Lab 1

Aim: To show working of Hubs and several PCs (Personal Computer)

using Cisco Packet Tracer.

Theory:

Hubs: A hub is a network device that connects multiple Ethernet devices. It has multiple ports
and shares data to all of them. A hub acts as a dumb switch that broadcasts data to each port.

Personal Computer (PC): A personal computer (PC) is a microcomputer designed for use by one
person at a time. A computer network is a set of computers that share resources located on or
provided by network nodes.

Devices Used:

PC, Hub and Connection Straight-Through cable.

Method:

1. From Network Devices, click on Hubs and then click on PT-Hub and place the Hub on
the tab.
2. From End Devices, click on PC and then place the PC on the tab, four times.
3. Connect the four PCs with Connection Straight-Through provided in Connections to the
Hub.
4. Double click on each PC, go to Desktop then click on IP config, add IP address in IPv4 as
192.168.10.x (Here x is the PC number).
5. Double click on PC1, go to Desktop then click on Command Prompt.
6. Type the command: ping 192.168.10.3. This step is done to send Data from PC1 to PC3.
 Device IP Address

PC1 192.168.10.1

PC2 192.168.10.2

PC3 192.168.10.3

PC4 192.168.10.4
Result:

Demonstrating sending a packet from PC1(192.168.10.1) to PC3(192.168.10.3).

 Lab 2

Aim: To compare the working of Hub and Switch using Cisco

Packet Tracer

Theory:

Hubs: A hub is a network device that connects multiple Ethernet devices. It has multiple ports
and shares data to all of them. A hub acts as a dumb switch that broadcasts data to each port.

Personal Computer (PC): A personal computer (PC) is a microcomputer designed for use by one
person at a time. A computer network is a set of computers that share resources located on or
provided by network nodes.

Switch: A network switch is a device that connects devices in a network to each other. Switches
enable devices to share information and talk to each other by exchanging data packets.

Devices Used:

PC, Hub, Switch and Connection Straight-Through cable.

Method:

1. From Network Devices, click on Hubs and then click on PT-Hub and place the Hub on
the tab.
2. From Network Devices, click on Switches and then click on 2960 IOS15 and place the
Switch on the tab.
3. Place eight PCs on the tab.
4. Configure IPs of all eight PCs.
5. Connect the four PCs with Connection Straight-Through provided in Connections to the
Hub.
6. Connect the four PCs with Connection Straight-Through provided in Connections to the
Switch.
 7. Connect the Hub to the Switch with Connection Straight-Through provided in
Connections.
8. Type the command: ping 192.168.10.3. This step is done to send Data from PC1 to PC5.

Device IP Address

PC0 192.168.10.1

PC1 192.168.10.2

PC2 192.168.10.3

PC3 192.168.10.4

PC4 192.168.10.8

PC5 192.168.10.5

PC6 192.168.10.6

PC7 192.168.10.7
Result:

Sending data from PC5(192.168.10.5) to PC3(192.168.10.4).

 Lab 3

Aim: Implement various Network Topologies

Theory:

Hubs: A hub is a network device that connects multiple Ethernet devices. It has multiple ports
and shares data to all of them. A hub acts as a dumb switch that broadcasts data to each port.

Personal Computer (PC): A personal computer (PC) is a microcomputer designed for use by one
person at a time. A computer network is a set of computers that share resources located on or
provided by network nodes.

Switch: A network switch is a device that connects devices in a network to each other. Switches
enable devices to share information and talk to each other by exchanging data packets.

Star Topology: All the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the
central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node.

Bus Topology: Bus Topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is
connected to a single cable. It is bi-directional.

Ring Topology: it forms a ring connecting devices with exactly two neighbouring devices.

Tree Topology: This topology is the variation of the Star topology. This topology has a
hierarchical flow of data.

Hybrid Topology: This topological technology is the combination of all the various types of
topologies we have studied above. Hybrid Topology is used when the nodes are free to take any
form.
Devices Used:

PC, Hub, Switch and Connection Straight-Through cable.

Method:

Bus Topology:

1. Load four Switches from Network Devices and four PCs from End Devices.
2. Connect each PC to a Switch, such that no other PC is connected on any of the four
Switches using Connection Straight-Through cable provided in Connections.
3. Connect each Switch to another Switch in a sequence using Connection Straight-Through
cable provided in Connections.
4. Configure the IP addresses of all PCs sequentially.

Device Name IP Address

PC0 192.168.10.1

PC1 192.168.10.2

PC2 192.168.10.3

PC3 192.168.10.4
Result:

Bus Topology: Sending data from PC0(192.168.10.1) to PC3(192.168.10.4)

Ring Topology:

1. Load four Switches from Network Devices and four PCs from End Devices.
2. Connect each PC to a Switch, such that no other PC is connected on any of the four
Switches using Connection Straight-Through cable provided in Connections.
3. Connect each Switch to another Switch in a sequence, then connect the last Switch to the
first Switch using Connection Straight-Through cable provided in Connections.
4. Configure the IP addresses of all PCs sequentially.

