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Sub. Code:311302

Basic Mathematics - FY Diploma SEM I (COMMON)

MSBTE -K Scheme

Conceptual Approach Written by Subject Expert

• Simplified &

• More than 800 Solved Examples

Sample Question Paper (As Per
K Scheme Pattern)

first edition :
sept. 2023
Price :450/
TECHNICAL Vitthal B. Shinde ISBN 978-93-5585-457-5

Vinayak K. Nirmale
PUBLICATIONS
An Up-Thrust for Knowledga
Sachin B. Yede
SINCE 1993

9ll7
89333 gS 4
57S I
Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 1887 - 26 April 1920), a self
taught Indian Mathematician, made profound contributions to
number theory. infinite series and continued fractions. His
collaboration with G.H. Hardy in England led to groundbreaking
insights. including mock theta functions and advances in
partition
theory. Despite his early passing at 32, Ramanujan's legacy
endures
as an inspiration, leaving an
indelible mark on Mathematics with his
prolific theorems and enduring
unsolved
problems.
 Unit - II
**.

Factorization and
5 :
Defactorization

Syllabus
Eactorization and Dejactorization formulae. (without proof).

5:1| Defactorization

Defactorization formula
(Conversion of product into sum or difference)

Example 5.1.1 :
Prove that 1) 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B)

2) 2 cosA· sin B=sin (A +

B)- sin (A-B)
-
3) 2 cos A cos B= cos (A + B) + cos (A B)

–
cos (A + B)
sinA· sin B= cos (A-
2 B)
4)

Solutlon
:
1) Byusing
compound angle formulae, we have
cos A sin B
...(1)
Sin (A + B) = sin A cos B+

- B) = sin A ...2)
B- cos A sin B
•

Sm (A
cos
Now
adding we get
equations (1) and (2),

(5-1)
 Factorization and Defuctoriation
Basic Mathematics 5-2

sin (A + B) = sin A
cos B+ cos A si
+ sin (A
- B) = ·
sin A COS B- cs A sin B
sin (A + B) + sin (A
- B) = 2
sin A · cos B
+ sin (A - B)
sin A cos B = sin (A +B)
2

compound angle formulae, we have

2) By using
+ B) = sin A cos B +
cos A sin B

.1)
sin (A
sin (A -
B) = sin A cos B- cos A sin B
..(2)
we get
Now subtracting equation (1) and (2),
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B +
· cos A •
sin B

sin (A
- B) = sin A
cos B cos A sin B

+
sin (A + B)– sin (A- B) = cos A sin B
2

2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B)– sin (A- B)

3) By using compound angle formulae, we have
cos (A+B) = cos A. cos B - sin A • sin B ...1)
cos (A -B) =
cos A cos ...)
B+ sin A
sin B

Now add equation (1) and (2), we get

cos (A + B) = cos
A cos B sin A · sj - B

+ cos (A- B) = Cos . cos

A B + siA . sin B
cos (A+ B) + cos
(A-B) = 2 cos
A coS B
2 cos A•cos
B= cos A+ B)t cos (A- B)
4) By using compound angle formulae, we
have
cOs (A+ B) =
cOS A• cos
cos (A - B) = B- sin A . sin B ...()
Cos
Acos B + sin A . sin B ...)
TECHNICAL PUBLUCA TIOAN®
 Mathematics 5-3
Basic Factorization and Defactorization

Now, subtracting equation (1) and (2), we

get
cos (A + B) = cos
A gos B- sin A sin B

-
cos (A B)= es · cos +
B sin
A
A sin B

cos (A + B)–
cos (A - B) =
-2 sinA -sin B
cos (A - B) – cos (A+ B) = 2 sin A sin B

2 sin A sin B= cos A-

oww*88008888800ooo80888o
B) - cos (A+ B)
Example 5.1.2 Express :
the following as or difference
Sum of
trigonometric funct ons:

1) 2
sin 70° cos 30° 2) 2 sin 60° cos 20°
3) sin 11°A sin A 4) 2 cos 75° cos 15°

IG Summer 14

21
5) COs7 6) sin 17°- sin 13°
7
7) sin (135°- A) sin (135° + A)

8)4 cos 30 sin 20°

IS MSBTE BTE 81,83, Summer 14,15

Solution :

1) 2sin 70° cos 30°

+
2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) sin (A-
B)

= sin (70° +30°) + sin (70°- 30°)

= sin (100°) + sin (40°)
2
sin 70° cos 30° = sin 100°+ sin 40°
2)2 sin 60° cos
20°
+ + sin (A- B)
2
sin A• cos B = sin (A B)

TECHNICAL PUBLJCATIONs- an up-thrust for knowledge

 Factorization
5-4 and Defactos.
Basic Mathematics
=
sin (60°+ 20°) + sin (60.-20)
= sin 80° + sin 40º
= sin 80°+ sin 40°
2 sin 60° cos
20°O

3) sin 11 A
sin A

Multiply and divide by 2

•
sin 11A
2 sinA
2

2 sin A sin B = cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)

cos (11A- A) - cos (11 Á
+A)
2
cos (10 A)- cos 12 A
2
- cos 12 A]
sin 11 A sin A =cos 10 A

4) 2 cos 75° cos 15°

2 cos A cos B =cos (A+ B) + cos (A -

B)
cos (75° + 15°) + cos (75° - 15")
= cos (90°) + cos
(60°)
1
0+5
2 cos 75° cos 15° =:
s2
5) cos ) cOs (9)
Multiply and divide by 2

Cos
7

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 Mathematics 5-5 Factorization and Defactorization
Basic

2 cos A cos B=cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)

co
-os() +

+ cos cos(- 0) =
cos

COS COS

.
6) sin 17o sin 130

Multiply and divide by 2

={2 sin 17° · sin l3°)

2 sin A
•

sin B = cos (A-B)

– cos (A + B)

={cos
1
(17 - 13)
– cos (17 + 13)

= {cos (4) – cos 30} cos 30°= 2

+
7 cos (4)
1
sin 17° sin 13° = 2 cos 4 4

) sin (135° – A)sin (135° + A)

Multiply and divide by 2

- A) sin (135° + A)}
-;{2 sin (135°

2 sin A· sin B = cos (A-B) – cos (A + B)

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-an up-thrust for knowledge

Basic Mathennatics 5-6 Factoriation and Defactoriization

- cos
fcos (135°-A-135°- A) (135°- A+1350
2

{cos (- -
2A) cos (270°)}

{cos 2A cos (270°) = o

2
-0}

cos 2A

sin (135° -A) sin (135° +

A)= cos
2
2A

8) 4 cos 30° sin 20° LMSBIEOUmmer 15

= 2(2 cos 30° sin 20°)

2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A - B)

= 2{ sin (30°+ 20°) - sin (30° -
20°))
= 2{sin (50°) –
sin 10°
4 cos 30° sin 20° = 2 sin 50° sin 10°] -
Example 5.1.3 :If 2 sin 50° COS 70° = sin A - sin B, find A andB.
IG MSBTE Winter 06, 12
Solution: Given: 2 sin 50°. COS 70° =sin A –
sin B
•.. (1)
On L.H.S. by defactorization formula, we
have
2
sin A
cos B= sin (A+ B) t sin (A B)
Equation (1) becomes
+ + –
sin (50° 70°) sin (50° 70°) =
sin A - sin B

sin 120°+ sin (-20°) = sin A- sin B

sin 120°- sin 20° = sinA- sin B

Sin
(–) =- sin
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS- an up-thrust for knoude
 Mathematics S-7 Factorization and Defuctorization
Basie
on
On
equatingthe terim both sides

sin A = sin 120o and sin B = sin 20°

A = 1200 B = 20°

Example 5.1.4: If2 cos 660° cos 10° =

COS A +
cos B,
then find A
and B.
MSBTE Summer 13

Solution : Given : 2 cos 60° cos 10° = cos A + cos B ... (1)
On L.H.S. by defactorization formula, we have

2 cos A cOs B= cos (A+ B) t cos (A - B)

2 cos 60° cos 10°= cos (60 + 10) + cos (60- 10)

Equation (1) becomes

Cos -
(60+ 10) + cos (60 10) = cos A + cos B
cos (70) + cos (50) = cos A + cos B
On equating the terms on both sides
COs A = cos 700 and cos B = cos (50)

A = 70° B= 50°

EXample 5.1.5: If 2 sin 40° cos 10° = sin A + sin B, then find A and B.

