ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION

Magnetic Flux:
1. A bar magnet is placed completely inside an imaginary spherical surface. Find flux through the
surface.
2. A bar magnetic is placed inside an imaginary spherical surface such that half of the magnetic is in
the surface. Find flux through surface.
3. A circular loop radius R is in the uniform constant magnetic field B̅. If it is rotated by an angle π/3
find maximum possible change in flux.
4. A circular loop of radius 7 cm is in x-y plane. There exists uniform electric field B̅ = 3iˆ + 2ˆj − kˆ .
Calculate flux through the loop.
5. A square loop of side a is placed in magnetic field given by B = 3xiˆ − 2yjˆ + 4xkˆ Y
as shown in figure. Find flux through the loop.
a

Z X
6. In an uniform magnetic field B = 3iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ an insulated wire ABCDA is placed as shown in Fig-01.
Calculate net flux through loop.
Y 2 cm Y
A B A B
H G
4 cm

C D D
4 cm C X
E
Fig-01 X F
Z Fig-02
7. A wire of length 80 cm is bent in to a closed loop as shown in Fig-2. If magnetic field is given by
B = 3iˆ − 3jˆ + 2kˆ , find flux through the loop.
8. A toroid coil of radius R and loop radius r (<<R) is carrying current i through it. Find flux through
an infinite large plane surface which is perpendicular to the plane of toroid and passing through its
diameter. (Take number of turns is N)
9. A solenoid of length 1 m and radius 2 cm is having 200 turns and carrying current 1 A in it.
Considering ideal condition for solenoid, calculate flux through.
(a) A circular loop of radius 1 cm, normal to the loop is parallel to axis of solenoid and centre of
loop is lying on axis of solenoid.
(b) A circular loop of radius 1 cm, normal to the loop is making an angle 60° with the axis of
solenoid an centre of loop is lying on axis of solenoid.
(c) A circular loop of radius 6 cm, normal to the loop is parallel to axis of the solenoid.
(d) A circular loop of radius 6 cm, normal to the loop is making an angle 60° with the axis of
solenoid.
10. Calculate magnetic flux through the loop given in the below diagram
(a) (b) (c)  B̅
 B̅  B̅
b
a b a b

Page 1 of 11
Faradays Laws:
1. A square loop of side a is moving with constant speed v into uniform Region I Region II
perpendicular magnetic field as shown in figure. Calculate emf induced in   
the circuit. If resistance of the loop is R, calculate current in the loop. v
  
B
  
2. A equilateral triangular loop of side ‘a’ and resistance R is moving with Region I Region II
constant velocity v as shown in figure. Find current in the loop as a function   
of time. Take vertex is at boundary at time t = 0. v
  
B
  
3. In a region there exists a uniform magnetic field into the plane of paper as    
shown in figure. If magnetic field changes according to equation R
B = α + βt t = 0 to t = 4 s    
= α + 4β t = 4 to t = 8 s B
   
