. 7.68 x 104

4. Percentage:
Percent is defined as an expression which indicates the number of parts taken from a hundred.
Per is a Latin word meaning “for each” or “for every”, while cent means a hundred. The symbol used to
express percent is %.

5. Percentage, Base and Rate

Percentage (P)– usually after the word “is”.
Base(B) – after the word “of”
Rate (R)– denoted by “%” symbol
Examples:
1. 30 is what percent of 120?
a. 30% b. 25% c. 36% d. 20%
2. 15% of P150 is what percent of 30% of P3, 000?
a. 3% b. 5% c. 2.5% d. 4%
3. How much is 35% of 140?
a. 46 b. 54 c. 40 d. 49
4. In the class of 150 students, 100 are girls. What percent of the class are boys?
a. 30% b. 20% c. 33 1/3% d. 25%
5. What is 20% of 5/6?
a. 1/6 b. 10/6 c. 2/3 d. 5/12

Exercises:
1. 40 is 25% of what number?
a. 80 b. 120 c. 160 d. 180
2. If 20% of 30% of a number is 60, what is the number?
a. 640 b. 64 c. 6 d. 1000
3. 33 1/3% of what number is 40?
a. 40 b. 60 c. 120 d. 80
4. How long is the road if it is 37% completed and 40 kms of it still to be constructed?
a. 70 b. 65.2 c. 63.49 d. 60.5
5. The take home pay of a teacher is P8, 800 less 10% income tax return, 5% GSIS
and 5% loan. What is his salary?
a. 15, 800 b. 16, 889 c. 11, 000 d. 16, 426
6. 1/10 is what percent of 1/2 ?
a. 25% b. 50% c. 20% d. 30%
7. 35% of 40% of 80 is ________.
a. 12.5 b. 16 c. 25.4 d. 11.2
Applications of Percent
A. Discounts
Stores sometimes sell their goods at a reduced price. A certain percentage is deducted from the
original price. This is called a discount.

Example: A pair of shoes originally priced at Php 1, 800 in on sale at 20% off. What is the discount? The
selling price?
Solution:
(a) to solve for the discount, use this formula: (b) To find the selling price, subtract the discount
Discount = discount rate x original price from the original price.
D = 20% x 1, 800 Selling Price = original price – discount
D = .20 x 1, 800 = Php 360 SP = 1, 800 – 360 = 1, 440
The discount is Php 360 The selling price is Php 1, 440

B. Commissions
When someone sells or buys good for another, one usually receives a certain percent of sales or
purchases. The amount received is called the commission.

Example: A salesperson’s commission is 25%. What is the commission from the sale of Php10, 000 worth of
a television?
Solution: To solve for the commission, use the formula.
Commission = commission rate x sales
= 25% x 10, 000
= Php 2, 500
The commission is Php 2, 500

C. Simple Interest
When we put money into savings account at a bank, we expect to earn interest for letting the bank
use our money. Use this formula to find the interest.

I=PxrxT where I - for the interest

P – principal amount
r - rate
T – time
Example: Joy put Php 12, 000 into a savings account where the money earns 15% interest per year. How
much interest will the money earn into 6 months.
Solution:
I = Prt = 12, 000 x 15% x 6 mos.
= 12, 000 x .15 x 0.5 = 900
The interest for 6 months is Php 900.
Exercises:
1. At a sale which offers a 30% discount on all items, Ms. Dhema bought a blouse for Php 560.
What was the original price?
a. 800 b. 250 c. 240 d. 600
2. In a class of 40 students, 4 failed. What percent of the class passed?
a. 90% b. 85% c. 95% d. 80%
3. If 4/5 of the earth is water, what percent is not water?
a. 10% b. 5% c. 20% d. 25%
4. Ms. Abono receives a 25% commission on her sales. She received a commission of P1, 045 on her
sales from July. What was her total sales for the month of July?
a. P4, 080 b. P4, 800 c. P4, 180 d. P4, 008
5. Find the interest of a P3, 500 loan at the rate of 15% per annum?
a. P425 b. P335 c. P525 d. P250