IS MSBTE. Winter 07

= + B ...
Solution:
Given : 2
sin 40° cos 10° sin A
sin (1)
On L.H.S. by defactorization formula, we have

2 sin A cos B = sin (A B) + sin (A-

+
B)
+ 10) + sin (40 – 10)
Z Sin 40° cos 10°= sin (40
Equation (1)
becomes
B
sin(40 + 10) +
10)
=
sinA sin
+
sin (40-
Sin 50+ sin 30
= sinA+ sin B

TECHNICAL PUBLICA TIONS-

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 Factorization and Defactorization
5-8
Basic Mathematics
term on both sides
On equating the
and sin B = sin 30°
sin A = sin 50°
A = 50
B=30

Example 5.1.6: Evaluate sin sinsin 2 - COs 5n• COs 6T

IS MSBTE:91
Solution: Given sin 2
3T
sin 2 - cos 5T •
cOs 6T

Multiply and divide by 2

-H2 sin 37t

2
sin
2 -2 cos 5n cos 6

2
sin A • sin B = - B) – cos (A + B)
COs (A
2 cos A cos B= Cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)

- cos (3 -cos (57 + 6r) + cos (5n - 6r)

- cos -(cos 11+ cos

;[cos (-27t) - cos
5t- (cos 11ln+ cos (- T))]
cos (- ) = cos

2T- cos 5- (cos 11 + cos Tt)

= ;[cos 2r- cos 5r– cos 11-cos TEl cos (n) =

1

-[1--1)-(-1)-(- 1)]
-[1+1+ 4
1 +1]=}=2

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS®
 Mathematics
Basic 5-9 Factorization and Defuctorization
. sin 7
:sin32 cos 57t • cos 6T,
=2
Example 5.1.7: Prove that sin25° cos5° –
cos80°. sin70° =
sin15° sin5°

iS MSBTE April2000

Solution: L.H.S.= sin 25° cos 5° - cos 80°

sin 70°
Multiply and divide by 2

=2 sin 25° - cos 5°-2 cos 80°. sin 70°]

2 sin A cos B= sin (A + B) + sin (A- B)
2 cos A· sin B= sin (A+ B) – sin(A -B)

[sin (25° + 5°) +

sin (25° - 5°)
(sin (80° + 70°) - sin (80° - 70°))
1

[sin 30° + sin 20° -(sin 150°- sin 10)]

sin 30° + sin 20° - sin 150°+ sin

1
= 10°]

= [sin 30° + sin 20° - sin (180° - 30°) + sin 10)

sin (180- 0) = sin 0|

[sin 30° + sin 20° - sin 30° +

sin 10°]

5 Isin 20° + sin 10°]

C+D) (C-D)
Sin
C
+ sin D = 2
sin
2
COS
2

= (20+ 10
2 sin COS

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TECHNICAL PUBLICA TIONs-
 Factorization and1
Basic Mathematics 5- 10 Defactoriution

- H2 cos sin 15°

sin)· cos 5°1

Sin 15°• cos 5°=R.H.S.

cos 10=V3 .

Example 5.1.8 :Prove that 8 sin 20 sin 40

I MSBTENOvember g1

Solution: L.H.S. = 8 sin 20° sin 40° cos 10°

= 4{2 sin 20° sin 40°} cos 10°

2 sin A sin B = cos (A- B) - cos (A + B)

-
= 4{cos (20° – 40°) cos (20 + 40°)} cos 10°
= 4{cos (- 20°) -
cos 60°} cos 10
= 4{cos 20° cos 10° cos 60° cos 10 -
= 4 cos 20° cos 10°
- cos (- ) = cos
COS 0

= 22 cos 20° -·
cos 10° -2, cos
|2 cos A
cos B= cos (A+ B) + cos (A -
B) |
= 2
fcos (20° + 10°) + cos (20°- 10°) – cos 10°}
= 2
{cos 30° + cos 10° -cos 10°

= 2(cos 30°}
Cos 30o 2

2-3= RH.S.
8 sin 20° sin 40° cos
10° =3
Example 5.1.9 : Show that cos
20° - cos 40° cos 80° = 1

Solution: L.H.S. =
cos 20° cos 40° cos
Multiply and divide by 2 80°

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
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 Mathematics 5- 11 Factorization and Defactorization
Basie

{2 cos 20° cos 40° cos

80°
1
7{Cos (20 +40)+ cos (20°-40)} cos
80°
2 cos A cos B= cos (A+ B)+ cos (A -
B)

= {cos 60° + cos (- 20)} cos 80°

= Scos 60° cos 80° + cos 20° cos 80°

cos (- 6) = cos

cos 80° + cos 20° cos 80° COs 60° =

2

Multiply and divide by 2

11[ 1
cos 80°+ 2 cos 20°- cos 80°
2
1

fcos 80°+ cos (20°+ 80°) + cos (20°- 80°)}

4
-
cos A cos B= cos (A+ B)+ cos (A
B)
2

cos (- 60°)}
fcos 80° + cos (100°) +
4
80°+ cos (180° - 80°) +
cos 60)}
{cos
4
cos (180° - 0) =- cos 0
COs (- )= cos

cos 80° + cos 60°}

=fcos
4
80°-
- fcos 60°}
=

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TECHNCAL PUBLICATIONS
 Basic Mathematics 5-12 Factorization and Defactoriution

1
.'. cos 20° cos 40° cos 80° =

-
Example 5.1.10: Prove that cos 10° cos 50° cos 70 =

IS MSBTE December 89
Winter 06

L.H.S. = cos 10 cos 50 cos 70

: ·
Solution
Multiply and divide by 2

=(2 cos 10· cos 50} cos 70

2
1
¿Scos
2
(10+ 50) + cos (10-50)} cos 70°

2 cos A cos B= Cos

(A +
B) + cos (A -B)
1

7{cos 60° + cos (-40°)} cos 70°

- fcos 60° cos 70° + cos

40°· cos 70°}

cos (-0) = cos

-6
Multiply and divide by 2
cos 70° + cos
40° cos
cos 60°=;2

cos
70°+2cos 40° cos
{cos 70°+2 cos
4 40° cos
70°}
{cos 70° + cos
4 (40° + 70°) + cos
(40°- 70)}
2 cos A cos
B= cos (A +
B) t cos
(A- B)

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 Mathematics 5- 13
Rasie Factoriation and Defactorization
- fcos 70° + cos 110° + cos
4 (- 30°)}

cos (180° - ) =- cos

Scos 70t+ cos (180°-70°) +t cos 30 cos (-0) =
cos |
4
1

4
{cos 70°- cos 70° + cos 30°}
=
{cos 30°} =R.H.S.
4 4 2 8

.. cos 10 cos 50° cos 70° 3

8

Example 5.1.11 : Prove that sin 20° sin 40°. sin 60°. sin 80° = 3
16
IMSBTE Summer 11 Winter 08
13,15
10,11,

L.H.S, = sin 20° sin 40° sin 60° sin 80°

.
Solution:

= sin 20 sin 40° •

sin 80o sin 60° = 2
2

Multiply and divide by 2

(2 sin 20° sin 40°} sin 80°

2 2

2 sin A sin B = cos (A - B) – cos (A + B)

{cos (20°
- -
40°) cos (20°+ 40} sin 80°
4

cos (-20) - cos 60°} sin 80° cos (-0) =

cos
4

4 |Cos 20°
- sin 80° cOs 60° = 2

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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONs
 5-14 Factorization and Defactorization
Basic Mathematics
so
20° sin 80° - sin
-
V2cos
4
Multiply and divide by 2
1
V3 80
P2
4
cos 20° - sin 80° -2
sin
2

2 cos A
•
sin B= sin (A + B) - sin (A- B)

{sin (20° +
80°) - sin (20°- 80°) - sin 80°}
8

8
{sin 100°- sin (-60°)- sin 80°} sin (-0)=- sin

sin (180°- 80)+ sin 60° - sin 80°

{sin 80° + sin 60°- sin 80°

8

{sin 60°} =
8 sin 60° 2

8 2 16RH.S.
sin 20° • sin 40°•sin 60° sin
80°=3
16
Example 5.1.12: Prove
that cos 20° Cos 40° cOs
60°. cos 80° =16
IT MSBTE Novemnber
1986, Winter
2014017 S n18

Solution: L.H.S. = cos

20°. COs 40 • cos cos 80
60°
Cos 20o COs 1
40o •
cos 80°
Multiply and divide by 2