Find emf induced in the loop as a function of time and make graph between
induced emf and time.
4. A square loop of side 20 cm and resistance 12 Ω is placed in uniform perpendicular magnetic field
which changes with time according to equation B = 40t − 10t². Between t = 0 to t = 4 s find
maximum current.
5. A conducting square loop of side a = 1 m is placed in uniform perpendicular magnetic field B(t) =
8t − 2t². (a) Calculate induced emf in the loop. (b) Find time after which current will reverse its
direction.
6. Variation of magnetic field as a function of time is given in B in T
the graph. If there is a equilateral triangular loop of
resistance 20 Ω side √3 m such that direction of magnetic 20
field perpendicular to plane of the loop, calculate 3 4
(a) current in the loop between t = 0 s to t = 1 s
0 1 2 t (in s)
(b) current in the loop between t = 2 s to t = 3 s
(c) plot graph between current vs time. −20
7. A circular coil of radius 20 cm, resistance 4 Ω is rotated about an axis passing through its centre and
in the plane of the loop with angular speed 200 rad/s. Calculate maximum possible current in the
loop. Take there exists uniform magnetic field B = 40 T perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
8. A square loop of side 0.1 m, resistance 2 Ω is rotated in uniform magnetic field of strength 10 T,
about a diagonal with angular speed 20 rad/s. Calculate maximum current in the loop and maximum
value of charge moved in the loop when it rotates by 180°.
9. A circular loop of radius r and resistance R is in the uniform perpendicular magnetic field B̅. If
magnetic field is switched off calculate total charge moved in the circuit.
10. A circular loop of radius 20 cm and resistance 2 Ω is in uniform magnetic field 10 T such that
magnetic field is parallel to the plane of the loop. Now loop is rotate through an angle of π/2 about
its diameter such that plane of the loop becomes perpendicular to the magnetic field. If time taken to
rotate loop is 0.2 s calculate average current in the loop during rotation.
11. A square loop of side a resistance R is placed beside infinite long
current carrying conductor i as shown in figure at time t = 0 square
loop is at a distance ‘a’ and loop starts moving away from wire with v
constant speed v. Find current in the loop as a function of time.
i

a a

Page 2 of 11
12. A circular loop is moving with constant speed into the region of 2r
uniform magnetic field B̅ and width 2r shown in figure. Make graph v   
between emf in the loop vs time. r
  
B̅
  
13. In the given diagrams find direction of current if magnetic field is decreasing. Take magnetic field
is uniform throughout space.
(a) (b) (c)
 B̅ B̅
 B̅

14. In the given diagram if the loop is rotated about given axis calculate direction of current at initial
moment. Take magnetic field uniform and constant over time.
(a) (b)
B̅  B̅

ω ω

15. A closed loops shown in figure placed in uniform magnetic field A B C

B̅ = 10 + 3t, which is in to the plane of paper. Find current
(including direction) in AB, BE and CD. Take resistance of 10  B̅
10 cm
cm wire is 1 Ω. 10 cm 20 cm
F E D
Motional emf:
16. A conducting rod of length 2 m is moving in uniform perpendicular magnetic field of strength 0.12
T with velocity 20 m/s perpendicular to both length of the rod and magnetic field. Find emf induced
in the rod.
17. A conducting rod of length 1 m is placed along positive y-axis such that one of its ends touches
origin. There exists uniform magnetic field B̅ = 2iˆ + kˆ . If rod is moving with velocity v = 2iˆ + 2ˆj
calculate emf induced in the rod.
18. A semicircular loop of radius R is moving in uniform magnetic field B̅ with    
constant velocity v as shown in figure. Find emf in the loop.    
θ
    v
B̅
   
19. A rod of length L is hinged at one end and rotating with angular speed ω about hinge. There exists
uniform magnetic field B̅ perpendicular to the plane of rotation of rod. Calculate emf induced across
the ends of the rod.
20. A rod of length 2L is made of two materials one conductor (AB) and non-      B 
conductor (OA) each of length L as shown in figure. If rod is rotating with   A   
ω about axis passing through O, find emf induced across AB. O ω
     


B̅
    

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21. A rod of length L is hinged at a distance L/4 from one of the ends as      
B
shown in figure. If rod is rotating with angular velocity ω find potential L/4    
difference between AB. Which end is at higher potential? ω
     
