Dr. Eng. Noha Shouman Eng. Ahmed AlKhatib, Kareem Noureldin, M.Sc.
Tutorial (3) Solution
Power Transformer Useful diagrams
Figure 1- Exact Equivalent Circuit of the transformer referred to the primary side
Figure 2- Approximate Equivalent Circuit of the transformer referred to the primary side Faculty of Electrical Engineering Electric Drives ENME 503 Dr. Eng. Noha Shouman Eng. Ahmed AlKhatib, Kareem Noureldin, M.Sc.
Problem 1 For the circuit given below, find Vs given that the current Io=2∠0o A.
The given transformer is supplying 10-kW load at the rated voltage and the load power factor is 0.8 lagging. Draw the transformer’s exact equivalent circuit referred to the primary (H.V) side and use it to calculate: a) The input current. b) The input voltage. c) The input power factor. Answer 𝑁1 𝑉1 2400 𝑎= = = = 10 𝑁2 𝑉2 240 |𝑉̀2 | = 𝑎𝑉2 = 10 × 240 = 2400 𝑅̀2 = 𝑎2 𝑅2 = (10)2 (0.025) = 2.5 𝛺 𝑋̀2 = 𝑎2 𝑋2 = (10)2 (0.07) = 7 𝛺 The angle for the voltage of the secondary side is taken as the reference. ∴ 𝜃𝑣2 = 0° ∴ 𝑉̀2 = 2400∠0° = 2400 𝑉 |𝑃2 | 10 × 103 |𝐼̀2 | = = = 5.208 𝐴 |𝑉̀2 | × 𝑃𝐹2 2400 × 0.8 𝜑2 = 𝜃𝑣2 − 𝜃𝑖2 = cos−1(𝑃𝐹2 ) = cos−1(0.8) = 36.87° Note that the power factor angle is positive because the load has a lagging power factor. ∴ 𝜃𝑖2 = −36.87° ∴ 𝐼̀2 = |𝐼̀2 |∠𝜃𝑖2 = 5.208∠ − 36.87° 𝐴 𝐸1 = 𝑉̀2 + 𝐼̀2 (𝑅̀2 + 𝑗𝑋̀2 ) = 2400 + (5.208∠ − 36.87°)(2.5 + 𝑗7) = 2432.38∠0.503° 𝑉 To get the equivalent impedance of the parallel branch RC//jXM. 𝑅𝐶 × 𝑗𝑋𝑀 (32 × 103 ) × 𝑗(11.5 × 103 ) (𝑅𝐶 ∖ 𝑗𝑋𝑀 ) = = = 10822.36∠70.23° 𝛺 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑗𝑋𝑀 (32 × 103 ) + 𝑗(11.5 × 103 ) 𝐸1 2432.38∠0.503° 𝐼0 = = = 0.225∠ − 69.73° 𝐴 (𝑅𝐶 ∖ 𝑗𝑋𝑀 ) 10822.36∠70.23° 𝐼1 = 𝐼̀2 + 𝐼0 = (5.208∠ − 36.87°) + (0.225∠ − 69.73°) = 5.398∠ − 38.164° 𝐴 𝑉1 = 𝐸1 + 𝐼1 (𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 ) = (2432.38∠0.503°) + (5.398∠ − 38.164°)(2.5 + 𝑗7) = 2466.62∠0.992° 𝑉 𝑃𝐹1 = cos(𝜃𝑣1 − 𝜃𝑖1 ) = cos(0.992° − (−38.164°)) = cos(39.156°) = 0.775 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) Faculty of Electrical Engineering Electric Drives ENME 503 Dr. Eng. Noha Shouman Eng. Ahmed AlKhatib, Kareem Noureldin, M.Sc.
Problem 7 A 120 KVA, 2400/240 V transformer has the following parameters: R1=0.75 Ω, X1=0.8 Ω, R2=0.0045 Ω, X2=0.02 Ω. This transformer is loaded by 80% of its rated load at 0.8 lagging power factor. The transformer has iron losses of 1kW and full load copper losses of 3 kW. Calculate: a) The equivalent impedance referred to the primary. b) The transformer efficiency at the mentioned loading conditions. c) The transformer voltage regulation at the mentioned loading conditions. Answer 𝑁1 𝑉1 2400 𝑎= = = = 10 𝑁2 𝑉2 240 |𝑉̀2 | = 𝑎𝑉2 = 10 × 240 = 2400 To get the equivalent impedance referred to primary side 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅̀2 = 𝑅1 + 𝑎2 𝑅2 = 0.75 + (10)2 (0.0045) = 1.2 𝛺 𝑋𝑒𝑞 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋̀2 = 𝑋1 + 𝑎2 𝑋2 = 0.8 + (10)2 (0.02) = 2.8 𝛺 𝑍𝑒𝑞 = 𝑅𝑒𝑞 + 𝑗𝑋𝑒𝑞 = (1.2 + 𝑗2.8 ) 𝛺 To get the efficiency at loading percentage of 80% (Let a loading factor xloading = 0.8) 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝜂= 𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑆𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 × 𝑃𝐹 × 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 × 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 120 × 0.8 × 0.8 = 76.8 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢 + 𝑃𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 Note that the current drawn is directly proportional to the power at constant voltage and PF 2 𝑃𝑐𝑢 𝑥=0.8 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ) = 3(0.8)2 = 1.92 𝑘𝑊
