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G7 Topic1 Lesson3

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8 views7 pages

G7 Topic1 Lesson3

Uploaded by

Omar Aboelghet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 7

Lesson 3

Obtaining and Removing


Materials

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Moving Materials Into and
Out of Cells

Cells rely on the movement of surrounding gases,


liquids, and particles to supply them with nutrients
and materials. In order to live and function, cells
must let certain materials enter and leave, oxygen
and water and particles of food must be able to
move into a cell, while waste materials must move
out.

Function of the cell


membrane
 Every cell have a cell membrane that lets
substances in and out.

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 This movement allows the cell to maintain
homeostasis and get all the chemicals needed
to support life.
 A permeable membrane allows liquids and
gases to pass through it. Some materials move
freely across the cell membrane, others move
less freely or not at all.
 The cell membrane is “selectively permeable”.

Passive transport
 Moving materials across the cell membrane
sometimes requires no energy.
 At other times, the cell has to use its own
energy.
 The movement of dissolved materials across
a cell membrane without using the cell’s
energy is called passive transport.

Diffusion

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 Is the process by which molecules move from
an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
 Diffusion is a passive transport
mechanism,meaning it does not require
energy from the cell.
 oxygen diffuses into cells in the lungs
because the concentration of oxygen is
higher outside the cell.

Osmosis
Is the diffusion of water molecules across a
selectively permeable membrane, many cellular

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processes depend on osmosis to bring them the
water they need to function.
Osmosis is a form of passive transport.
Osmosis can cause cells to shrink if water moves
out faster than it moves in, potentially leading to
cell death.

Facilitated diffusion

 Facilitated diffusion is the process where


certain molecules, like sugars, pass through
the cell membrane via protein channels.
 Proteins in the cell membrane form channels
to help these molecules cross.
 This process does not require energy from the
cell and is a form of passive transport.

Active transport
 Active transport is the process where cells
move molecules from areas of low
concentration to high concentration.
 This process requires energy from the cell.

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 Cells use active transport to maintain higher
concentrations of certain molecules inside the
cell compared to outside
 Proteins in the cell membrane pick up specific
molecules and carry them across the
membrane.
 Examples: Substances like calcium,
potassium, and sodium are transported into
and out of cells by active transport.

Moving large particles


Some materials, such as food particles, are too
large to cross the cell membrane.
In a process called “endocytosis” the cell
membrane takes particles into the cell by changing
shape and engulfing the particles. Once the food
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particle is engulfed, the cell membrane fuses,
pinching off a vacuole within the cell.
The reverse process, called “exocytosis” The
vacuole fuses with the cell membrane to expel
contents out of the cell.

Endocytosis Exocytosis

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