6. Divisibility of Numbers
1. Zero when divided by any number except zero is equal to zero.
2. An integer is divisible by 2 if the last digit is either zero or an even number.
3. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digit is divisible by 3.
4. An integer is divisible by 5 if the last digit is 5 or 0.
5. Even numbers that are divisible by 3 are divisible by 6.
6. An integer is divisible by 8 if the number represented by its last 3 digits is divisible by 8.
7. An integer is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
8. A number is divisible by 10 if the last digit is 0.
Examples:
1. How many 3 digit numbers are divisible by 9?
a. 90 b. 98 c. 99 d. 100
2. The largest 2 digit number which leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 3 or 5 is _______?
a. 86 b. 91 c. 96 d. 101
3. Which of the given number is not divisible by 9?
a. 918 b. 333 c. 399 d. 3132
4 If n candies are shared among 4 children or among 6 children with a leftover of 3 candies. Find
n, if n >6.
a. 12 b. 10 c. 11 d. 15

7. Prime Number and Composite Number

Prime – any counting number greater than 1 that is divisible by 1 and itself.
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, etc.
Composite – more than 1 factor

Examples:
1. The sum of 5 consecutive integers is 35. How many of the 5 consecutive integers are prime
numbers?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
2. A pair of dice is rolled. How many prime numbers are possible from the product of the numbers
showing on the top of dice?
a. 6 b. 12 c. 15 d. 16
3. Which of the following sets has prime numbers only?
a. (7, 9, 11, 13) c. (11, 17, 69, 217)
b. (11, 13, 17, 19) d. (11, 15, 17, 21)
4. How many prime numbers can be found in numbers 1 -100?
a. 26 b. 27 c. 25 d. 28

8. Solving for One Unknown

A. To remove the coefficient of x, divide the whole equation by the indicated coefficient.
B. To remove a radical sign, the equation must be raised to the power equal to the reciprocal of the
given index.

Examples:
1. Find the area of a field if one-fifth of this field is 2 hectares.
2. Find the value of x, if 3x–1 = 2x

9. Least Common Multiple (LCM)

The least common multiple of two or more counting numbers is the smallest number that is a
multiple of each of the given numbers.
1. To find the LCM of numbers, check out the multiples of the larger number until you
find one that is also a multiple of the smaller number.
2. Another way of finding the LCM of number is to factorize N into its prime factors.
After taking each of the greatest number of time the prime factors occur in any number, find the
product of these prime factors.
3. To find the LCM of numbers using division of their prime factors only. First, set the number in a
horizontal line. Divide each of the numbers by a prime number common to some members but
bring the number not exactly divisible by the divisor. Continue dividing until not two numbers
have common divisors. The LCM is equal to the product of all the divisor and the remaining
quotients.

Examples:
1. Find the LCM of 18 and 24.
a. 36 b. 24 c. 72 d. 144
2. Find the LCM of 5, 6 and 8.
a. 40 b. 60 c. 24 d. 120
3. The least common multiple of 4, 5, 8 and 12 is?
a. 1 b. 40 c. 60 d. 120
Exercises:
1. Find the LCM of 12, 18 and 20.
a. 120 b. 60 c. 160 d. 180
2. The least common multiple (LCM) of 12, 24 and 36 is _________.
a. 72 b. 36 c. 48 d. 12
 3. What is smallest number that can be exactly divided by 18, 27 and 15?
a. 3 b. 135 c. 270 d. 900

10. Greatest Common Factor (GCF) or Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

Let a, b, c є R if c/a and c/b , then c is called a common divisor ( or common factor) of a and b.
1. The GCF or GCD of two or more counting numbers is the largest counting numbers that is a
factor of each of the given number.
2. This is the largest factor common to the given numbers that can divide evenly without a
remainder.
3. Multiply the prime factors paired in the given numbers.

Examples:
1. Find the GCD of 24 and 36.
a. 4 b. 2 c. 6 d. 12
2. Find the GCF of numbers 36, 6, 27 and 18.
a. 3 b. 1 c. 6 d. 4
3. The GCD of 12 and 18 is.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 6
Exercises:
1. Calculate the GCD of 88 and 64.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
2. What is the GCF of numbers 1 and 25.
a. 1 b. 25 c. 5 d. 26
3. The GCF of 24, 12 and 30 is.
a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 12

11. Ratio and Proportion

- comparison of two numbers a and b, where b ≠ 0, and expressed as “a is to b”, “a:b”, or “a/b”.