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS®
 Mathematics 5- 15
Basic Factorization and Defuctorization
cos 20°. cos
-;{2 40°} cos 80°

2 cos A•cos B= cos (A +

B) + cos (A - B)
|| fcos (20° + 40) + cos (20° 40°)} cos -
80°
1

= {cos (60°) + cos (-20°)} cos 80°

4 COS 60° =

-cos cos 80°

= cos 80° + cos 20° cos

Multiply and divide by 2

= 2:; 7 COs
80°+2 cos 20° cos

2 cos A · cos B= cos (A+ B) + cos (A- B)

=
8
fcos 80° + cos (20°+ 80°) + cos (20°- 80°)}
1
ö
cos 80°+ cos 100° + cos (-60°)} cos (-) = cos 0

=fcos 80 + cos (180° - 80°) + cos 60°

cos (180°- 0) =- cos

1
cos60°}
=(cos 80°- cos
+
80°

= cos 60° =
(cos 60°} 2
8

=
8'2-6= R.H.S.
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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONs-
 Factorization and
Basic Mathematics 5-16 Defactorization

cos 40° cos 60°• cos 80°

=

coS 20 16

cos 15° cos 30° COs 60° cos 75 V3

Example 5.1.13: Prove that 16

cos 600
Solution: L.H.S.
= cos 15° cos 30° COs 750

= COs 15° cos 750

22
Cos 15o • cos
75So
4

Multiply and divide by 2

cos 15° cos 75°
422
= cos (A +
B) + cos (A - B)
|2 cos A cos B
+ cos (15°- 75°)}
= {cos (15°+ 75°)

(cos 90°+ cos (- 60°)}

8

= fcos 90°+ cos 60°

8

cos 15°• cos 30° cos 60° cos 750=

16

Example 5.1.14: Prove that sin 10° Sin 30° sin 50°. sin 70°
=
1
16
: Winter 16
IG MSBTE

L.H.S.
=
sin 10° sin 30° sin 50° Sin 70°
Solution:

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS.- an up-thrusttfor knowledge

 Mathematics 5- 17
Basie Factorization and Defuctorization

= sin
10°.2 sin 50° • sin 70°
sin 30° =
1

1 1
= {2 sin 10° sin 50°} sin 70°

2 sin A sin B= cos (A - B)– cos (A +

B)|

4
fcos (10- 50°) - cos (10° + S0°)} sin 70°
1
= {cos (- 40°) – cos (60°)} sin 70°
4

cos 40°- sin 70° cos 60°=2

1

=
icos 40 sin 70-sin
2
Multiply and divide by 2
1 1 cos ·
sin 70°}
=752 40° sin 70° -2·
|2 cos A sin B = sin (A +
B) - sin (A -B)|
1
{sin (40° + 70°)- sin (40°-70°)- sin 70°}

{sin 110°- sin (-30°) - sin 70°

{sin (180- 70°) + sin 30- sin 70°} sin (-0) =-sin

sin (180°- 0) = sin 0

1

=
sin 70° + sin 30°- sin 70°}

-{sin 30°) =
16

=
sin 10° • sin 30° sin 50°- sin 70° 16

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 Factorization and
Basic Mathematics 5-18 Defactoriaton

sin 11x: sin x+ sin 7x· sin 3x =

Example 5.1.15: Prove that cos 11x sin x + cos 7x sin 3x tan 8x
r MSBTE becember&0

sin 1lx sin

x
t sin 7x sin 3x
=
L.H.S, cos 11X Sin x cos 7x sin 3x
Solution: t
Multiply and divide by 2
7x sin 3y
•

2 sin 11x sin

x
t 2 sin

sin x+2 cos 7x sin

3y
2 cos 1lx

- B) – cos (A+ B)
2 sin A sin B = cos (A
2
- B)
cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A

{cos (11x
-
x) - cos
(11x x)} + fcos
+
(7x-3x) - cos (7x + 3x)

- + - (7x -3x)}
{sin (1lx+ x) - sin (1lx x)} + {sin (7x 3x) sin

fcos 10X- cos 12x} + fcos 4x cos 10x} -

=
{sin 12x- sin 10x} + {sin 10x sin 4x} -
-
cos 10x cos 12x + cos 4x – cos 10x
sin 12x - sin 10x+ sin 10xX– sin 4x
-
cos 4x cos 12x
sin 12x- sin 4x

cos cos D =2 sin C+D

C- 2

D = 2 cos
(C+D\
sin C -sin 2 Sin

(4x + 12x (12x- 4x

2 sin sin
2 2
(12x + 4x (12x - 4x
2 cos 2
sin
2

- an
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 Mathematics
Basic S- 19 Factorization and Defuctorization

2 sin Sin

2 cos
16x
2 sin

2 sin 8x sil4x
2 cos 8x sin4*

sin 8x sin
COs 8x = tan
cos
= tan 8x = R.H.S.
sin 11x• sin x + sin 7x sin 3x
cos 11x sin x + cos 7x sin 3x tan 8x

Exercise
ExpresS as sum or difference
1) 2
sin 50
·
sin 70 [Ans. : cos 20 - cos 120]

2) 2 cos 90- sin 50 [Ans. : sin 140- sin 401

3) 2 cos 6 cos 20 |Ans. : cos 80 - cos 40 ]

4) 2 sin 110 · sin 30 |Ans. : cos 80- cos 140 ]

cos 30 t cos
:
5) cos 20 cos [Ans. 2

cos (60° + A) cos (60° •

- A) 1.1
[Ans. :7t,cos 2A ]
6)

: [cos x - cos (2n + 1)x ]

1) sin(n-1)x sin nx |Ans.

8) cos 60° cos 10° [Ans. :cos 70° + cos 50° ]

9) 2 sin
[Ans. : sin 12 + sin 2
COS
3 4

TECHNICAL
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 5-20 Factorization
Basic Mathematies and Defuctoriution

10) sin n cos (n- 1)0 LAns. : [sin (2n - 1)8+sinAu

:
11) sin (n + 1) sin (n- 1)7 [Ans.
3-Cos 2nn
12) 4 cos 20° sin 30° LAns. : 2|sin
50°+sin 10°1
3T
13) cos Cos IAns. : 8 + cOS
7 7 2

Show that
=
1) sin + sin sin sin 2A•sin 5A

2) sin 18° · cos 39° + sin 6 · cos 15° = sin 24 cos 33°

3) cOS X COs 7x - cos 3x COS 11x= sin 4x sin 10x •

4) sin (45° + A) · sin (45° – A) =

cos 2A

5) cos 70° cos 50°+ sin 100°

sin 20° Cos 50°
2
6) cos 2x cos 9x
7-cos 3x•cos = sin 5x sin 5x
2 2
Prove that

1) sin 20° sin 40° sin 80° =

8 and
deduce sin 20° sin 3
40° sin 60° sin 80°
16
2) cos 40° cos
80° cos 160o
3) 4 cos 18° cos
42° cos 78° = Cos
4) cos .cos
Cos cos?37
54°

6 8

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An
 Mathematics 5-21
Rasie Factorization and Defactorization

5)
sin 20° sin 40° sin 80°
=
1
A
sin 12° sin 48° sin 54°

) sin 10° cos 40° cos 20° =

cos 10° cos 50° cos 70°

8)
8
=3 IS MSBTE 89

9) sin 36°sin 72° sin 108° sin 144°

16

IT MSBTE: November 94
10) tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78° =]
11) sin 15° sin 30° sin 60° sin 750
16

12) cos 6° cos 42° cos 66° cos 78° = al

16

13) cos 7° cos 14° cos 28° cos 56°

al-
=I sin 68°
16 cos 83°
14) cos 3Tt
CoS
9
•
COS
9 cos

Prove that
x ·
1) sin 2x + sin 3x sin 6x
Sin
Sin x cos 2x + sin 3x cos
• = tan 5x
6x
Cos 3A •
2) sin 9A- sin A · cos 5A
Cos A cos 5A
sin 3A sin 9A - tan 8A

3) Sin 80 cos
sin 60 cos 36-
COs 29 cos cos 30 cos 4 - cot 50
COS -
8A• cos 5A cos 12A · cos 9A
= tan 4A
SIn 8A cos 5A+ cos 12A
sin 9A

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-an up-thrust for knowledge

Basic Mathenatics 5-22 Factorization
and | Defuctoriutoa

5.2 Factorization
00000090o00.

Factorization formulae (Conversion of sum or difference

in
products)

Example 5.2.1 :
1) sin C + sin D =2 sin

2) sin C- sin D =2 cos () sin()

3) cos C + cos D=2 cos
() •
COS

4) cos - cos
D=2sin ()- (9 sin

OR

cOs C- COs D -2 sin

MSBTEWitoiaSummer13, 14

Solution
1) By using compound angle formulae, we have
... (1)
sin (A + B) = sin A ·cos B + cos A sin B
.