O
A B̅
     
22. A rod of length L is moving on friction less horizontal parallel rails of
negligible resistance as shown in figure. At the ends of the rail a resistance
R  B̅
‘R’ and uniform magnetic field B exists perpendicular to the plane of rails. v
If velocity of the rod is v then find (a) Current in the resistance, (b) Force
required to maintain the velocity.
23. A rod of length L is moving on friction less horizontal parallel rails of negligible resistance as
shown in figure above. At the ends of the rail a resistance ‘R’ and uniform magnetic field B exists
perpendicular to the plane of rails. If mass of rod is m, rod is given initial velocity vo find (a)
velocity of the rod as a function of time, (b) total heat liberated by the resistance, (c) distance
covered by the rod until it comes to rest.
24. A rod of length L is moving on friction less horizontal parallel rails of
m
negligible resistance as shown in figure. At the ends of the rail a
resistance ‘R’ and uniform magnetic field B exists perpendicular to
R  B̅
the plane of rails. Find terminal velocity.
m
25. Two parallel vertical rails are separated by distance . They are R
connected at the end by a resistance R as shown in figure. A
horizontal metal rod of mass m slides on the rails without friction
vertically downwards under the action of gravity. There exists  B̅ g
uniform horizontal magnetic field B̅ perpendicular to the plane of
rails. Find terminal velocity of the rod.

26. A rod of length L, mass m is released from rest on friction less R

parallel rails of negligible resistance as shown in figure. At the ends
of the rail a resistance ‘R’ and uniform magnetic field B exists
vertically downwards. Find terminal velocity of the rod. B̅
θ
27. Two rods of length L, mass m and resistance R is placed on friction m m
less horizontal parallel rails of negligible resistance as shown in
figure. Uniform magnetic field B exists perpendicular to the plane of  B̅
rails. If rod P is given initial velocity vo find final velocity of each vo
rod.
P Q
28. Two parallel vertical rails are separated by distance . They are C
connected at the end by a capacitor C as shown in figure. A horizontal
metal rod of mass m slides on the rails without friction vertically
downwards under the action of gravity. There exists uniform  B̅ g
horizontal magnetic field B̅ perpendicular to the plane of rails.
Calculate acceleration

29. A conducing rod of radius r is rotating about point ‘O’ with constant
angular velocity ‘ω’ on a fixed conducting ring as shown in figure. (a)  B̅
r
Find current in the resistance R. (b) Find torque required to maintain O ω
angular velocity. Take mass of rod m.

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Inductor:
1. An inductor of inductance 200 mH is having potential difference 0.4 V. Find rate of change of
current in the inductor.
2. In the given circuit calculate potential difference L = 20 mH i=4A
between A and B. Current in the circuit is increasing
at a rate of 2 A/s. A 2Ω B
4V
10 V
3. In the given circuit i1 = 1 A (constant), i2 = 3 A
(decreasing at a rate of 0.2 A/s). Find potential at A 4Ω
3.4 V
and B at this instant. i1
2H B
A 2 Ω i2
4. In the given circuit i1 = 2 A (constant), i2 = 2 A 4Ω 4H 6Ω
(decreasing at a rate of 0.3 A/s). Find potential at A
and B. A i1 i2 B
2V
3Ω

10 V
5. In the given circuit if potential difference across the 2Ω 10 H 200 μF 4Ω 4V
inductor is 0.2 V (constant), then find rate of change
of potential across capacitor. Take charge on A i
capacitor 0.8 mC, i in the circuit is 2 A and 2Ω
decreasing. 3A
6. In the given circuit switch is closed at time t = 0. Calculate current in resistance at t = 0, potential
difference across inductor at 1 ms.
2Ω 10 mH
2Ω
S
10 mH 10 Ω

3 mH 4Ω 3Ω
4Ω
12 V
5V S 6V S
7. Calculate current in the 4 Ω resistance immediately after switch is closed and after circuit reaches
steady state.
8. In the given circuit find current through battery immediately after closing switch, after circuit reach
saturation and find current in inductor at saturation.
9. In the given circuit find current in 2 Ω resistance immediately after closing switch, after sufficiently
long time and find energy stored in inductor at this time.
4Ω
6V S 2Ω
2Ω
2Ω 3Ω 10 mH
4Ω 2 mH
12 V
10 mH 12 V S
10. Initially switch is closed & circuit is in steady state. Calculate current in the inductor immediately
after switch is open.
11. In the given circuit switch is closed at time t = 0. Calculate current in 4 Ω.
(a) at t = 0,
(b) after sufficiently long time
(c) after saturation is reached switch S is opened. Calculate current in 4 Ω immediately after
opening switch.

