Today’s Learners are Tomorrow’s Leaders

2023-2024 Term-3

Grade-8
Physics

Worksheet # 1
 Waves
 Types of waves
 Properties of waves

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 Waves
“The wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place.”

Energy is what you need to do work. If you shake (disturb) one end of a rope up-
and- down, or back- and- forth, a wave travels through the rope as shown in the
figure. The wave in the rope carries energy from your hand.

Types of Waves
1) Mechanical waves
 Waves need something (particles/a medium) to travel through (solid, liquid or
gas).Water waves need water to travel through, sound waves need air to
travel through and the wave as shown above needs a rope to travel.

Waves that require a medium to travel are called Mechanical waves.

Mechanical waves in solid Mechanical waves in liquid Mechanical waves in gas

 However mechanical wave required a medium to travel through, the wave
carries energy only but not the medium. This is because the tiny particles of
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 the medium bump into each other and pass the wave's energy from one to
another and return back to their initial positions.

Direction of wave

2) Electromagnetic waves
 Other kind of waves does not require a medium to travel through. It can travel
even in vacuum. This kind of wave called the electromagnetic waves. Sun light,
radio and TV waves are a common examples of electromagnetic waves.

Waves that do not require medium to travel are called Electromagnetic waves.

Space

Vaccuum

Classification of mechanical waves

Mechanical waves are produced when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate.

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 Mechanical waves can be classified according to the direction of the motion of
particles of medium in relation to the direction of motion of the wave.

1) Transverse waves
“Mechanical waves in which particles of the medium move at right angles (90ᵒ) to
the direction of wave movement are known as transverse waves”.
Examples: Water waves and Light waves.

The upper part of the transverse wave is called Crest.

The lower part of the transverse wave is called Trough.

2) Longitudinal waves
“Mechanical waves in which particles of the medium move parallel to the
direction of wave movement are known as longitudinal waves”.
Examples: Sound waves.
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 The parts where the coils (the particles of the medium) are close together are
called Compressions.
The parts where the coils (the particles of the medium) are spread out are called
Rarefactions.

 To draw a longitudinal wave, consider the compressions of the spring as the

crests while the rarefactions as the troughs.

Waves Summary

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 Representation of a wave.
Q# Figure Number of waves(N)

a.

1 wave = 1 crest + 1 trough

b. or
N = total no. of halves/4
c.

d.

Properties of waves.
The basic properties of waves are: Amplitude, Wavelength, Frequency, Period and
Speed.
1) Amplitude “A” (in meter)

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“Amplitude is the maximum distance covered by the particles of the medium on
either side of the rest position”.

 For a transverse wave, amplitude is how far the medium moves up or down.
 For a longitudinal wave, amplitude is how far the medium moves back or forth.

 Amplitude shows how much energy a wave has. The more energy a wave has,
the bigger the amplitude of the wave.

2) Wavelength “ʎ” (in meter)

“In a transverse wave, the distance between two consecutive troughs or two
consecutive crests of is the wavelength”.

or

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“In a longitudinal wave, the distance from one compression to the next
compression, or from one rarefaction to the next rarefaction”.

Wavelength

Wavelength

3) Frequency “f” (in Hertz)

“The number of waves passing through a point in one second”.
Frequency is measured in units called hertz (Hz).

 If one wave passes a point each second, the frequency is 1 Hz. If two waves
pass a point each second, the frequency is 2 Hz.

4) Period of a wave “T” (in seconds)

“The time required to complete one vibration (oscillation/cycle)”.
Frequency (Hz) = 1/ period (s) F=1/T

5) Speed “v” (in meter per second)

“The Speed of a wave is how far the wave travels in a given amount of time”.

Speed = frequency × wavelength

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 v=d/t or v=fʎ

Distance Speed
OR

Speed Time d
Frequency Wavelength

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

 Answer the following questions.

1) Circle the letter of the choice that correctly describes the amplitude of a
transverse wave.
a) How fast the medium moves back and forth
b) How far the medium moves up or down
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 c) How far the medium moves back and forth

2) Is the following sentence true or false?

Amplitude shows how much energy a wave has. -----------------------

3) The distance a wave travels before it starts to repeat is the -----------------------

4) The picture shows a transverse wave. Which arrow shows the wavelength and
which one shows the amplitude?

5) Using the figure below, find the amplitude and the wave length of the
represented wave.
A
B

Work Sheet 3

 Study the figure below, then encircle the correct answer for each of the
questions below.
C B

Normal A

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 resting D
position

1) In the diagram above, four complete waves pass the duck in one second.
The frequency of this wave is
a) 8 s. c) 4 Hz.
b) 4 cm. d) 1/4 Hz.

2) If this wave travels at 16 cm/s, its wavelength would be

a) 2 cm. c) 64 cm.
b) 16 cm. d) 4 cm.

