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5.Public-Key Encryption Scheme (ElGamal)

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Haris Balaji
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15 views12 pages

5.Public-Key Encryption Scheme (ElGamal)

Uploaded by

Haris Balaji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Public-Key Encryption

Schemes
21CSPH0 Blockchain Technology and Applications
Dharani J
Roadmap
• Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
• Protocol
• Drawback
• Birth of Public-key Cryptography
• ElGamal Encryption Scheme
Key-Exchange Protocol - Motivation
• Symmetric-key cryptography requires a pre-shared key to be
exchanged by the communicating parties

• How does a random secret key shared between the parties over a
public, insecure channel?
• Catch-22 situation
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol -
History
Underlying Idea behind Diffie-Hellman (DH)
Key-Exchange Protocol
• The power of Asymmetry
• Certain Actions are very easy to execute, but extremely “difficult” to invert
Intuition behind DH Key-Exchange Protocol

Common random, secret mixture

Kindly Note: This slide is only for understanding. Kindly do not write this as an answer to Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Protocol

(𝔾, 𝑜, 𝑞, 𝑔)

1. Sample 𝛽 ∈𝑟 ℤ𝑞
1. Sample 𝛼 ∈𝑟 ℤ𝑞
𝑢 = 𝑔𝛼
2. Compute v = 𝑔𝛽
2. Compute u = 𝑔𝛼
v = 𝑔𝛽
3. Compute 𝑢𝛽 = 𝑔𝛼𝛽
3. Compute 𝑣 𝛼 = 𝑔𝛼𝛽
Computational and Decisional Diffie-Hellman
Assumptions
Birth of Public-key Cryptography
• DH-exchange protocol requires both the parties to be online

• To get around the problem, Diffie and Hellman proposed a new


architecture
• Public-key cryptosystems
The Architecture of Public-Key Cryptosystem
Syntax of Public-key Cryptosystem
• Three tuple algorithms
1. Key Generation (Randomized)
• Input: Security Parameter
• Output: Pair of Keys
2. Encryption (Randomized)
• Input: Message(Plaintext) and Recepient’s Public Key
• Output: Ciphertext
3. Decryption (Deterministic)
• Input: Ciphertext and Secret Key
• Output: Plaintext
El Gamal Encryption Scheme

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