Device Name IP Address

PC4 192.168.10.1

PC5 192.168.10.4
 PC6 192.168.10.3

PC8 192.168.10.2

Result:

Ring Topology: Sending Data from PC4(192.168.10.1) to PC6(192.168.10.3)

Star Topology:

1. Load four Switches from Network Devices and six PCs from End Devices.
2. Connect any of the three Switches to a single Switch, to make a central Switch using
Connection Straight-Through cable provided in Connections.
3. Connect two PCs to a Switch which isn’t the Central Switch using Connection Straight-
Through cable provided in Connections.
4. Configure the IP addresses of all PCs sequentially.

Device Name IP Address

PC15 192.168.10.4

PC16 192.168.10.5

PC17 192.168.10.2

PC18 192.168.10.3

PC19 192.168.10.1

PC20 192.168.10.6
Result:

Star Topology: Sending data from PC19(192.168.10.1) to PC15(192.168.10.4)

Tree Topology:

1. Load three Switches from Network Devices and six PCs from End Devices.
2. Connect a Switch to other two Switches using Connection Straight-Through cable
provided in Connections.
3. Connect two PCs to each Switch in the topology using Connection Straight-Through
cable provided in Connections.
4. Configure the IP addresses of all PCs sequentially.
 Device Name IP Address

PC8 192.168.10.1

PC9 192.168.10.2

PC11 192.168.10.4

PC12 192.168.10.3

PC13 192.168.10.5

PC14 192.168.10.6

Results:

Tree Topology: Sending data from PC8(192.168.10.1) to PC11(192.168.10.4)

Mesh Topology:

1. Load four Switches from Network Devices and eight PCs from End Devices.
2. Connect each Switch to each other Switch using Connection Straight-Through cable
provided in Connections.
3. Connect two PCs to each Switch using Connection Straight-Through cable provided in
Connections.

Device Name IP Address

PC21 192.168.10.2

PC22 192.168.10.3

PC23 192.168.10.4

PC24 192.168.10.5

PC25 192.168.10.7

PC26 192.168.10.6
PC27 192.168.10.8

PC28 192.168.10.1

Results:

Mesh Topology: Sending data from PC28(192.168.10.1) to PC24(192.168.10.5)

Hybrid Topology:

1. Load one Switch and one Hub from Network Devices and three PCs from End
Devices.
2. Connect the Switch to the Hub using Connection Straight-Through cable provided in Connections.
3. Connect two PCs to a Switch and one PC to a Hub using Connection Straight-Through cable provided
in Connections.
4. Configure the IP addresses of all PCs sequentially.

5.
Device Name IP Address

PC0 192.168.10.1

PC1 192.168.10.2

PC2 192.168.10.3

PC3 192.168.10.4

PC4 192.168.10.1

PC5 192.168.10.4

PC6 192.168.10.3

PC7 192.168.10.2

PC8 192.168.10.1

PC9 192.168.10.2

PC11 192.168.10.4

PC12 192.168.10.3

PC13 192.168.10.5

PC14 192.168.10.6

PC15 192.168.10.4
 Device Name IP Address

PC16 192.168.10.5

PC17 192.168.10.2

PC18 192.168.10.3

PC19 192.168.10.1

PC20 192.168.10.6

PC21 192.168.10.2

PC22 192.168.10.3

PC23 192.168.10.4

PC24 192.168.10.5

PC25 192.168.10.7

PC26 192.168.10.6

PC27 192.168.10.8

PC28 192.168.10.9

PC29 192.168.10.1

PC30 192.168.10.2

PC31 192.168.10.3
Result:

Hybrid Topology: Sending data from PC29(192.168.10.1) to PC31(192.168.10.3)

 Lab 5

Aim: To connect different Networks using a Router in Cisco Packet

Tracer

Theory:

Personal Computer (PC): A Personal Computer (PC) is a microcomputer designed for use by one
person at a time. A computer network is a set of computers that share resources located on or
provided by network nodes.

Switch: A network Switch is a device that connects devices in a network to each other. Switches
enable devices to share information and talk to each other by exchanging data packets.

Router: A Router is a networking device that connects different networks and forwards data
packets between them. It serves two primary functions: managing traffic between these networks
by forwarding data packets to their intended IP addresses, and allowing multiple devices to use
the same Internet connection.

Devices Used:

PC, Router, Switch and Connection Straight-Through cable.

Method:

1. Place first three PCs (Personal Computers), configure their IP addresses using
192.168.10.X(Here X represents the PC number) and then connect PCs to a Switch.
2. Place second three PCs (Personal Computers), configure their IP addresses using
202.100.10.X(Here X represents the PC number) and then connect PCs to a different Switch.
3. Place a Router.
4. Connect the Switches to the Router.
5. Configure the Router IP addresses for both the Switch as 192.168.10.10 and 202.100.10.10
respectively, which is provided in the Interface tab on the left side of the Config tab of the
Router and Turn on the Router from the Interface section.
6. Set the Default Gateway for the three PCs as 192.168.10.10 and for the second three as
202.100.10.10.
7. Now ping a PC from a different network to a PC in another network.
Device Name IP Address Default Gateway

PC1 192.168.10.1

PC2 192.168.10.2
192.168.10.10
PC3 192.168.10.3

PC4 202.100.10.1

PC5 202.100.10.2
202.100.10.10
PC6 202.100.10.3
Result:

Connection using a Router was implemented between PCs (Personal Computer) using Switches.