3) If the wavelength of the above wave is 2 cm and its frequency is unchanged, its
speed would be
a) 16 cm/s. c) 2 cm/s.
b) 14 cm/s. d) 8 cm/s.

 Fill in the blank to complete each statement.

4) The letter A in the figure above represents the ________________________ of
the wave.
5) The letter B in the figure above represents the ________________________ of
the wave.
6) The letter C in the figure above represents the ________________________ of
the wave.
7) The letter D in the figure above represents the ________________________ of
the wave.

 Use the figure below to encircle the correct answer to each of the questions
below.

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 1) What type of wave is seen in the diagram above?
a) a longitudinal wave
b) a transverse wave
c) an electromagnetic wave
d) an ocean wave

2) Waves that require a medium to travel through are………….

a) x-rays
b) infrared rays
c) mechanical waves
d) electromagnetic waves

3) What is defined as the distance a wave travels before it begins to repeat?

a) amplitude
b) speed
c) wavelength
d) frequency

4) As the wavelength of a wave is increased its speed…………

a) increases.
b) decreases.
c) remains the same.
d) can either increase or decrease.

 Circle the correct answer in each of the following.

1) A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another place is ………….
a) Tension. c) Frequency.
b) Wave. d) Speed.

2) Waves that require a medium to travel through are ………….

a) x-rays b) infrared rays

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 c) mechanical waves d) electromagnetic waves

3) Waves that do not require a medium to travel through are ………….

a) x-rays c) electromagnetic waves
b) infrared rays d) All

4) Mechanical waves are produced when a source of energy causes a medium to

a) move. c) compress.
b) expand. d) vibrate.

5) Mechanical waves are classified according to ………….

a) their size. c) their shape.
b) how they move. d) their source.

6) Waves in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the

direction of movement of waves are called ………….
a) longitudinal waves. c) transverse waves.
b) surface waves. d) combination waves.

7) Waves in which the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of
movement of waves are called ………….
a) longitudinal waves. c) transverse waves.
b) surface waves. d) combination waves.

8) Sound waves are examples of …………. waves.

a) Mechanical and transverse.
b) Mechanical and longitudinal.
c) Electromagnetic and longitudinal.
d) Electromagnetic and transverse.

9) Light waves are examples of …………. waves.

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 a) Mechanical and transverse.
b) Mechanical and longitudinal.
c) Electromagnetic and longitudinal.
d) Electromagnetic and transverse.

10) The upper part of a transverse wave is called ………….

a) Crest. c) Compression.
b) Trough. d) Rarefaction.

11) The lower part of a transverse wave is called …………..

a) Crest. c) Compression.
b) Trough. d) Rarefaction.

12) The regions where the particles of the medium are close together are called
a) Crest. c) Compression.
b) Trough. d) Rarefaction.

13) The regions where the particles of the medium are spread out are called
a) Crest. c) Compression.
b) Trough. d) Rarefaction.

14) The maximum distance that the particles of a medium move from the rest
position is the …………… of the wave
a) amplitude. c) frequency.
b) wavelength. d) speed.
15) The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave is the
wave’s……………
a) amplitude. c) wavelength.
b) frequency. d) Period.

16) The number of waves passing through a point in one second is……………
a) amplitude. b) frequency.

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 c) wavelength. d) Period.

17) Frequency is measured in units ……………

a) Second. c) Meter.
b) Hertz. d) Kilometer.

18) The time required to complete one vibration (wave/oscillation/cycle) is …………

a) amplitude. c) wavelength.
b) frequency. d) Period.

19) If Period (T) of a wave is 2s then its frequency would be ……………

a) 4 Hz. c) ½ Hz.
b) 2 Hz. d) ¼ Hz.

20) The speed of a wave is its wavelength multiplied by its……………

a) amplitude. c) vibration.
b) frequency. d) reflection.

21) Which source produces longitudinal waves?

a) stick pushed up and down in water
b) radio transmitter
c) loudspeaker
d) lamp

22) What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic wave?
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23) Give three examples of mechanical waves and three of electromagnetic
waves:
a) Mechanical waves:
i. ---------------------------------------------------------
ii. ---------------------------------------------------------
iii. ---------------------------------------------------------
b) Electromagnetic waves:
i. ---------------------------------------------------------
ii. ---------------------------------------------------------
iii. ---------------------------------------------------------

24) What is the SI unit of each of the following quantities?

a) Frequency: --------------------------
b) Period: -------------------------------
c) Wavelength: ------------------------
d) Amplitude: --------------------------

25) Find the wavelength of a wave of frequency 500Hz and moving at a speed of
1000m/s.
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26) A wave covered 700m in two seconds find its speed.

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27) What is the frequency of an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength 1µm?

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28) Find the speed of a wave of wavelength 1m and having a frequency 5Hz.
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29) Count the number of waves in each of the figure given below.
Q# Figure Number of waves

a.

b.

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c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

Thank you

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