-
sin (A B) = sin A cos B- cos A sin B ...2)
Now add equation (1) and (2), we get

sin (A + B) = sin A · cos B + cos A Sin B

+ sin (A– B) =F SIn A :
Cos B- cos A sin B
sin (A + B) + sin (A - B) = 2
sinA cos B *.. (3)

A+B = C *..(4)
Put
= D ... (6)
And A-B
-
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS® an up-thrust for knowledge
 Mathematics
Bosic 5-23
Factorization
and Defuctorizution
On adding equation (4)
On subtracting
and equation (5) equation (4)
= equation (5) and
A+B C
K+B = C
+A-B= D
X-B - D
2A = C+ D
2B = C-D
A tD
B =
Dting the value
of A, B, (A + B)and (A - B) in equation
(3), we get
sinC + sin D = 2
2) By using
sincos)
compound angle formulae, we have
sin (A + B) = sin A ·cos B + cos ... (1)
A sin B

sin (A -
B) = sin ·
Á cos B- cos A· sin B ... (2)
Now subtracting equation
(1) and (2), we get
sin (A t+ B) = sin A · cosB + cos A sin B

- B) =
sin (A siA cosB- cos A• sin B

Sin (A + B) – sin (A - B) = 2 cos A sin B ... (3)

Put
A+B = C .. (4)
And ... (5)
A- B = D
On adding equation
and equation
(4) On subtract equation (4) and
(5) equation (5)
A+B = C Å+B
= C

A-B = D A-B = D

2A = C+D 2B = C- D

TECHNICAL PUBLICA TIONS-an up-thrust for knowledge

Basic Mathematics 5-24 Factorization
and Defactorizat
D
C+
A = 2
B=

Putting the value of A, B, (A + B) and (A - B) in equation (3), we ger

sin C- sin D = 2 cos sn()

we have
.3) By using compound angle formula,

cos (A + B) = cos A • cOs B - sin A sin B

..()
Cos (A - B) = cos A cos B+ sin A sin B
..(2)

Now adding equation (1) and (2), we get

·
cos (A + B) = cos A cosB- sin
A

siB
cos (A -B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

cos (A +
B) + cos (A - B) = 2 cosA ·
cos B ...3)

Put A+B =C .9
= D
And A-B
On adding equation (4) On subtract equation (4) and
and equation (5) equation (5)

A+B = C A+B = C

A-B = D A-B = D

2A = C+D
2B = C-D
C+ D
A = 2
B =
C-D|

Puttingthe value of A, B, (A+ B) and (A- B) n equation (3). we get

cos
cos C t cos D =
|

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TECHNICAL
 Mathematics 5-25
Basic Factorization and Defuctorization

4) By
using compound angle formula, we have

cos (A + B) = cos A cos

B- sin A · sin B .. (1)
cos (A -
B) = cos A • cos B +
sin A sin B ...(2)
Now subtracting equation (1)and (2), we get

cos (A +
B) = cOs A çes B- sin A· sin B

+ cos (A - B) = Cos A cos B + sin A •

sin B

cos (A + B) – cos(A- B) = -2 sin A

sin B ... (3)

Put A
+B =C •.. (4)
A-B = D ... (5)

On adding equation (4) On subtract equation (4) and

and equation (5)
equation (5)

A+B = C A+B = C

A -B = D A-B = D
+

2A = C+D 2B = C-D

A =
C+D
B=
-C-D
2 2

tng the value of A, B. (A + B) and (A - B) in equation (3), we get

cos C- cos D =-2 sin ( sin (
OR cos D= sin
2
cos C-

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-an up-thrust for knowledge

 5-26 Factorization
Basic Mathematics and DefactoriAtan

Example 5.2.2: Express into product form and evaluate.

100° + sin 50°
1)sin 5)sin 80°- cos 700

2) sin 80° - sin 50° 6) cos 40° - cos (-10°)

3) cos3
13
+ COS
13
4) cos 2r -cos IMSBTE Winterba
7

:
Solution
1) sin 100°+ sin 50°

sin C + sin D = 2 sin

(100 - 50)
= 2 sin 100+ 50 COS
2 2
(50)
= 2
sin COS

= 2
sin 75° cos 25°

2) sin 80° - sin 50°

sin C- sin D = 2 cos Sin

cos
(80°+ 50 80°- 50)
=2 2 Sin 2

= 2 coS (130) sin 300

2
= 2 cos (65)° sin 15°

7 cos
3) cos+
6

13 13

cos C
+ cos D= 2 cOs

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONs an up-thrust for knowledge

 JMatlhematics 5-27 Factorization and Defactorization
Basic
(7
=2 cos \13
13)
• COs
-9) 13

2 2
(13r7
13 13
=2 coS
2 COs

= 2 cos COS -o|

COS
(26
= cos
2·0 =0

5Tt
4) 2
cOs7 COS
7

cos cos D = 2
sin
(C+D
C- l 2
(2T6
7
2r 7
7 7
=2 sin
2
sin 2

7T
= 2
sin
7
sin

= 2
sin Sin sin(3=1|

-2-1-sa 14) -2 sin()

5)sin 80° - cos 70°
= sin 80° - cos (90° - 20°)

cos (90- 0) = sin

= sin 80°- sin 20°

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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-
 5- 28 Factorizution
Basic Mathematics and. Defactoriato

(C+ D
sin D = 2 cos sin D
sin C- 2

= 80+ 20
2
coS 2 sin

=
100
2
coS sin

= 2 cos 50 sin 30°

6) cos 40° - cos (-10°)

= COS 40°- cos 10° cos (- ) = cos 6

cos C - cos D =2 sin

= (40°+ 10°) (10°- 40)

2
sin sin
2 2

= 2 sin (50° sin

30°
2 2

= 2 sin 25° sin

(- 15°)
sin (- 0)=- sint

=-2 sin 25° sin 15°

-
Example 5.2.3 :Express as product sin 99° sin 810
winter 08
ISS MSBTE

Solution: We use factorization formula.

sin C- sin D = 2 cos

- sin 81° = 2 cos sin

/99°-81°)
sin 99°

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS8. an up-thrust for knowledge

-
 Mlathematics 5- 29 Factorization and Defuctorizution
Basie
1800\
=2 cos
2 sin
- 2 cos (90°)· sin (9) ..cos 90° = 0|
= 2• (0)· sin 9°

sin 99°- sin 81° = 0

Example 5.2,4 : If 2
COs 60° COs 10° =
COs A +
cOs B. then findA and B

S MSBTE: Summer 13
Solution: Given : 2 cos 60° cos 10° = cos A +
cos B ... (1)
On R.H.S. by using factorization formulae, we have
cOs C
t cos D= 2
cos

Equation (1) becomes

(A+BP\cos
2 cos 60° cos 10° = 2 cos
2

On equating the terms on both sides

= Cos 10°
COS = Cos 60° COS

(A+ B A-B = 10
2 60 2
... (3)
= 20
A+B = 120 (2) A-B
Add equation
(2) and (3)
= 120
A +B

+A -B = 20
2A = 140

knowledge
TIONS® - an up-thrust for
Basic Mathematics 5-30 Factorization
and Defactoorizaton
A = 70

Put A = 70 in equation (2)

70 + B = 120

B = 120°- 70°
B = 50o

Example 5.2.5: Find a and B if sin 80° + sin 50° = 2 sin a cos B
SMSBTE Mavpi
y84