1. 2:3 = “2 is to 3”
= 2:3 = 2÷3 = 2/3
2. The ratio of 4 days to 2 weeks is 4:14 or 2:7
In ratio, we are comparing quantities of the same units.

Proportion – a statement expressing the equality of two ratios.

a:b = c:d is proportion if and only if ad = bc. That is the product of the extremes (a and d) is equal to
the product of the means (b and c).

1. Is 2:3 – 6:9 a proportion? YES because 2(9) = 3(6) = 18.

2. is 3:4 = 9:8 a proportion? NO because 3(8) ≠ 4 (9), that is 24 ≠ 36.
3. Find the value of x in 42 : x = 6 : 7

Examples:
1. If the ratio of a to b is ¾ and b is 36. Then a is equal to?
a. 24 b. 27 c. 30 d. 48
2. If x is the mean proportional of 4 and 16, then x could be _________?
a. 4 b. 24 c. 8 d. 64
3. In a group of 100 persons, the ratio of men to women is 2:3. How many are men?
a. 36 b. 72 c. 60 d. 40
4. If 15% of adults are smokers, what is the ratio of smokers to the non-smokers among adults?
a. 3 : 20 b. 3 : 17 c. 20 : 3 d. 3 : 25

Exercises:
1. Find x if it is a mean proportional of (x -2) and (x – 3).
a. 2 b. 6/5 c. 5/6 d. 3
2. In a group of 120 persons, the ratio of boys to girls is 5:7. How many are girls?
a. 60 b. 50 c. 80 d. 70
3. What is the ratio of 6 weeks to 1 month?
a. 3 : 4 b. 3 : 2 c. 2 : 3 d. 4 : 3
`
TYPES OF PROPORTION
1. Direct Proportion
A statement of equality between two ratios which are directly proportional
to each other.
 As one quantity increases, the other quantity increases.

2. Indirect Proportion
A statement of equality between two ratios which are inversely proportional to each other.
As one quantity increases, the other quantity decreases
3. Partitive Proportion
The process of dividing a quantity into parts proportional to the given numbers.
One quantity is being partitioned into different proportions.

Examples:
1. A city map has a scale of 1 cm = 7500 m. If two streets are 8 cm apart in this map, what is the
actual distance between them?
a. 60 km b. 80 km c. 30 km d. 50 km
2. If 5 carrots weigh as much as 3 potatoes, how many potatoes will weigh as much as 20 carrots?
a. 8 b. 12 c. 16 d. 20
3. Twenty clerks can finish the job in 6 days. Assuming the same rate of work for every clerk, how
many are needed to complete the same work in 4 working days?
a. 10 b. 25 c. 40 d. 30
4. A 14 inch pullet makes 240 rpm and drives a larger pulley making 210 rpm. What is the diameter
of the large pulley?
a. 18 b. 20 c. 16 d. 15
5. A man spends his day for work, recreation and sleep in the ratio of 4:3:5. How many hours was
spent for work?
a. 10 hrs b. 12 hrs c. 8 hrs d. 6 hrs

Exercises:
1. If a pole 18 ft casts a shadow of 20 ft long. How long is the shadow of a 27 ft pole at the same
time?
a. 10 b. 30 c. 36 d. 25
2. A man receives P96 fro 6 days. At the same rate how much will he receives in 10 days?
a. 120 b. 160 c. 180 d. 140
3. Thirty people are needed to consume the provision in 6 days. How many people are required to
consume the same provision in 5 days?
a. 28 b. 24 c. 36 d. 32
4. A piece of rope was cut into three so that the lengths of the three pieces are in the ratio of 3:4:9.
If the rope is 160 ft long, how long is the shortest rope?
a. 30 b. 40 c. 90 d. 60
5. A 20 inches pulley running at 180 rpm drives an 8 inches pulley. The revolution per minute of the
8 inches pulley is ________.
a. 450 rpm b. 150 rpm c. 72 rpm d. 90 rpm

12. Simple and Weighted Average

1. To get the simple average, we simply add the total quantity disordered by the number of items or
weights.

Formula: Average =
2. To solve for the weighted average, we get the rate of the “weighted quantity” or
weighted grades, weighted heights, etc. then divide by the number of items of weights.

