Scribd
Upload
41 views20 pages

1 - Embedded Systems Overview

Uploaded by

mohamedraw919
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views20 pages

1 - Embedded Systems Overview

Uploaded by

mohamedraw919
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Lesson 1:

Overview:
Computing Systems and
Embedded Systems

1
Outlines:
• CPU, Processor and Microprocessor
• Computer and Microcomputer
• Microcontrollers
• Microcontrollers vs Microcomputer
• Embedded Systems
• RISC and CISC Architecture
• Von Neumann and Harvard Architecture

2
CPU, Processor and
Microprocessor
• A processor and a CPU (central processing unit)
are acronyms.

• A Microprocessor is a processor (or a CPU)


fabricated in a single integrated circuit (CPU in a
chip).

3
Computer and Microcomputer
• What is a “Computer”?

• A Microcomputer is a type of computers.

• A Microcomputer is an integrated system of computer


components capable of a wide variety of applications
(general purposes).

• A microcomputer typically contains:


– microprocessor at the heart of the system
– data storage ICs: RAM, ROM
– mass storage elements: External Drives, Hard Drives, …
4
– standard I/O devices: monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer,
Microcontrollers
• Microcontroller: A highly integrated chip that
contains all the components comprising a
computer (computer in a chip).

• Typically this includes a CPU, RAM, some form


of ROM, I/O ports, and timers.

• Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also


includes all of these components, a
microcontroller is designed for a very specific
task - to control a particular system. 5
Microcontrollers vs
Microprocessors
• A microcontroller differs from a microprocessor,

– It is more self-contained, independent, and functions


as a tiny, dedicated computer.

– Sometimes called embedded microcontrollers, which


means that they are part of an embedded system that
is, one part of a larger device or system.

6
Good Features of Microcontrollers
• The great advantages of microcontrollers, as
opposed to microcomputers are that they are:

– Lower Cost
– Smaller Size
– Lower Power dissipation
– Higher immunity to power failures and sparks
– Higher Immunity to software failures and bugs
– More suitable for real-time applications
• ......
Good Features of Microcomputers
• On the other hand, advantages of
microcomputers, (as opposed to
microcontrollers) are that they have (are):

– higher computing capabilities


– General purposes and reprogrammable
– More user friendly:
• Have Operating systems
• Easier in Inputs and outputs
• More suitable for user needs and applications
Computing Systems
• Computing systems are everywhere.
• Most of us think of “desktop” computers
– PC’s
– Laptops
– Mainframes
– Servers
• But there’s another type of computing
system
– Far more common...
9
Other Computing Systems
• Embedded computing systems
– Computing systems embedded Computers are in here...

within electronic devices and here...

– Hard to define. Nearly any and even here...


computing system other than a
desktop computer
– Billions of units produced yearly,
versus millions of desktop units
Lots more of these,
though they cost a lot
less each.

10
Embedded Systems are
Everywhere
• There's a microprocessor in:
– TV and another one in the remote control
– Air conditioner
– Your satellite receiver, CD player, and DVD player An automatic
garage door opener (and each remote control for it), microwave
ovens, …
• Additional Processors in Your PC:
– an 8-bit processor in your keyboard
– Another processor in your mouse
– There’s one in each hard disk drive and floppy drive (if you still have one)
– A CPU buried in your USB interface
– A processor handling your NIC

11
“short list” of Embedded Systems
Anti-lock brakes Modems
Auto-focus cameras MPEG decoders
Automatic teller machines Network cards
Automatic toll systems
Automatic transmission
Network switches/routers
Avionic systems On-board navigation
Battery chargers Pagers
Camcorders Photocopiers
Cell phones Point-of-sale systems
Cell-phone base stations
Cordless phones
Portable video games
Cruise control Printers
Curbside check-in systems Satellite phones
Digital cameras Scanners
Disk drives Smart ovens/dishwashers
Electronic card readers
Electronic instruments
Speech recognizers
Electronic toys/games Stereo systems
Factory control Teleconferencing systems
Fax machines Televisions
Fingerprint identifiers Temperature controllers
Home security systems
Life-support systems
Theft tracking systems
Medical testing systems TV set-top boxes
VCR’s, DVD players
Video game consoles
Video phones
Washers and dryers

And the list goes on and on 12


What is an Embedded system?

• It is a specialized computer system that is part of a


larger system or machine.

• Typically, an embedded system is housed on a


single microprocessor board with the programs
stored in ROM.

• Some embedded systems include an operating


system, but many are so specialized that the
entire logic can be implemented as a single
program.
Designing Embedded Systems
• Often (but not always), there is a microcontroller
at the heart of an embedded system.

• Embedded systems Don’t have keyboard and


monitor jacks
– Use ports to perform I/O
– Inputs – to sense things
– Outputs – to control things

14
Inside the Microcontroller
• Central Processing Unit ( CPU )
• Read Only Memory ( ROM )
• Random Access Memory (RAM )
• Special Function Registers
• Input / Output Ports
• Power Supply Circuit
• Oscillator
• Program Counter
• Watchdog Timer
• …..
Embedded Systems: Block
Diagram

16
Embedded System:
Typical Example Block Diagram

17
CISC and RISC Architecture
According to Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of
the processor, it can classified either to:

• CISC Architecture
– CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer

• RISC Architecture
– RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Overview - Von Neumann and
Harvard Architecture

• Von Neumann
(Princeton)
Common program and data
memory

• Harvard
Separate program memory
and data memory
Assignment 1
1. What does the term SoC means. Make a
comparison between SoC and MCU.

2. Compare between the features of RISC and


CISC architectures (do it in a table).

3. Beside RISC and CISC, there is a special one


called DSP processors. What are the main
features that distinguish DSP architecture from
CISC and RISC architecture.
20

You might also like