Solution: Given: sin 80°+ sin 50° = 2 sin & cos B

On L.H.S. by factorization formula, we
...)
have
sin C+ sin D = 2 sin

Equation (1) becomes

2 sin
80°+ 50 (80° 50)
2 COS = 2 sin 4 cos B
2

2 sin coS = 2
sin •
cos B

2 sin 65° . cos 15° = ·

2 sin cOs B
On equating the terms on both sides,
Sin . = sin 65° and Cos B = cos 15°
a = 65°
Evamole 5.2.6 B= 15°
:lf2 sin 40 coS 10 = sin A +
sin B. find A andB

s
IS MSBTE Winter 01

Solution: Given:2 sin 40° cos 10° =

sin A + .. (1)
On R.H.S. by sin B

factorization formula, we
have

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an up-thrust
for
 Mathematics S- 31 Fuctorization and Defuctorlzation
Basic

sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos

Equation (1) becomes

2 sin 40° cos 10° = 2 sin A+B

cos

On equating the terms on both sides

B
A+ = sin
2
40 cos = cos 10°

= 40 A-B = 10
2
A

+B = 80 (2 A-B = 20
... (3)
Add equation (2) and (3)

A+B = 80
B
= 20
A-
2A = 100
100
A= 2

A = 50
Put A = 50 in equation (2), we get
50 + B = 80
B = 80- 50
B = 30

CXample 5.2.7
:
Prove without use of tables
cos 70°=V3 cos 80°
sin 40°-
Solution: L.H.S. = sin 40°- cos 70°

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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-
 Factorization and
Basic Muthematics 5-32 Defactoriation

-
= sin 40°- cos (90° 20°)

= sin 40° sin 20° cos

(90-)=sin A

=
(40°+ 20) (40°- 20)
2 cos sin
2 2

Sin C - sin D = 2 cos

(C+
2
D

sin /D)
2

= 2 cos sin

= 2 cos 30° sin 10° cos 30° =

3
2

2 2 sin (90° - 80)

=V3 cos 80° R.H.S.

sin 40°- cos 70° = V3 cos 80°

Example 5.2.8 Prove without use of tables

:

cOs 35° + cos 85° + cos 155° e 0

Solution: L.H.S. = cos 35° + cos 85° + cos 155°

(C+ D
cos C
+ cos D = 2
cos

35°+ 850 35°-85o)

= 2cos COS tcos 155°
2 2

= 2 cos coS + cos 155°

= 2 cos (60°) cos (-25) + cos 155°

cos 60°=5

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-an up-thrust for knowlede

 NMathematics 5-33 Factoriation and Defactorization
Basie

=
2, cos (25) + cos (180°- 250)

= COS 25 - cos 25 cos (-0) =-cos

= =R.H.S.
+ cos 85° +
cos 155° =0
.cos 35o

Example 5.2.9
:
Without using tables, Prove that
sin 10 + sin 50° - sin 80 + sin 140° =y2 sin 250

Solution :
L.H.S. = sin 10° + sin 50°- sin 80 +
sin 140°
Rearranging the terms

(sin 10°+ sin 50°) + (sin 140°- sin 80°)

sin C + sin D = 2 sin

C+ D cos )
2
C+ D)
sin C- sin D=2 cos sin
2

= 2 sin (10°+
500 (10°- 50)
2
cos 2

140°+ 80\
+2 cos 2
sin

40)
.
sin cos +2cos sin

cos (110) sin (30)

= 2 sin (30°) cos (- 20) + 2
=
sin 30
= 2 sin 30° cos 20 + 2 cos (110) sin 30°

= 2 cos 20° + 2 cos (110)·§

2

* Cos 20°+ cos 110

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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS-
Basic Mathematics 5-34 Factorization,
and Defuctorlzation
(C+D
cos C +t cos D = 2 cos Cos

Again use factorization formula

(20°- 110°)
cos 20°+
110°)
= 2
COS

= 2 cos (cos 2
90
2
= 2 cos (65) · cos (- 45)

= 2 cos (90- 25) · cos 45 cOs (90- ) = sin |

= 2
sin 25 cos 45°
·
cos 450

= 2
sin 25 =y2 sin 25°

Example 5.2.10: Prove without use of tables

cos 20 + cOs 60 + cos 100 + cos 140 =

Solution:

L.H.S. = cos 20 + cos 60° + cos 100+ cos 140

cos 100°+ 140) (100°- 140)
= cos 20°
++2 2 COs
2
= cos 20°
++2 cos (240\ Cos
2 2
= cos 20° cos (120) cos (-20) cos
++2
2 (- 0) = cos t

COS
s 20°+5+2( cos 20 cos 120=

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS®.- an
up-thrust for knowledge
 Mathematics 5-35 Factorization and Defuctoriution
Basic

= COs 200 COs 20o =R.H.S.

COS 20
+
cOS 60 +
cos 100 +
cos 140 =

Example 5.2.11: Prove that

sin 19° + cos 11o
COs 19°- sin 11° =3
Solution:

sin 19°+ cos 11° sin A = Cos (90--A)

L.H.S. = co:
1°- sin 11 -
sin 19°= cos (90 19) = cos 71°
cos 71° + cos 11° cos A = sin (90- A)
-
sin 71° sin i1° cos 19° = sin (90° - 19) = sin 71°|

11Y
(71+ (71- 11

2 cos cos 2

2 cos sin

(C+ D

+ cos D cos
COs C

=2 2

sin C - sin D=2cos Sin

2 cos COS

82 60
2 cos Sin

2 cos 41 cos 30 ·

·
2 cos 41 sin 30
cos 30°
= cot 30°
Sin 30°
V3 = R.H.S.
knowledge
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ihiGAL
 Basic Mathenatics 5-36 Factoriation and Defactoriution

sin 19O + cos 110

cos 19°- sin 11 =3
sin 80 +t
sin 20 =
:
Example 5.2.12 Prove that COs 80 : tan 50
+ cos 20
MSBTE May
90, Nov. 93, June 94

Solution :
The problem based on factorization formula,
sin 80 t sin 20
L.H.S, =
cos 80+ cos 20

(C+D
sin C
+ sin D= 2 sin COS
2

80+ 20 80- 20
2 sin 2
COS
2
80+ 26 (80 - 20)
2 cos 2
COS
2

COs C t cos D=2 cos P). co D

100 60
2
sin 2
•
COS

100
2 cos COS
9)
2

sin 5 cos 30
2
sin 50 sin = tan t
2 cos 50· cos 30 Cos 50 Cos
= tan 59 = R.H.S.

: sin 3A - sin A
Example 5.2.13 : Prove that = tan A
COs 3A + cos A

IS MSBTE Summer0
Solution: The problem based on factorization formula.
 Mathematics 5-37 Factorization and Defactorization
Basic

sin 3A - sin A
L.H.S. =
cos 3A+ cos A

sin C- sin D=2cos sin(D)

(3A + A) (3A- A
2 cos sin
2

2 cos cOs

cos C
t cos D = 2 cos (C+D) cos
2

2 cos sin

2 cos COS

2 cos 2A · sin A
2 cos 2A · cos A

sin A sin = tan O

COS A COs

tan A
= R.H.S.
-
sin 3A sin A
= tan A
cos 3A + cos A

+ sin 2A =
Example 5.2.14 : Prove sin 3A
that : COs 3A + cos 2A tan

Solution: The
problemn based on factorization formula,

L.H.S, = sin 3A+ sin 2A

Cos 3A + cos 2A

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TGCHNICAL PUBLIÇATIONS
 Factorization
Basic Mathematics 5-38 and Defactorizatio

C+D\
sin C + sin D = 2 sin • COs

(3A + 2A) (3A - 2A

2 sin 2
COS
2

2coscosSA-24),
3A + 2A 2

cos Ct cos D =2 cos/D.cos-D

-2 cos

5A) A
2 sin(

2 cos COS

5A
Sin 2 sin 0
tan 9|
Cos
COS

= tarn =R.H.S.

sin 3A t sin 2A =
tan
COs 3A + cos 2A

sin 7x + sin
x
= sin2x - cos 2x cot x
Example 5.2.15 Prove that COs 5X-
:
COs 3x
1
IST MSBTE:April 91, Dec.- 87, Summer 93, 07. 14. Winter

on factorization formula.
Solution: The problem based
sin 7x t sin x
L.H.S. cos 5x- cos 3x
(C+D
sin C + sin D=2 sin 2 COs
Basic Jlathematics
5-39 Factorization
and Defactorization
Tx + x\
2 sin
COs
(7x-X
2
2 5x + 3X - 5x
sin2 sin 3x
2
Cos C
- cos D=2sin Sin D-C
2
2
sin 8x cos
2
2 sin 4X cos 3x
2 Sin
sin (x 2
si 4x sin (- x)
2)sin
cos 3x
Sin x Sin (- ) =- sin 0|
Put 3x = 2x + x

L.H.S. =
cos (2x + x)
Cos 2x cos
Sin x
X- sin 2X •
sin x

sin x
|Cos (A +
B) = cos A cos B
sin A sin B
Cos 2x cOS X
sin 2x ·

- sin x sin#
- Sin

=- cos 2x cot x +
Sin 2x Cos
Sin 0
=
-
sin 2x cos 2x • Cot x
sin 7x t sin x
cos 5x cos3x = sin 2x - cos 2x• cot x

Example 5.2.16:
Prove that
COs 3A - cos 7A
2Atan 4A - sin 2A
=
COs
sin 9A + sin A
IS MSBTE November 97
Solution
: The problem based on factorization formula.