Formula: Weighted Average =

Examples:
1. The average of 1, 9, 6, 5 and 2x id equal to x. Find the value of x?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 7 d. 6
2. In a certain group of children 5 are girls. The average weight of 5 boys is 49 kgs and the average
weight of 5 girls is 40 kgs. What is the average weight of 9 children?
a. 44 kgs b. 46.5 kgs c. 45 kgs d. 44.5 kgs.

Exercises:
1. To get an average of 87 in the following sets of values (85, 85, 90 and x) x should be?
a. 83 b. 84 c. 85 d. 88
2. What is the average height of the class consisting of 30 girls and 10 boys with an average height
of 5 ft. 4 inches and 5 ft. 8 inches respectively.
 a. 5 ft 6 in b. 5 ft 6.5 in c. 5 ft 5 in d. 5 ft 5.5 in
3. A student obtains 85, 75 and 88 as grades in his 3 exams. The first grade is a long exam and the
second is the mid-term and last is final exam. The weights are 1, 1.5 and 2 respectively. Find the
weighted grade.
a. 82 b. 83 c. 84 d. 85

13. Some type of Sequence

1. Alphabetical Sequence – observe the patterns how the next number changes and
the letter in English Alphabet. Apply the observed properties to the succeeding
numbers in the series.
3. In the Arithmetic Progression series – the numbers are decreased or increased by a common
difference.
4. In the cubic series, we cube each members found in the series.
5. In the geometric series, adjacent numbers have a common ratio.
The nth term in this geometric progression appears to be.
an = a1rn-1 where:
an = nth term r = common ratio
a1 = first term n = no. of terms

Examples:

1. In the following series _________ what comes next?

a. b. c. d.
2. Find the 20th term of the series 7, 11, 15,….
a. 81 b. 83 c. 85 d. 87
3. What is the geometric mean between 3 and 27?
a. 9 b. 81 c. 15 d. 16
4. Find the value of x in the following series of numbers 1, 8, 27, x, 125.
a. 35 b. 64 c. 81 d. 50
5. Which is the 10th term of the progression -8, 4, -2……?
a. 64 b. -1/64 c. 1/64 d. -1/32

Exercises:
1. What number is halfway between ½ and ¼?
a. 1/3 b. 1/8 c. 3/8 d. ¾
2. The first five numbers in the sequence are 5, 6, 8, 11 and 15. What is the 10 th number in the
sequence?
a. 41 b. 42 c. 49 d. 50
3. In the series -4, -3, 4, 17, 36,……What comes next?
a. 49 b. 52 c. 61 d. 53
4. The number that is missing in the sequence 3, 8, 15, 24, ______, 48, 63.
a. 35 b. 33 c. 37 d. 39
5. In the series 2, 5, 8,….. the 11th term is.
a. 29 b. 26 c. 30 d. 32

6. What is the 8th term of the progression , , , …….?

a. 8 b. 32 c. -16 d. 16

14. Fractional Equality and Inequality

Given fractions where a, b, c and d є R with b, d 0.

1. if ad = bc 2. if ad < bc 3. if ad > cd
4. To solve fractional equality cross multiply to obtain their equality and solve for unknown.
Examples:
1. Which of the following set of fractions are equal?

a. b. c. d.
 2. Which among the given fractions has the greatest value?

a. b. c. d.
3. Which among the given fractions has the least value?

a. b. c. d.

4. Find the value of n if .

a. 8 b. 6 c. 12 d. 4

15. Laws of Exponents

1. 2. 3.

4. , if m > n 5. 6. ,a≠0

7. 8.

16. Perimeter, Area, Circumference and Volume

A. Perimeter
Perimeter of a polygon is the sum total of the lengths of he sides. All measured in the same unit.
1. Triangle : P=a+b+c
2. Square : P = 4s
3. Rectangle : P = 2 (l+w)
4. Pentagon : P=a+b+c+d+e
B. Area
The area A of a polygon is the number of unit squares enclosed by the polygon.
1. Square : A = (side) 2 = s2
2. Rectangle : A = length x width = l x w
3. Triangle : A = ½ bh
4. Circle : A = лr2
5. Parallelogram : A=bxh
6. Trapezoid : A = ½ (a + b ) h
7. Rhombus : A = ½ d1d2 where d1d2 = lengths of the diagonals

