Hindawi
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
Volume 2017, Article ID 2361061, 2 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2361061
Editorial
Machine Learning Applications in Medical Image Analysis
Ayman El-Baz,1 Georgy Gimel’farb,2 and Kenji Suzuki3
1
Bioengineering Department, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
2
Department of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
3
Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Ayman El-Baz; [email protected]
Received 4 April 2017; Accepted 4 April 2017; Published 13 April 2017
Copyright © 2017 Ayman El-Baz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Multiple today’s medical imaging modalities, for example, (ICP) registration; texture and morphological analyses of
X-ray CT, MRI/fMRI, and PET scanners, supply computer- multiple regions of interest (ROI) to classify breast ultra-
aided diagnostics (CAD) with a host of complex and highly sound (BUS) images; pulmonary nodule classification with
informative images. The resulting big volumes of raw visual deep convolutional neural networks; combined lung nodule
information are extremely difficult to handle. Thus new classification with local difference patterns; automatic lung
strategies for imaging-based CAD and therapies of diseases segmentation from thoracic CT; instrument detection and
have to be developed. pose estimation in retinal microsurgery; deep and transfer
In recent years, machine learning became one of the learning for colonic polyp classification; research on tech-
major tools of medical image analysis in various CAD niques of multifeatures extraction for tongue image and its
applications. Prior knowledge being learnt from character- application in retrieval; and active learning to classify diabetic
istic examples provided by medical experts helps to guide retinopathy.
image registration, fusion, segmentation, and other com- N. Amoroso et al. used multiplex network concepts
putations towards accurate descriptions of the initial data to characterize the brain organization from a topological
and extraction of reliable diagnostic cues to reach the CAD perspective.
goals. Inspired by and combined artificial intelligence, pattern F. Khalifa et al. integrated discriminative features from
recognition, biology, mathematical statistics, optimization, current and prior visual appearance models into a random
and many other fields of science, machine learning is success- forest classifier to automatically segment 3D kidneys from
fully employed to find hidden relationships in the complex dynamic CT images.
image data and link them to the goal diagnoses or monitoring J. Hu combined four entropy features and ten classifiers
of diseases. For a very simple example, learning quantitative to detect driver fatigue by processing an EEG.
3D shape descriptors of the corpus callosum on brain MRI G. Krell et al. compared different unconstrained ICP
helps much in organizing a successful early CAD of autism algorithms on realistic noisy data from an optical sensor of
or dyslexia. the tomotherapy HD system.
This special issue pursues the goals of discussing chal- M. I. Daoud et al. combined multiple-ROI morphological
lenges, technologies, and applications of machine learning and texture analyses to effectively segment BUS images.
in the present CAD. Careful reviewing of more than 31 W. Li et al. designed deep convolutional neural networks
submissions resulted in the selection of 12 papers covering the (CNNs) with strong autolearning and generalization abilities
following topics: measuring topological DWI tractography to classify lung nodules.
to detect Alzheimer’s disease; 3D kidneysegmentation from K. Mao and Z. Deng proposed local difference patterns
abdominal images; driver fatigue detection based on a single (LDP) and combined classifiers to specify lung nodules on
EEG channel; accuracy assessment for iterative closest point low-dose CT images.
2 Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
J. Wang and H. Guo presented a fully automatic three-
stage lung segmentation by skin boundary detection, rough
determination of a lung contour, and pulmonary parenchyma
refinement.
M. Alsheakhali et al. modeled detection, tracking, and
pose estimation of a retinal microsurgical instrument as a
conditional random field (CRF) inference in order to localize
the instrument’s forceps tips and center point and estimate
the orientation of its shaft.
E. Ribeiro et al. explored automated classification of
colonic polyps by deep learning of different pretrained or
built from scratch trainable CNNs on 8-HD-endoscopic
databases acquired by various imaging modalities.
L. Chen et al. presented a novel approach to extract color
and texture features of tongue images. Results showed that the
developed approach can improve the detection rate of lesion
in tongue image relative to single feature retrieval.
Y. Zhang and M. An used an active learning based
classifier of features extracted by recognizing anatomical
parts and detecting lesions to identify retinal images and
further reduce costs of screening the diabetic retinopathy.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the aforementioned contributors to
this special issue, as well as reviewers for their hard and timely
work. Finally, we give special thanks to the editorial board
of this journal for their confidence in great machine learning
potentialities in application to medical image analysis.
Ayman El-Baz
Georgy Gimel’farb
Kenji Suzuki
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