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - an up-thrust for knowledge

 Factorization and.
Basic Mathematics 5-40 Defuctoriation

(3A + 7A
-2 sin 2 Sin
cos3A- cos 7A
L.H.S. = sin 9A + sin A (9A +A)
tA) (9A-AY
2 sin COS
2

+ D

cos D =-2 sin sin

cOs C- 2

sin C+ sin
D =
2 sin cos

10A
-2 sin 2
Sin
-2sir 5A sin (- 2A)
28in5A cos 4A
(10A
2 sin COS
2
- sin 2A]
sin (- 0) =- sin |
COs 4A
sin 2A
cos 4A

Put 2A = 4A -2A
sin (4A -2A)
=
sin 4A cos 2A
· - cos 4A sin 2A

cos 4A cos 4A

sin (A - B)= sin A · cos B - cos A .

sin B|
sin 4A cos 2A cos 4A sin 2A ·•

cos 4A cos 4A

sin 9 = tan
COs

=
tan 4A · cos 2A- sin 2A
= R.H.S.
cos 3A -
cos 7A
= cos 2A tan 4A – sin 2A
sin 9A + sin A
 Mathematics 5-41 Factorization and Defuctorization
Basic

Example 5.2.17: Prove that

sin 8X- SIn x =
COs 7X + cos 6x
sin x + cos X tan,
I MSBTE Si
SuMmer 13 15

Solution :
The problem based on factorization formula.
-
sin 8x sin 5x
LH.S. = COS 7x + cos
6x

sin C - sin D=2 cos (C+D) Sin 2

cos 8x + 5x 8x -5x
2 2 Sin
2
Tx + 6x (7x-6x
2 cos 2 cOs
2

(C+D
cOs Ct cos D=2 cos 2
cos

2,cost (3x
Sin 2
13*
2 çost 2 cOS

Sin

cOS

3x X
Put 2
=x+
Sinx +
L.H.S. =
COS

on unthrust forknowledge
 Fuctorization and Defuctoriution
Basic Mathematics 5-42
X X
Sin
x
CoS + cos x
sin,
2
X
CoS 2

sin (A + B)= sin A • cos B+ cos A sin B

X
coS X• Sin ,
X
x
sin Cos

X X
cos7 COS
2

Sin 0
= sin x + cos x tan ,
X
= tan 9)
COs

= R.H.S.
-
sin 8x sin 5x X
sin X+ cos X• tan 2
=

cos 7x t cos 6x

A+ +
Example 5.2.18 :
Prove that sin + sin 3A + sin 5A
COS A cos 3Acos 6A =an 3A
S MSBTE November 98,95
Solution :
The problem based on factorization
formula,
sin A + sin 3A + sin 5A
L.H.S.
Cos A t cos 3A + cos 5A
Rearranging the term's

sin C+ sin D=2 sin

Pcos
cos Ct cos D
=2 cos Cos
2
sin A + sin 5A +
sin 3A
cOs A + cos
5A + cos 3A
 DMathematics 5-43 Factoriation and Defuctorization
Basic
(A+5A A-5A +
2 sin COS sin 3A
2 2
(A+5A
2 cos Cos + cos 3A
2

6A 4A
2
sin COS + sin 3A

4A)
2 cos cos + cos 3A

2 sin 3A·cos (- 2A) + sin 3A

2 cos 3A cos (- 2A) + cos 3A

Taking sin 3A common from numerator and cos 3A common from

Denominator.
sin 3A (2 cos
2A)
cos 3A (2-cos 2A+ 1)

sin 3A sin =
tan
Cos 3A cos

= tan 3A =R.H.S.
sin A + sin 3A + sin 5A =
cOs A
cos 3A + cos 5A
tan 3A

+ 6A = tan 5A
sin 4A ++ sin 5A sin
Example 5.2.19: Prove that cos 4A cos +t
5A cOs 6A
Winter 08, 14, 17, Summer
15,
16, 17
MSBTE,
IT
formula.
Solution: The problem based on factorization
+ sin 6A
sin 4A + sin 5A cos 6A
L.H.S. = cos 4A + cos 5A +

Rearranging the terms

6A + sin 5A
sin 4A+ sin + cos 5A
cos 4A + cos 6A

knowledge
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UDCAL
 Fuctorization and
5-44 Defactoriation
Basic Mathematics

sin C + sin D

cos C
+ cos D

(4A + 6A
= 2 sin

=2cos
(cos

COS
2

(4A - 6A
coS -
+ sin 5A
2 sin 2 2

(4A + 6A cos (4A-

6A
+ cos 5A
2 cos 2
2
10A) -2A + sin 5A
2 sin COS
2

2 cos
(10A)
2
cos) + cos 5A
+
2
sin 5A cos (-A) sin 5A
2cos
5A cos (-A) +
cos 5A

common numerator and cos 5A common from

Taking sin 5A from
Denominator.
sin 5A (2 cosA+ cos (-0)= cos
cos 5A (2 cosAtj
sin 5A
cos 5A
Sin 0
= tan |
tan 5A COs

= R.H.S.
sin 4A + sin 5A+ sin 6A =
tan 5A
cos 4A + cos 5A + c0s 6A

sin A + 2 sin 2A + sin 3A = tan (2A)

Example 5.2.20: Prove that COS A

+2 cos 2A + cOS 3A
Winter 2010. Summer2014
I MSBTE

Sin A +2sin 2A + sin 3A

L.H.S. =
Solution: COs A +2 cos 2A + cos 3A
 Mathematics 5-45
Basic Factorization and Defuctoriution

Rearranging the terms

sin A + sin 3A
cos A t cos +2 sin 2A
3A +2 cos 2A

sin C + sin D=2sin Pcos-D

cos C cos C+ D
t D
=2 cos 2 Cos

2 sin A+3A (A-3A

2 COS
2 +2 sin 2A
2 cos
(A-3A
COS
2 +2 cos 2A

2
(4A 2A
sin cos +2 sin 2A
2

2 cos cos +2 cos 2A

2 sin2A · cos (- A)
+2 sin 2A
2 cos 2A cos(- A) +2 cos 2A

Iakng 2
sin 2A common from numnerator and 2 cos 2A common
from Denominator.

1]
2
sin 2A [cos A+
2 cos 2A [cos A + 1]

sin 2A sin 9 =
tan |
Cos 2A cos

= tan 2A

SIn +2 sin 2A + sin 3A

A

COs A + 2 cos + cos

=tan 2A
2A 3A

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 Fuctorization and
Basic Mathematics 5-46 Defactorizaton

:
Example 5.2.21 Prove that
COs 2A +2 cos 4A + cos 6A cOs A -
tan 3A sin A

cos 3A COS 54 +
COS A

+2
I MSBTE . Summer
immer96 97,08,12,Winter 07, 11,13, B.TER
cos 2A+2 cos 4A + cos 6A
Solution: L.H.S. = cos A +2 cos 3A + cos 5A

Rearranging the terms

cos 4A
(cos 2A + cos 6A) + 2
cos 3A
(cos A t cos 5A) +2

cOs C

t cos D=2 cos (C+) coS C-D

2
2

(2A + 6A (2A – 6A
2 cos COS 2
+2 cos 4A
(A+ 5A A- 5A)
2 cos 2
COS +2 cos 3A
8A (-4A)
2 cos cos 2 +2 cos 4A
6A 4A
2 cos Cos 2 +2 cos 3A
2 cos 4A cos (-2A)
+ 2 cos 4A
=

2 cos 3A cos (-2A) +2 cos 3A

Taking 2 cos 4A comimon from numerator and 2 cos 3A

commo

from denominator.
2 cos 4A (cos2A
+) = cos t
2cos
3A (cos 2At1) cos (-)
cOs 4A
cos 3A