C. Circumference
Circumference is the distance around a circle.
1. Circle
C = лd = 2лr where d – diameter and r – radius

D. Surface Area
The surface area of any solid figure is the sum of the areas of all its surfaces.
1. Rectangular prism
SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)
2. Square pyramid
SA = area of the base + 4 (area of face)
E. Volume
An amount of a space inside the solid. Volume is measured by the number of cubic units that
the solid contains.
1. Rectangular Prism
V = length x width x height = lwh
Exercises:
1. The area of the square is 36 sq. cm. What is the perimeter of the square?
a. 18 b. 12 c. 24 d. 30
2. What is the area in sq. cm of a square if its diagonal is 6 centimeters?
a. 16 b. 14 c. 18 d. 12
 3. The volume of the box is 480 cu. cm. If the length is 24 cm and height is 5 cm, what is its width?
a. 6cm b. 5 cm c. 8 cm d. 4 cm
4. If the rectangular box with sides 36 in long and 18 in wide, then how high must it be to contain 12 cu.
ft?
a. 3 ¼ ft b. 2 1/3 ft c. 3 ft d. 2 2/3 ft

Pythagorean Theorem
(Hypotenuse)2 = sum of the squares of the two legs.
c 2 = a2 + b2
Special Right Triangle / Pythagorean Triple Number
1.) 3, 4, 5
2.) 5, 12, 13
3.) 7, 24, 25

17. Probability

Probability of an event =

1. Die 3. Playing Cards

2. Pair of Dice 4. Coin
Example:
A card if drawn from a complete deck of cards and we told that it is black.
1. What is the probability that is a Queen?

a. b. c. d.
2. A pair of dice is rolled. What is the probability of getting a sum of 6?

a. b. c. d.
3. `What is the probability of getting 2 5’s?

a. b. c. d.
4. A coin is tossed 3 times. What is the odds of getting at least 2 heads occur?

a. b. c. d.

PERMUTATION
- is an arrangement of objects wherein ORDER is taken into account.

Factorial Notation
- the expression n! (read as n factorial is equal to n(n-1)(n-2)…(n-r+1) where r ≤ n.
Example: 4! = 4.3.2.1
= 24
By definition: 0! =1
Permutation of n objects taken all together
nPn = n!
Example:
1. 5P5 = 5! = 120
2. In how many different ways may six newly admitted patients be assigned to six
available beds in the provincial hospital?
Solution: 6P6 = 6! = 720 ways

4. In how many different ways may five victims of the dengue be assigned to a ward with
five beds if two of the victims who are sisters insist on being together?
Solution: 5P5 • 2P2 = 5! • 2!
= 120 • 2
= 240 ways
 *Note: The 2 sisters are considered as one group since they move together. However, they can
interchange places by themselves.

Permutation of n objects taken r at a time.

Example:
1. A bus has eight vacant seats. If five additional passengers enter the bus, in how many
different ways can they be seated?

2. In how many different ways may the chief of a medical mission to a disaster stricken
area assign four out of seven doctors to head a team of health practitioners to four relief
stations?

Permutation of n objects not all distinct

When one cannot distinguish between objects of the same class or characteristics,
the appropriate formula to use is:

where: N = total number of objects

n = number of objects belonging to a particular class
Example:
1. In how many different ways can we arrange nine experimental hamsters in
nine laboratory cages if 4 hamsters are white, 3 are yellow and 2 are blue?

Circular permutation
Formula: (n-1)!
Example:
1. In how many different ways can six people be seated around a circular table?
2. In how many different ways can nine different trees be planted in a circle?

COMBINATION
- is an arrangement of objects where ORDER or position is NOT important. The
combination of n objects taken all together is 1.
nCn = 1

Combination of n objects taken r at a time

Example:
1. In how many ways can a coach choose three swimmers from among five swimmers?

2. Six friends want to play enough games of chess to be sure everyone plays everyone else.
How many games will they have to play?