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12. In the given circuit initially switch is in position 1 and circuit is in steady state.
(a) Calculate current in 2 Ω at steady state
(b) If switch is connected to 2, calculate potential difference across inductor immediately after
connecting to 2.
10 mH 2Ω

6Ω 10 mH 3Ω 3Ω 2Ω

10 mH 2Ω 4Ω 1Ω
2
1

4V 4V S 4V S
13. In the given circuit initially switch S is closed and circuit is in steady state. Calculate potential drop
across 4 Ω immediately after opening switch.
14. Initially switch ‘S’ is closed and circuit is in steady state. Calculate potential drop across 3 Ω
resistance immediately after opening switch.
15. Calculate current in ‘L’ and charge on C after steady state is reached.
C L
2Ω
10 mH 2 Ω
6 mH 2Ω 2
R 2R
1

E S 4V S 4V
16. In the given circuit switch is closed at t = 0. Calculate current in circuit at t = 15 ms and potential
drop across inductor at this time take e³ = 20.
17. In the given circuit switch is connected to 1 at time t = 0. Calculate
(a) current in the circuit at t = 2.1 ms
(b) energy stored in the inductor at this time.
(c) After circuit reach saturation switch is connected to 2. Calculate potential difference across the
inductor immediately after connecting switch to 2.
(d) Calculate current in the inductor at 1.65 ms after connecting switch to 2.
(e) Calculate energy in the inductor at 1.65 ms after connecting switch to 2
(f) Calculate potential difference across inductor at 1.65 ms after connecting switch to 2
(Take e0.7 = 2.0 and e1.1 = 3.0)
18. Initially S1 closed S2 open in steady state S2 closed S1 open at t = 0 find time after which current
becomes 0.25 A in resistance.
2V 2Ω
1V 10 mH 10 Ω
4V 1Ω

S1 S2 2Ω 5Ω 10 mH
2V
S 1 mH
19. At t = 0 switch S is closed, calculate current in inductor and 5 Ω resistance as a function of time.
Switch S is opened after reaching steady state, calculate total heat liberated in 5 Ω.
20. In the given circuit switch S is closed at t = 0. Find current in the inductor as a function of time t.
S1
LC Oscillations:
21. Initially switch S1 is closed and S2 is open and circuit is in 50 μF 5 mH
steady state. At t = 0 S2 closed and S1 opened. Calculate 6V
time after which charge on capacitor becomes half the 1Ω
original value. S2
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22. Initially capacitor is charged to qo and at t = 0 switch S is 100 μF
closed. If maximum current is 0.1 A calculate initial charge
qo on the capacitor. S
10 mH
23. Initially capacitor is charged to 20 V and switch S is closed 50 μF
at t = 0. Find time and charge on the capacitor when energy
stored in capacitor becomes half. S
20 mH
24. Initially switch S1 is closed and S2 is open and circuit is in S1
steady state. At t = 0, S2 closed and S1 opened. Calculate
time after which charge on capacitor becomes half the
original value, calculate current in inductor when charge on 6V 50 μF 5 mH
capacitor is half of the maximum value. 1Ω
S2
S1 4Ω
25. Initially switch S1 is closed and S2 is open and circuit is in
steady state. At t = 0 S2 closed & S1 opened B
simultaneously. Calculate charge on plate A as a function 2V 10 mH 100 μF
A
of time.
S2
26. In the circuit S1 and S3 have been closed for 1 s and S2 1Ω 1Ω
remained open. Just after 1 s switch S2 is closed and S1, S3
are opened. Find after that instant (t = 0):
(a) The max current in the circuit containing inductor & 1H 1F 1V
1V
capacitor only
(b) The maximum charge on capacitor S1 S2 S3
(c) The charge on the upper plate of the capacitor as a function of time.
S1
27. In the given circuit at time t = 0 switch S1 is closed, S2 is open
and capacitor is charged to V. After time t = 0.7 ms, S1 is open +q
and S2 is closed simultaneously. Calculate (a) maximum charge 5 mH 50 μF
6V
on capacitor, (b) Maximum current in the inductor, (c) charge
1Ω −q
on upper plate of capacitor as a function of time.
4Ω S2
Mutual Induction:
1. In the given below diagram, arrange them in ascending order of coefficient of mutual inductance.
Consider in all cases radius of bigger & smaller coils remain same.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