Put 4A = 3A+ A
cos (3A + A)
cos 3A

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 Mathematics 5-47 Factorization and Defuctorization
Basic
cos 3A cOs A- sin 3A sin A

COs 3A
cos (A + B) cos A • cos
=

B- sin A sin B
COs 3A cos A sin 3A sin A
ces 3A COs 3A

= cos A – Sin
tan 3A· sinA = tan
cOs
= RH.S.
cos 2A 2 cos 4A + cos 6A
t = cos A- tan 3A sinA
cos A +2 cos 3A + cos 5A

Example 5.2.22: Prove that

sin A + 2 sin 3A + sin 5A
sin 3A + 2 sin 5A + sin 7A
= COS 2A - cot 5A sin 2A
MSBTE Summer 11
sin A + 2 sin 3A + sin 5A
Solution: L.H.S. =
sin 3A +2 sin 5A + sin 7A
Rearranging the terms
+
(sin A
sin 5A)+2 sin 3A
(sin 3A + sin 7A)+ 2 sin 5A

sin C+ sin D=2 sin COS

(A+ 5A (A -5A
2 sin 2
COS
2 +2 sin 3A
+
(3A 7AY (3A-7A
2 sin
2
COS 2 +2 sin 5A

6A 4A
2 sin COS 2 +2sin 3A
(10A (- 4A
2 sin 2
cos 2
+2 sin 5A

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Basic Mathematics Factorization and
5-48 Defactorizaton

2 cos (- 2A) + 2 sin 3A

Sin 3A
2
sin 5A cos (-2A) + 2 sin 5A
Taking 2 sin 3A common from numerator and 2 sin 5A commn
from denominator.
Z
sin 3A (cOs 2A+) COs (- 6) = cos
2 sin 5A (cos 2,A)
sin 3A
sin 5A
Put 3A = 5A - 2A
= sin (5A -2A)
L.H.S.
sin 5A
sin 5A cos 2A - cos 5A· sin 2A
LH.S. = sin 5A

sin (A - B) = sin A cos B- cos A sin B|

sia SA cos 2A cos 5A sin 2A

Si 5A sin 5A

= cos 2A - cot 5A sin 2A

COs
= cot
sin
= R.H.S.
sin A +2 sin 3A + sin 5A =
cos 2A- cot 5A
sin 3A +2 sin 5A + sin 7A sin 2A

Example 5.2.23 : Prove that

+
sin 5A +2 sin 7A sin 9A
=
3A +2 cos 5A cOs 7A sin 2A coS 2A tan 5A
+ +
Cos

IS MSBTE. November
ber 92, Winer 01
sin 5A t2 sin7A+ sin 9A
Solution: LH.S. = cOs 3A
+
-2 cos
5A+ Cos 7A
Rearranging the terms

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TECHNIC
 Jlathematics 5-49 Factorization and Defuctorization
Basic
(sin 5A + sin 9A)
+2 sin 7A
(cos 3A+ cos 7A)
+2 c0s 5A
sin C + sin D =2 sin cos

cos C + cos D
-2 cos ( cos(D)
(5A+9AY (SA -9A
2 sin 2 COS
+2 sin 7A
2
(3A + 7A) (3A -7AY
2 cos 2 COS |+2 cos 5A
(14A 4A\
2 sin 2 cOS +2 sin 7A
2
(-4A
2 cos cos +2cos SA
sin 7A cos (-2A)
2 + 2
sin 7A
2 cos 5A cos (- 2A) +2 cos 5A

Taking 2 sin 7A common from numerator and 2 cos 5A common

from denominator.

2 sin 7A (cos2A+
(cos 2A
cos (- ) = cos 0|
2cos 5A
sin 7A
COs 5A

Put 7A = 5A + 2A
sin (5A + 2A)
L.H.S. = cos 5A
+ cos 5A · sin 2A
sin 5A cos 2A
cos 5A
cos B + cos A sin B
Sin (A +B) =sin A
cos 5A sin 2A
sin 5A cos 2A cos 5A
cos 5A

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TECHNICAL
Basic Mathematics Factorization and
5- 50 Defuctori
riaton

= tan 5A · cos 2A + sin 2A

= sin 2A + cos 2A tan 5A
= R.H.S.
sin 5A +2 sin 7A + sin 9A = sin2A + cos 2A tan 5A
cos 3A+2 cos 5A cos 7A +

888008888800000080000000o00

Example 5.2.24: Prove that

sin + sin 2A +
A
sin 3A + sin 4A = tan 5A
COs A + COs 2A + cos 3A + COs 4A 2
10
MSBTE. Winter 09, 12, 16, Summer 2000,
IS
+ 4A
sin A t sin 2A + sin 3A sin
Solution: L.H.S. = cos A + cos 2A + cos 3A + cos 4A

Rearranging the terms

sin C + sin D= sin

2
cos

sin A + sin 4A+ sin 2A + sin

3A

cOS A t cos 4A + cos 2A +

cos 3A

D
cos C t cos D=2 cos COS
2 2
A

+4A (A - 4A (2A + 3A (2A - 34)

2 sin
2
COS
2
+2 sin 2
COS 2

(2A +3A) (2A-3A

2 cos cos ) +2 cos 2 COS

2 sin coS
3A
2
+2 sin COS )
2 cos COS (A). 2 cos( cos 4)
Taking 2 sin common from numerator and 2 coS

common from denominator.

Basic
Mathematics
5-51 Factorization
and Defuctorization
5AT 3A
2sin 2 cOs eos

2cos 3A cOs (- ) = cos

coS

Sin

COS

= tan
= R.H.S.
sin A + sin 2A t sin
3A+ sin 4A
cos A t cos
2A+ cOs 3A t cos 4A = tan 2
Example 5.2.25 :
Prove that
sin A + sin 2A + sin 3A + sin 4A
COs A t cOs 2A- cos 3A - COs 4A
= cot A

IT MSBTE November 85,

Solution: sin A + sin 2A + sin 3A+ sin 4A

LHS, =
cOS At cos 2A cos 3A - cos
4A -
Rearranging the terms

sin C + sin D =2 sin

C+D
COS
(C-D)
2 2

cos C - cos D = 2
sin(TD sin

sin A + sin 4A +t sin 2A t sin 3A

-
cos A cos 4A+ cos 2A - cos 3A
A+ 4A) (A -4AY (2A +3A (2A - 3AY
2 sin COS +2 sin 2
COS
2
- (2A +3A)
2 sin (4A A+2 sin Sin
sin 2 2

knowledge
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Basic Mathematics Factorization and
5-52 Defactoriaton

(-3A
2 sin 5A) sin cos/
cos+2 A

5A (3A)
2 sin Sin +2 sin sin

Taking 2 sin common from numerator and denominator

A
2 sin cos + cos
cos (- 0) = cos 4
5A + sin
2 sin Sin

cos C + cos D =2 cos

COS + cos

3A + sin
Sin
D\
(C+
sin C + sin D=2 sin 2
COS

3A
+ 2
2 cos 2
COS
2
(3A (3A_A
+ 2
2 2
2 sin cOS
2
(4A

2 cos
2 COS

(4AY
2 2
2 COS
sin 2 2

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 Mathematics 5- 53 Factorization and Defuctorization
Basic

2 cos COS

2
sin cos

2 cos A cos

2 sin A
COS

COsA
sinA sin Cot A

cot A =R.H.S.
sin A + sin 2A t sin 3A+ sin 4A
cos A t cos 2A cos -
=
3A cos 4A cot A -
:
Example 5.2.26 Prove that:
(sin 80 + sin 20) (cos 60 + cos 40)
(sin 60 - sin 40) (cos 80 - cos 20) =- Cot 30 cot 0

Solution:
(sin 80
L.H.S. = (sin
t sin 20) (cos 60 + cos 4)
60 sin 40)(cos 80- cos 20)
cos
sin C + sin D = 2 sin

sin C- sin D = 2 cos )

Cos C
t cos D=2 cos

COs C - cos D= 2
sin
2
sin
9
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Basic Mathematics
5- 54 Factorization and Defactorizaton

(20)
+
2sin 80 80- 201 60+ 4 60-40
| 2 COs
2
2 cos 2 COS

|2 cos
(60 + 40\ 60 – 40 80+ 20
20- 80
2 Sin
2
|2 sin 2 Sin
2
(100) cos (100)
|2 sin 2 COS 602 2
COS
20

