Where is mathematics?

✓People and communities

Where is mathematics? ✓Our daily routines
✓Nature
✓World
What is mathematics for?
 ✓understand,
What is mathematics for? ✓manipulate, and
✓appreciate
the nature and the world.
Is mathematics discovered or invented?
Is math discovered or invented? - Jeff Dekofsky (youtube.com)
Philosophy of Mathematics
The following philosophies of mathematics will help you to
apprehend the set of ideas about the mathematics.

1. Platonism - It is the form of realism that suggests that mathematical entities

are abstract, have no spatiotemporal or causal properties, and are eternal and
unchanging.” (Philosophy of Mathematics, 2017)

“Very few of us in our saner moments believe that the particular

postulates that some logicians have dreamed up create the
numbers—no, most of us believe that the real numbers are simply
there and that it has been an interesting, amusing, and important
game to try to find a nice set of postulates to account for them.”
(Hamming, 1980, p. 85)
Philosophy of Mathematics
The following philosophies of mathematics will help you to
apprehend the set of ideas about the mathematics.

2. Formalism - “Formalism holds that mathematical statements may be thought

of as statements about the consequences of certain string manipulation rules.”
(Philosophy of Mathematics, 2017)

“Mathematics, according to David Hilbert (1862-), is a game played

according to certain simple rules with meaningless marks on
paper.” (Stabler, 1935, p. 24)
Philosophy of Mathematics
The following philosophies of mathematics will help you to
apprehend the set of ideas about the mathematics.

3. Ultrafinitism - Ultrafinitism is an even more extreme version of finitism,

which rejects not only infinities but finite quantities that cannot feasibly be
constructed with available resources.” (Philosophy of Mathematics, 2017)
Finitism is an extreme form of constructivism, according to which a
mathematical object does not exist unless it can be constructed from natural
numbers in a finite number of steps.
Philosophy of Mathematics
The following philosophies of mathematics will help you to
apprehend the set of ideas about the mathematics.

“What is completely meaningless is any kind of infinite,

actual or potential. So I deny even the existence of the Peano
axiom that every integer has a successor. The phrase ‘for all
positive integers’ is meaningless. Similarly, Euclid’s statement:
‘There are infinitely many primes’ is meaningless.” (Zeilberger,
2001, p. 5)
 Ideas to elicit and encourage:
• Many patterns and occurrences exist in nature, in our
world, in our life. Mathematics helps makes sense of
these patterns and occurrences.

• Mathematics is a tool to quantify, organize, and control

our world, predict phenomena, and make life easier for
us.
REVIEW
Complete the pattern.

1.

2.

3.

Create your own examples.

THE FIBONACCI
SEQUENCE
FIBONACCI IN NATURE
❖ Mathematics has the power to reveal the natural beauty of the world.
❖ In describing the amazing variety of phenomena in nature we discover
the existence of Fibonacci numbers.
❖ Fibonacci numbers appear from the smallest up to the biggest objects
in the natural world. It is also an infinite sequence of natural numbers.
❖ This presence of Fibonacci numbers in nature, which was once existed
in mathematician’s curiosity, is considered as one of the biggest
mysteries why the some patterns in nature is Fibonacci. But one thing is
definitely made certain, and that what seemed solely mathematical is
also natural.
Make a Spiral

13

21
2
3
1 1
8

5
Make a Spiral
Human mind is capable of identifying and organizing patterns. We were also to
realized that there are structures and patterns in nature that we don’t usually
draw attention to. Likewise, we arrived at a position that in nature, some things
follow mathematical sequences and one of them follow the Fibonacci
sequence.
EXAMPLE:

Because of this it opens the door to understand seriously the nature of

sequence.
Leonardo Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician from the
Republic of Pisa, considered to be "the most talented Western
mathematician of the Middle Ages". The name he is commonly
called, Fibonacci, was made up in 1838 by the Franco-Italian
historian Guillaume Libri and is short for filius Bonacci.

➢In the Fibonacci sequence, the first number is 1, then another

number 1, the next number will obtain by adding the two previous
number.
Example:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1 597…

Can you figure out the next two numbers? 2 584, 4 181
ORIGIN OF FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE AND THE GOLDEN RATIO || MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (youtube.com)
Sequence refers to an ordered list of numbers called terms,
that may have repeated values. The arrangement of these
terms is set by a definite rule. Consider the given below
example:
 The location of the term was conventionally tagged as Fib(𝑛). In this
method, the Fib(𝑛) is actually referring to the 𝑛th term of the sequence. This
means that Fib(1)=1, Fib(2)=1, Fib(3)=2 and Fib(4)=3.
Example:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1 597, …

It is also possible to make some sort of addition in this sequence.

For instance:
Fib(2) refers to the 2nd term in the sequence

9 which is “1”. And Fib(6) refers to the 6th term

which is “8”. So, the answer to that equation is
1 + 8 simply “9”
Relationship between the Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci Sequence
The golden ratio is often denoted by the Greek letter 𝜑 (Phi). This is
approximately equal to 1.618
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1 597…
The golden ratio can be expressed as the ratio between the two
numbers in the Fibonacci Sequence.
1 21 89
=1 5
= 1.666… = 1.61538461538 55
= 1.61818181818
1 3 13
2 8 144
=2 = 1.6 34
= 1.61904761905 = 1.617977528 or
1 5 21 89
3 13 55
= 1.5 = 1.625 = 1.61764705882 𝑃ℎ𝑖 = 1.618
2 8 34
Where:
◦X𝑛 stands for the Fibonacci number we’re looking for
◦𝑛 stands for the position of the number in the Fibonacci
sequence
◦𝜑 stands for the value of the golden ratio
EXAMPLE
What is the 5th Fibonacci number? By using the formula
we’ll get: 𝑛 𝑛
𝜑 − (1 − 𝜑)
𝑥𝑛 =
√5
(1.618)5 −(1 − 1.618)5
𝑥5 =
√5
𝑥5 = 4.99946801 or
𝑥5 = 5
EXCERCISE
I. Compute for the following numbers and perform the
given operation.
𝑛 𝑛
1. Fib (14) = 377 (1 + √5) −(1 − √5)
𝐹𝑖𝑏(𝑛) =
2. Fib (26) = 121393 2𝑛 √5
II. Work out the missing term in the Fibonacci Sequence.
5 8, 13 ...
a.) 1, 2, 3,_____,
b.) 5 8, 13, 21, 34 ...
3,_____,
c.) 2 2, 4 ...
-2, 2, 0,_____,
ACTIVITY 2
I. Compute for the following numbers and perform the
given operation.
FIND THE FOLLOWING Fib (n)
1. Fib (13) (1 + √5)𝑛 −(1 − √5)𝑛
2. Fib (20) 𝐹𝑖𝑏(𝑛) =
2𝑛 √5
3. Fib (8) + Fib (9)
4. The sum of Fib (1) to Fib (10)
5. Fib (1) x Fib (7) + Fib (12)