d d
2. Two concentric circular coils of single turn and radii R and r (r << R) are placed in same plane. If
current in smaller coil is I, calculate total flux through bigger coil due to current in smaller coil.
3. Two circular coils of single turn and radius R and r (r << R) are placed coaxially at a separation d.
Find coefficient of mutual inductance.
4. A circular loop of radius R having n turns is placed in X-Y plane such that centre of loop coincides
with origin. Another circular coil of single turn radius r (r < < R) is placed such that its centre
coincides with origin. Find coefficient of mutual inductance if normal to small coil is along (a) Z-
axis (b) y axis (c) vector 2iˆ + 2ˆj + 2kˆ (d) vector 3iˆ + 2ˆj (e) vector 3iˆ + 2ˆj + kˆ .
5. Two coils are arranged in such a way that their coefficient of mutual induction 100 mH. If rate of
change of current in first coil is 0.2 A/s. Calculate induced emf in the second coil.

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Transformer:
6. A set up transformer has 2000 turns in primary and 8000 turns in secondary. Considering
transformer to ideal, calculate output voltage if input voltage is (a) 100 V AC and (b) 100 V DC
7. An ideal step down transformer input and output voltages are 2000 V and 800 V respectively. If
number of turns in secondary is 1600, find numbers of turns in primary.
8. A transformer has 2000 and 400 turns in primary and secondary respectively. Input power and
voltage of the transformer is 100 W & 200 V and efficiency of transformer is 80% calculate output
voltage and current.
Induced Electric Field:
1. There exists uniform magnetic field in a circular region of radius R
  
perpendicular to plane of paper as shown in figure. If magnetic field B̅ R
changes according to equation B̅(t) = αt where α is positive constant. Find   
electric field as a function of r. r
  

2. There exists uniform magnetic field in a circular region of radius R

perpendicular to plane of paper as shown in figure. A thin non conducting
  
ring of charge Q, mass m and radius r is placed at rest as shown. If magnetic B̅ R
field changes according to equation B = αt calculate angular velocity of the   
ring as a function of time neglect friction & gravity. r
  

3. A thin non conducting ring of charge Q, mass m and radius r is placed on horizontal friction less
plane. There exists uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to plane of ring. If magnetic field is
switched off find angular speed of the ring.
4. There exists uniform magnetic field in a circular region of radius R perpendicular
  
to plane of paper as shown in figure. If magnetic field changes according to B̅ R
̅
equation B(t) = αt where α is positive constant. A metallic rod of length √2R is   
placed as shown. Calculate potential difference between ends of the rod. √2R
  

5. There exists uniform magnetic field in a circular region of radius R perpendicular to plane of paper
as shown in figure. If magnetic field changes according to equation B̅(t) = αt where α is positive
constant. A metallic rod of length is placed as shown. Calculate potential difference between ends
of the rod.
(a) (b)
     
B̅ R B̅ R
      2R
√3R
   R   

6. At a distance r from centre of circular region of radius ‘R’ containing uniform magnetic field B =
Bot, a non conducting ring of radius r (> R), mass m and charge ‘Q’ is placed such that centre of the
ring is coincides with centre of the circular region and magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane
of the ring. Find torque on the ring and angular acceleration of the ring.
7. At a distance r from centre of circular region of radius ‘R’ containing uniform magnetic field B =
Bot, a square loop of side a (> 2R) is placed such that centre of the square is coincides with centre of
the circular region and magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Find potential
difference between any one side of the square.