(100) 20 100 (- 60
|2 cos Sin |2 sin Sin
2 2) 2

|2 sin 50· cos 301 [2 cos 50· cOs O1

2 cos 59· sin 0] [2 sin 5· sin (-30)]

Asin 5 cos 30 cos56• cos cos 38 Cos
-Acos Se.sin sir- 50· sin 30 sin 30 sin 0

LH.S. = - cot 30 ·
cot 0
COs
sin 0
= cot 9

(sin 80 + sin 20) (cos 69 + cos 40)

(sin 60 - sin 40) (cos 80 - cos 20)
cot 30 •
cot

Exercise
|1) Express in the form ofa product
1) sin 9A + sin 5A |Ans. : 2 sin 7A• cos 2A|

2) cos 7A+ cos 5A |Ans. : 2 cos 6A

cos A|

3) cos 3A- cos 5A |Ans. : 2 sin 4A. sin AJ

4) sin 99- sin 70 [Ans. :2 cos 80 sin 81

5) sin 80° Cos 70° [Ans. :2 cos 50° sin.1
30°]

6) sin 50° + cos 80° [Ans. : 2 sin 30° cos 20°]

7) sin 20° + cos 50° [Ans. : 2 sin 30° cos 10°)
8)sin 50°- cos 80° IAns.:2 cos 30 sin 20°
Basic Mathematics
55
AHERKSO
K45ThYiniwas5- Prahad 1aYe
Factorization qndDefuctorization
-Aonn
9) sin 20 + sin 50
|Ans. :
2 sin 70 30
2 2
10) sin sin 50
7- |Ans. :2 cos 60 sin ]
11) cos 70° + cos 20°
|Ans. :
2 cos 45° cos 25° 1

2Tt
12) cos
13 -COS 13 [Ans. : 2 sin 3T sin 26!
26
13)sin 20° + sin 30°
[Ans. : 2 sin 25°• cos 5°]
14) sin sin 2
2 JAns. : 2 sin o cos
2
15) sin 70°- sin 30° [Ans. : 2 cos 50° sin 20°]
16) cos 40 + cos 80
MSBTE Summer 17

[Ans. :2cos 60 cos 201

17) sinl50° - cos120° IS MSBTE Summer 2000

[Ans. : 1]
2) Prove without use of tables
1) cos 70° + cos 50°- cos 10° =0
2) sin 50° sin 70°+ sin 10°=0 IS MSBTE Summerr17
3) cOs 40° + cos 80°+ cos 160° =0
1
4) cos 12° + cos 84° + cos 132° + cos 156° =

2
5) cos 18° + cos 162° + cos 234° + cos 306° = 0

6) cos
) + cos + cos + cos
15
cos 27° + cos 93° + cos 147° = 0
)

8) cos 40°+ cos 50°+ cos 70° + cos 80° = cos 20°+ cos 100
9) Cos 20° + cos 100° cos
140= 0
+

3) Prove that
cos 3A- cos 5A
1) tan A
sin 3A + sin 5A

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 Factorization and
Basic Mathematics 5-56 Defactorization

sin 70 - Sin 50
= tan
2) cos 50
COs 70+
sin 5A + sin 3A
3) cos 5A+ cos 3A tan 4A
sin 50 - sin 30
4)
=
tan
COs 30+ cos 50
sin A + sin 2A
= cot
5) -
cOs A cos 2A
cos 2B- cos 2A
6) tan (A - B)
+
sin 2B sin 2A
sin 2A t sin 2B tan (A + B)
7)
-
sin 2A sin 2B tan (A B) -
sin A - sin B
B)
A+
8)
cos B - cos A cot 2

sin 40 - sin 20
9) tan =

cOs 46 + cos 20
sin 20 + sin 40
10) cos = tan 3

20 + cos 40
cos 6A- cos 2A
11) sin
6À + sin 2A
=-tan 2A
cOs 4A + cos 2A
= Cot A
12)
sin 4A sin 2A -
coS nx - cos (n+ 1)x X
13) sin(n + 1)x + = tan
sin nx
cos 70 -t cos 50 sin 60° + sin 30 15
14) a) --
sin 70 sin 50
= Cot b) 600cot
COS 30°-cos

15) a)
sin 80° cos 50° - sin 75°- sin 15°
1

sin 80° + sin 40° cot 70° b)

cos 75°+ cos 15°
Cos 11°+ sin 110
16) a) cos = Cos 20°-cos 70°
11°- sin 110 tan 56 b)
sin 70° - sin 20°
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONs- an up-thrust for knowledge
 Mathematics 5-57 Factorization and Defactorization
Basic
+ Sin 3A =
sin A tan 2A
17) cOS A + cos 3A

4)Prove the following

cos 3A - COs 7A = cos
A 2A tan 4A–sin 2A
1) sin 9A +t sin
sin A + sin 5A + sin 9A
Show that cOs = tan 5A
2) A + cos 5A + cos 9A
Can this result be considered true if A = 18°
cos A + cos 3A t cos 5A
3)
=
cot 3A
sin A + sin 3A t sin 5A

IS MSBTE 86,88,Winter96.
cos 3A + 2 cos 5A+ cos 7A
4)
cos A +2 cos 3A + cos 5A
= cOs 2À - sin 2A tan 3A
wwwww.wwwwwwww****w
IS MSBTE : December 86, Winter. 14
sin 6A +2 cos 4A – sin 2A
5) = sin A- cot 3A cos A
cos 5A sin-2 3A- cos A
ISS MSBTE
wIRtaöoRA
99
2000
6)
Sin 2A+
sin 4A+ sin 6A = cos + cot 3A sin A
2
A
sin A +2 sin 3A + sin 5A

7) sin
A + sin 3A + sin 5A + sin 7A
= tan 4A
cos A + cos 3A + cos 5A cos 7A
t
MSBTE Winter
IS 98
8 Sin A
+2 sin 3A + sin 5A = tan 3A
COs At 2 cos 3A + cos SA
IS MSBTE Summer 99

9) Sin 5A +2 sin 8A + sin 11A sin 8A

Sin 8A +2 sin 11A + sin 14A Sin 11A
 Factorization and i Defactorizaton
Basic Mathematics 5- 58

cOs A cos 2A cos 3A - cos 4A

t -
10) sin A + sin 2A + sin 3A + sin 4A
tan A

IE MSBTE: Mayg)

sin- sin 50 + sin 90 -sin 130 = cot 40

11)
cos - cos 50 - Cos 99 + cos 130
I MSBTE:Winter15

sin A t sin 3A+ sin 5A + sin 7A =

tan 4A
12) cos + cos
A 3A + cos 5A + cos 7A
IS MSBTE:May 88

(sin 80 + sin 20) (cos 9 + cos 30) sec 50

13) - sin 50) (cos 40
- cos
60)
=1+cos
(sin
sin 5x -2 sin 3x + sin x
14) = tan X
cos 5x- cOs X
sin A - sin 3A + sin 5A- sin 7A =
cot 2A
15) cos A cos 3A - cos 5A + cos 7A
-
sin 3x + sin 5x+ sin 7x+ sin 9x
=
16) cos 3x+ cos 5x + cos 7x + cos 9x tan 6x

a and ß if cos-cos 3T a.
17) Find
5 =2 sin sin ß

[Ans. : a. =

18) Find a and ß if cos (2n + 1) +

cos(2n - 1)=2 cos -
cos ß

|Ans. :a = 2Tn, 1

Angles of a triangle
If A, B. Care the vertices of triangles, then
mZA + mZB+ m ZC= 180°
AABC
1.e. A+B C= 180°
+

for every
A+B = 180°-C
A) sin (A + B) = sin(180°
-C)
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 NMatlhematics
Basic 5-59
Factorization
and Defactorization
sin (A + B) = sin C
Similarly, sin (B + C) = sin
A
sin (A +C) = sin B
cos (A +
B) Now B) = cos (180° – C)
cos (A + B) =- cos C
Similarly, cos (B +C) =- cos
A
cos (A+C) = - cos B

C) Now,
A+B = 180°
-C
A+B 180°-C
2
A+B = 90°
2 2

Sin = sin
B
(A+
sin = COS
2
Similarly, A
COS = COS
2
B
Sin = COS
2

D) Now,
cos2
A+B = COS
180°
2
0-)- cos(90°-)
(A+B - sin C
cos2 )
Similarly,
Cos
9 = sin A
2
,
= sin B
coS 2 2

- knowledge
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