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Lab 4 MATLAB

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Lab 4 MATLAB

Uploaded by

mohammed rasheed
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Islamic University ‫الجامعة اإلسالمية‬

Faculty of Engineering ‫كليه الهندسة‬

ENGR 3032
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LANGUAGES
Fall 2024 (Term 461)

LAB 4
Plotting and Subplots
[CO_4, PI_1_5, SO_1]

Submitted To
Eng. Osamah Alkhalifah

Submitted By
Mohammed Rasheed
431014033

Section No: 2623

November 8, 2024

ENGR 3032, Experiment #4 Term 443 2023 Page 1 of 19


Objective:
The objective of this Lab session is to create two-dimensional plots, adjust the appearance of
generated plots and to divide the plotted window into subplots using Matlab/ Octave.

Theory:
1. Two Dimensional Plots
A set of ordered pairs is used to identify points on a two-dimensional graph; straight lines then connect the
points. The values of x and y may be measured or calculated. Generally, the independent variable is given the
name x and is plotted on the x -axis, and the dependent variable is given the name y and is plotted on the y -
axis.
✓ Simple x–y Plots

Once the vectors of x -values and y -values have been defined, MATLAB / OCTAVE makes it easy to
create plots
Example :
>> x = [0:2:18];
>> y = [0, 0.33, 4.13, 6.29, 6.85, 11.19, 13.19,
13.96, 16.33,18.17]
>> plot(x,y)

✓ Titles, Labels, and Grids


The following commands add a title, x - and y -axis labels and a background grid:
Example :
plot(x,y)
title('Laboratory Experiment 1')
xlabel('Time, sec')
ylabel('Distance, ft')
grid on

✓ Creating Multiple Plots


The commands used to create a simple plot are summarized in Table 4.1

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Table 4.1: Various plotting commands
Example :
x = 0:pi/100:2*pi;
y1 = cos(x*4);
plot(x,y1)
y2 = sin(x);
hold on; % to be able to plot again on the samefigure
plot(x, y2)

Another way to create a graph with multiple lines is to request both lines in a single plot command.
plot(x, Y1, x, Y2)

✓ Line, Color, and Mark Style


You can change the appearance of your plots by selecting user-defi ned line styles and line colors and by
choosing to show the data points on the graph with user specified mark styles as shown in table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Line properties withing the plot command

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✓ Axis Scaling and Annotating Plots
MATLAB / OCTAVE / OCTAVEautomatically selects appropriate x-axis and y-axis scaling. Sometimes, it
is useful for the user to be able to control the scaling. Control is accomplished with the axis function, shown
in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Axis scaling, legend and adding text to a plot window
2. Sub Plots
The subplot command allows you to subdivide the graphing window into a grid of m rows and n columns.
The function splits the figure into an m x n matrix:
subplot(m, n, p)
The variable p identifies the portion of te window where the next plot will be drawn.
The following commands split the graph window into a top plot and a bottom plot:

Example :
x = 0:pi/20:2*pi
subplot(2, 1, 1)
plot(x, sin(x))
subplot(2, 1, 2)
plot(x, sin(2*x))

3. Bar Graphs and Pie Charts


Bar graphs, histograms and pie charts are popular forms for reporting data. Some of the commonly used
MATLAB / OCTAVE / OCTAVE functions for creating bar graphs and pie charts are listed in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4
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Example :
clear, clc
x = [1, 2, 5, 4, 8];
y = [x;1:5];
subplot(2, 2, 1)
bar(x),title('A bar graph of vector x')
subplot(2, 2, 2)
bar(y),title('A bar graph of matrix y')
subplot(2, 2, 3)
bar3(y),title('A three-dimensional bar graph')
subplot(2, 2, 4)
pie(x),title('A pie chart of x')

Histogram Example:

x = [100, 95, 74, 87, 22, 78, 34, 35, 93, 88, 86, 42, 55, 48];
hist(x)

Lab Work
Task 1
Plot x versus y for y = 1 + sin(x/5). Let x vary from 0 to 2.5π in increments of 0.12π. Add title and
labels to your plot.

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Task 2
Plot x versus y1 and y2, for y1 = sin(x2) and y2 = cos(2x+3). Let x vary from 0 to π in increments of
0.1π.
a. Add a title and labels to your plot.
b. Make the sin(x2) line dashed and red. Make the cos(2x+3) line blue and dotted.
c. Add a legend to the graph.

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Task 3
Create plots of the following functions from x = 0 to 15. Let x vary from 0 to 15 in increments of
0.1. Each of your plots should include a title, an x-axis label, a y-axis label, and a grid.
a. y =5 - e3x
b. y = sin(0.4x)
c. y = ax2 + bx + c, where a=4, b=7, and c=9
d. y = √𝑥

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Task 4
Create plots of the following functions from x = 0 to 10. Combine these into one figure with four
sub windows, using the subplot function of MATLAB / OCTAVE
a. y =2lnx
b. y = tan(x)+sin(x)
c. y = ax2 + bx + c, where a=0.5, b=0.2, and c=2.4
d. y = √𝑥

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Task 5

The following scores were recorded for a given course:


G = [58, 93, 71, 60, 85, 72, 67, 35, 66, 95, 52, 81, 96, 68, 86, 58, 82, 65, 93, 83]
Write an m-file to represent the distribution of grades graphically (use comments and identify the
variables in the header of your script file).
a. Use MATLAB command sort ( ) to sort the data and create a bar graph of the
scores.
b. Create a histogram of the scores.
c. Find the minimum, maximum and mean of all scores.

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Task 6
Create a vector x of values from 0 to 20𝜋, with a spacing of 𝜋 /100. Define vectors y and z as y= x
sin(x) and z= x cos(x).Use subplots to plot all the graphs.
a. Create an x–y plot of x and y.
b. Create a polar plot of x and y.
c. Create a three-dimensional line plot of x, y and z with title and labels.
d. Use comet 3 and create another graph.

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Conclusion (Explain briefly the use of the subplot command?)

The `subplot` command in MATLAB arranges multiple plots within a single figure by
dividing it into a grid. This allows you to compare different graphs side by side,
making it easier to analyze and present related data clearly in one view.

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