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 Answers
Magnetic Flux:
1. 0
2. 0
3. BπR²
4. 1.54 × 10−2 wb
5. 2a³
6. 18 × 10−4 wb
7. 3 × 10−2 wb
8. zero
9. (a) 78.92 × 10−9 wb; (b) 39.46 × 10−9 wb; (c) 315.68 × 10−9 wb; (d) 315.68 × 10−9 wb;
10. (a) π(a² + b²)B, (b) π(a² − b²)B, (c) π(a² − b²) B
Faradays Laws:
1. Bav; Bav/R; anti clock wise
2Bv²t
2. anti clock wise
3
3. e = πR²β anti clock wise in t = 0 to t = 4 s; e = 0 in t = 4 to t = 8 s
e
πR²β

0 4 8 t
4. 2/15 A
5. (a) 8 − 4t; (b) t = 2 s
6. (a) 3√3/4 A; (b) 3√3/2 A;
(c) i

0 1 2 3 4
t

7. 80π A
8. 1 A; 0.1 C
9. πr²B/R
10. πA
 ia²v  1 
11. iinduced = o   Clock wise
2R  (a + vt)(2a + vt) 
12.
e

13. (a) Clock wise; (b) anti clockwise in big loop; (c) clockwise in big loop
14. (a) anti clockwise; (b) clockwise in big loop
Motional emf:
16. 4.8 V
17. 2V
18. 2BRv sin θ
19. BL²ω/2
Page 9 of 11
 3B ² 
20.
2
21. BL²ω/4, end B will be at higher potential.
BLv B²L²v
22. (a) ; (b)
R R
 B²L²  1 v mR
23. (a) v = vo exp − t  (b) mv o2 (c) o2 2
 mR  2 LB
24. mgR/(BL)²
25. mgR/(B )²
mgR sin 
26. v=
B²L²cos²
27. vo/2
mg
28. a=
m + B² ²C
Br 2
29. (a) ; (b) B²r4ω/(4R)
2R
Inductor:
1. 2 A/s
2. 4.04 V
3. 9.8 V; 12 V
4. 0.8 V; −8 V
5. 2.5 × 104 V/s
6. 0 A; 1.85 V
7. 2 A, 3 A
8. 18/13 A; 9/2 A; 9/2 A
9. 1.2 A; 0 A; 20 mJ
10. 6A
11. 2 A, 0 A, 6 A
12. (a) 2 A (b) 16 V
13. 16/3 V
14. 1V
15. E/R; CE
16. 1.9 A; 0.2 V
17. (a) 1 A, (b) 3 mJ, (c) 8 V, (d) 2/3 A, (e) 4/3 mJ, (f) 8/3 V
18. 3.465 ms
2 −103 t/3
iL = 0.2(1 − e −10 t/3 ) ; iR =
3
19. (e ) ; Q = 2 × 10−4 J
15
  2 103  
20. i = 5 1 − exp  − t 
  3 

LC Oscillations:
5 
21. 10−4 = 10−3
3 6
22. 10−4 C
 10−3
23. t= s; C
4000 2
24. 5π/3 × 10−4 s
25. q = 0.5 × 10−3 sin(10³t)

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  e −1   e −1   e −1   3 
26. (a) 2  ; (b) 2  ; (c) q = 2   sin  t + 
 e   e   e   4 
27. q = 6√5 × 10−4
Mutual Induction:
1. c, d, a, b
o I
2. r ²
2R
o
3. r ²R²
2(r ² + d²)3/ 2
 nr 2  nr 2  nr 2
4. (a) o ; (b) 0; (c) o ; (d) 0; (e) o
2R 2 3R 2 14R
5. 0.02 V
Induced Electric Field:
R²
1. E=  for r ≥ R; E = rα/2 for r ≤ R
2r
R 2 Q
2.
2mr 2
QB
3.
2m
R 2
4.
2
5. (a) πR²α/8, (b) πR²α/6
Bo QR 2
6.
2
R 2
7. Bo
4

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