TERMINOLOGIES IN MATHEMATICS

Conjecture - is a proposition which is consistent with known data but has neither been verified nor
show ti be false
Function - relatin fr which each vale from the set of first components of the ordered pairs is
associated with exactly one vale from the set of second components of the ordered pair.
Theorem - ststement that can be demonstrated to be true by accepted mathematical operations
and arguments
Algebra Tiles - usually used with the multi-based arithmetic blocks in developing numeration
Concepts
 All right angles are equal
Blaise Pascal - has been descried as the greatest “might-have-been” in the history of mathematics.
Cardinal numbers - numbers that used to measure the number of elements in a given set.
Dyscalculia - learning disability in Math.
Ethno mathematics - the mathematics that is pervasive in identifiable cultural groups.
If two angles have their respective legs are parallel, they are equal or supplementary.
Inductive reasoning is the process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific examples.
Let p and q be statements, then the contrapositive of p → q is q → p.
Sound intensity which is measure using decibel scale also uses common logarithm. Decibel is named
after
Alexander Graham Bell
The 3D Models is the era where the importance of mathematics in science stimulated a new mathematics
culture where heavy emphasis was given to the proper instruments for measuring, observing, and
recording information.
The approximate shape of the earth is sphere.
The end goal of mathematical investigation is generalization.
The largest common factor of two or more numbers is called greatest common factor.
The largest prime number less than 100 is 97.
The sum of the sides of a polygon is called the perimeter.
Two sets, say A and B are said to be disjoint sets if and only if they are mutually exclusive of if they don’t
have common elements.
Two sets, say A and B are said to be equivalent sets if and only if they are mutually exclusive of if they
have exact number of elements.
George Dantzig - invented a method of determining the optimal vales of a linear function subject to
certain constraints. Known as linear programming
George Polya - known as the Father of problem solving.
Jacob Bernoulli - introduced the Law of Large Numbers in his Art of Conjecture.
There were two outstanding astronomers who contributed notably to mathematics in the early part of
seventh century. The German Johann Kepler and the Italian Galileo Galilei.
Fibonacci Sequence - 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,…
Pattern of Rhythm - basic pattern in nature.
Pattern of Visuals - unpredictable and it often constraints fractals.

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a proposition which is consistent with known data but has neither been verified nor shown to be
false?
a. Fallacy b. Conjecture c. Corollary d. Theorem
2. How many vertices does a rectangular solid?
a. 6 b. 4 c. 8 d. 12
3. A regular solid where the length, width and height are equal is __________.
a. Rectangular Solid b. Cube c. Parallelogram d. Square
4. It is a number that used to measure the number of elements in a given set.
a. Ordinal b. Counting c. Cardinal d. Nominal
5. He is known as the father of problem solving.
a. Blaise Pascal b. George Dantzig c. George Polya d. Fibonacci
6. What is the measure of each angle if a pair of angles is complementary and equal in measure?
a. 600 b. 300 c. 900 d. 450
7. Let p and q be the statements, then the contrapositive of p → q is ___________.
a. q → p b. p → q c. p ↔ q d. q ↔ p
8. What is the 10th number in the sequence of 15, 23, 31?
a. 78 b. 87 c. 97 d. 88
9. The largest prime number less than 100 is ______.
a. 99 b. 93 c. 97 d. 89
10. A scale of measurement that concerns with categorical data is ________.
a. Nominal b. Ordinal c. Ratio d. Interval
11. It is said to be the most basic pattern in nature.
a. Pattern of visuals b. Pattern of rhythm c. Pattern in nature d. Pattern in numbers
12. What do you call the sum of the sides of any polygon?
a. Area b. Perimeter c. Volume d. a and b
13. It illustrates how a portion of the data relates with the whole.
a. Pie graph b. line graph c. Bar graph d. Pictograph
14. What is the next number in this Fibonacci sequence 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21, ______?
a. 29 b. 33 c. 34 d. 35
15. Which of the following set of number contain prime numbers?
a. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 c. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
b. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 d. 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7
16. 24 is ¾ of what number?
a. 16 b. 32 c. 40 d. 48
17. What is the sum of 5/18 and 7/12?
a. 35/18 b. 12/30 c. 12/12 d. 31/36

