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Exp.1 - Lab Manual

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Ravi Prasaath IX
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138 views3 pages

Exp.1 - Lab Manual

Uploaded by

Ravi Prasaath IX
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 2

ATM: To fnd resistance ofa given wire/standard resistor using metre bridge.
APPARATUS
A
metre bridge (slide wire bridge), a Leclanche cell (or Battery eliminator), a galvanometer, a
resistance box, a jockey, a one-way key, a resistance wire, connecting wires and a piece of sand paper.
THEORY
The unknown resistance X is given by,
X=
(100-1)-XR

where Ris known resistance placed in the left gap and unknown resistance Xin the right gap
of metre bridge. I cm is the length of metre bridge wire from zero end upto balance point.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Known resistance Unknown resistance
R X
LR. B. L
Resistance
box I4
B

Galvanometer
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
uauuualuaumtunumuluuhuthuululululudumlum
D
A
I,

(100 )
E
+ k

Leclanche cell (Battery eliminator)


Fig. Circuit diagram-Metre bridge.
52 Comprehenslue Practical Physics--xI
PROCEDURE
For Resistance
1. Arrange the apparatus as shown in the diagram.
2. Connect the resistance wire whose resistance is to be determined in the right gap between c
and B. Take care that no part of the wire forms a loop.
3. Connect resistance box of low range in the left hand gap between Aand B.
4. Make all the other connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
5. Take out some resistance (say 2 ohms) from the resistance box, plug the key K.
6. Touch the jockey gently first at left end and then at right end of the bridge wire.
7. Note the deflections in the galvanometer. If the galvanometer shows deflections in opposite
directions, the connections are correct. If the deflection is one side only, then there is some
fault in the circuit.Check or take help of your teacher and rectify the fault.
8. Move (slide) the jockey gently along the wire from left to right till galvanometer gives zero
deflection. The point where the jockey is touching the wire is null point D.
9. Choose an appropriate value of Rfrom the resistance box such that there is no deflection in the
galvanometer when the jockey is nearly in the middle of the wire (i.e, between 45 to 55 cm).
10. Note the position of pointD (with the help of a set-square) to know balancing length, AD =l.
11. Take at least four sets of observations in the same way by changing the value of R in steps.
12. Record your observations.
One-way key

Leclanche cell
Resistance box
=? Unknown

(100 - )
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
nluuulun nluuuluiulunuuuluuhuulunlul
D
A
Scale
Bridge wire

Galvanometer
Fig. Arrangement diagram.
Measurement of Resistance 53

OBSERVATIONS
1. Length of given wire, L = ...cm.
2. Table for unknown resistance (X)
Serial No. of Resistance from the Length AB =1 Length Unknown
Obs. resistance box resistance
(cm) BC = (100 -1)
R
(cm) X=R (100-)
(ohm)
(ohm)
() (2) (3) (4) (5)
1. .2 lo0-S5=45 X
2.
X, =....
3.
4.

CALCULATIONs
1. Calculation for X
(a) From position of D, find lcm and write in column 3 of Table 1.
(6) Find length (100 ) cm and write in column 4.
() Calculate X and write in column 5.
X, + X, +
Mean X=
4 X3t4=.ohm
Standard value of the resistance of given wire (from resistance box),
X =..... ohm-m
Percentage error X- XÍ X 100

= .....%.

RESULT
I. The value of unknown resistance, X = .... Q
2. Percentage error = .....

PRECAUTIONS
1. The connections should be neat, clean and tight.
2 All the plugs in the resistance box should be tight.
3. Move the jockey gently over the bridge wire and do not rub it.
S. The plug in key Kshould be inserted only when the observations are to be taken.
5. Nullpoint should be brought between 45 cm and 55 cm.
6. Set square should be used to note null point to avoid error of parallax.
7. The wire should not make a loop.
SOURCES OF ERROR
The instrument screws may be loose.
2. The plugs may not be clean.
Ihe wire may not have uniform thickness.
* The screw gauge may have faults like back lash error and wrong pitch.

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