18. The Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 12, 24, and 36 is

a. 72 b. 36 c. 48 d. 12
19. If a car can travel 25 miles on two gallons of gasoline, how many gallons will be needed for a trip of
150 miles?
a. 3 b. 6 c. 10 d. 12
20. The Greatest Common Multiple (GCF) of 15, 18 and 24 is
a. 2 b. 3 c. 29 d. 37
21. A dress is sold for P6, 800 while marked at P8, 000. What is the rate of discount?
a. 12% b. 15% c. 20% d. 17%
b.
22. In the series 2, 5, 8, ……. The 10th term is.
a. 30 b. 28 c. 29 d. 37
23. The average of five numbers is 24. If the given numbers are 10, 12, 23, and 31, then the fifth number
is.
a. 40 b. 45 c. 44 d. 55
24. The one-way fare from Iloilo to Manila is P3, 030. How many round trip tickets can be purchased
with P60, 600?
a. 20 b. 10 c. 25 d. 15
25. Look at this series: 3, -12, 48, -192, 768, ….. What number should come next?
a. -372 b. -3, 072 c. 3, 072 d. -12, 288
26. In class of 150 students, 100 are girls. What percent of the class are boys?
a. 20% b. 30% c. 33 1/3% d. 25%
27. The perimeter of a square whose side is 10 cm is.
a. 10cm2 b 40cm c. 20cm d. 100cm2

28. Evaluate

a. b. c. d.
29. If a pole 18 ft. High casts a shadow of 20 ft long, how long is the shadow of a 27 ft. long at the same
time?
a. 10 b. 25 c. 30 d. 36
30. Find 60% of 70.
a. 4.2 b. 28 c. 42 d. 2.8
31. In a certain class, the ratio of men to women is 4:6. If the class has 40 students, how many of them
are women?
a. 12 b. 16 c. 20 d. 24
32. What must be added to -11 to get -4?
a. -7 b. 7 c. 11 d. -11
33. 145, 300 in scientific notation is
a. 1.453 x 105 b. 14.53 x 104 c. 1.453 x 10-5 d. 14.53 x 10-4

34. In the series, 1, 2, 5, 12, 27, _______, the next number is.
a. 54 b. 56 c. 58 d. 60
35. What is the ratio of 9 inches to 2 feet?
a. 9:3 b. 3:9 c. 3:8 d. 8:3
36. The weight of 15-feet wire is 6 pounds. How many pounds will 25 feet of this same wire weight?
a. 8.5 b. 5 c. 9 d. 10
37. Which of the given numbers is divisible by 6?
a. 7304 b. 1824 c. 321 d. 374
38. The simplified value of [{ (-7) + (-5)} – {(-4) (-3)} ] 2 is ______.
a. 144 b. 100 c. 81 d. 576
39. Find the value of a if 3ab = 15 and b = 5.

a. 0 b. c. 1 d. 3
40. Find the length of a rectangle if its width is 15 and its perimeter is 480.
a. 220 b. 225 c. 232.5 d. 255

41. Evaluate
a. 15 / ab b. 5ab c. 15ab d. 5ac
42. Find the difference between the largest 3 digit number, and the smallest 3 digit number which can
be formed 3, 1 and 9.
a. 612 b. 742 c. 542 d. 792
43. The area of the triangle and its base is 3/4. What is its height?

a. b. c. 2 d.
44. If the lengths of two sides of a right triangle adjacent to the right angle are 5 and 12 respectively, the
length of the side opposite the right angle is.
a. 12 b. 13 c. 15 d. 9
45. The sides of a triangle are in the ratio of 3:7:15. If the perimeter of a triangle is 75 cm. What is the
measure of the smallest side?
a. 21cm b. 9cm c. 45cm d. 25cm
46. What is the measure of the other side of an isosceles triangle if the base is 2 meters and a perimeter
of 12 meters?
a. 6m b. 4m c. 5m d. 10m
47. What is the value of x in =
a. 8 b. 12 c. 10 d. 4
48. Find the value of x if 4x + 5 < 2x + 2

a. b. c. d.

49. A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting an odd number?

a. b. c. 3 d.
50. Round off 165, 469, 670 to the nearest hundred thousand.
a. 165, 000, 000 c. 165, 500, 000
b. 165, 470, 000 d. 166, 000, 000
51. A realtor’s fee for selling a lot was P824.60. If the rate of commission was 7%, what was the selling
price of the lot?
a. P11, 780 b. P1, 178.95 c. P10, 625 d. P25, 310
52. A card is drawn from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability of getting a queen
of hearts?

a. b. c. d.

53. What is the value of ?

a. 12 b. 3 c. 9 d. 18
54. Find the fraction equal to infinite repeating decimal 0.444….

a. b. c. d.
55. If we subtract the sum of 3.859 & .0451 from 14. 0132, the result is equal to
a. 17. 9173 b. 10.1993 c. 10.1091 d. 11. 0132
56. 3, 500 is 25% of _________.
a. P14, 000 b. P1, 400 c. P140, 000 d. P140
57. In a mathematics class of 50 students where 30 are girls, what percent of the class are boys?
a. 50% b. 40% c. 120% d. 60%
58. If each base angle of an isosceles triangle is 34 degrees, the size of the vertex angle is
a. 560 b. 660 c. 1120 d. 1460
59. The area of a picture frame that measures 12 by 15 inches is.
a. 200in2 b. 180in2 c. 250in2 d. 30in2
60. If the cost of 120 hollow blocks is P648.00, what is the cost of 75 hollow blocks?
a. P405 b. 40.50 c. P450 d. P45.00

61. If Ryan can do the job in 4 days and Tintin can do the same job in 2 days, how long will take to
finish the job if they work together?

a. 3 days b. days c. days d. days

62. The distance traveled by an automobile in 3 hrs. if the speed is 60 km/hr is.
a. 20km b. 120km c. 180km d. 90km
63. Whish is equivalent common fraction of the repeating decimal 5.818181…?

a. b. c. d.
64. If a baseball player hits 10 home runs in the first 45 games, at the same rate how many home runs
can he expect to hit during the 162-game season?
a. 42 b. 36 c. 38 d. 40
65. A 25-hectare field yields 350 cavans of palay. At this rate, how many cavans will a 60-hectare field
yield?
a. 840 b. 860 c. 830 d. 850
66. Angel has 5 blue T-shirts and 7 orange T-shirts. If he picks one T-shirt at random, what is the
probability that it will NOT be blue?

a. b. c. d.
3 2
67. 65y - 35y + 15y is equal to.
a. 5 (13y3 – 7y2 + 3) c. 5 (13 – 7y2+ 3y)
2
b. 5y ( 13y – 7y + 3) d. 5y3 (13 – 7y + 3)
68. If x – 6 > 24, then
a. x > 6 b. x > 30 c. x > 4 d. x > 24
69. What is the missing term in the series? 2, 5, 11, 23, 47, ________.
a. 95 b. 115 c. 125 d. 105

70. What is the average of ?

a. b. c. d.
71. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 25 feet. If one leg is 24 feet, what is the length of the other leg?
a. 5 ft b. 6 ft c. 7 ft d. 20 ft
72. If P75.00 is shared among three children in the ratio of 3:7:15, the size of the smaller share is.
a. P15 b. P9 c. P35 d. P25
73. If car travels 96 miles on 8 liters of gas, how far the car travel on a full tank of gas that holds 20
liters?
a. 235 miles b. 230 miles c. 240 miles d. 245 miles
74. Which of the following is the smallest prime number greater than 200?
a. 211 b. 201 c. 205 d. 214
75. What is the missing term in the series? 1, 4, 9 16, _____, 36.
a. 45 b. 35 c. 55 d. 25
76. Write the expression 3x2 + x in factored form?
a. 3x3 (1 + x ) b. 3x2 ( 1 + 1 ) c. 3 ( x2 + 1 ) d. x ( 3x + 1 )
77. In a class of 10 boys and 15 girls, the boy’s average score on the final exam was 80 and the girl’s
average score was 90. What was the average score for the whole class?
a. 86 b. 84 c. 87 d. 85
78. Which number is wrong in the series? 2, 4, 8, 14, 32.
a. 2 b. 8 c. 4 d. 14
79. How much larger is the supplement of a 57 degree angle than the complement of a 75 degree
angle?
a. 18 degrees b. 108 degrees c. 123 degrees d. 15 degrees
80. How much topsoil is needed to cover a garden 25 feet by 40 feet to depth of 6 inches?
a. 460 cu. ft b. 440 cu. ft c. 480 cu. ft d. 500 cu. ft

“Success is not final, failure is not fatal.

It is the courage to continue that counts.”
- Winston Churchill