List (Day 1 of 2)

1. Creating a List in Scala

a. List of String
scala> val colors: List[String] = List("Red", "Green",
"Yellow")
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

b. No need to specify data type. Scala can interpret it.

scala> val colors = List("Red", "Green", "Yellow")
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

c. List of Integers
scala> val evenNumbers = List (2,4,6,8)
evenNumbers: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 6, 8)

d. List of Integers and Double will be considered as List of Double

scala> val numbers = List (2.0,4,6.5,8)
numbers: List[Double] = List(2.0, 4.0, 6.5, 8.0)

e. List of Integers, Double and String will be considered as List of Any

scala> val list = List (2,5.2,"Hello")
list: List[Any] = List(2, 5.2, Hello)

f. 2 Dimensional List
scala> val matrix = List(
| List(1,2,3),
| List(4,5,6),
| List(7,8,9)
| )
matrix: List[List[Int]] = List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4, 5, 6),
List(7, 8, 9))

Note: List[Int] and List[Double] makes List[AnyVal]

scala> val matrix = List(
| List(1,2,3),
| List(4.1,5,6),
| List(7,8,9)
| )
matrix: List[List[AnyVal]] = List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4.1,
5.0, 6.0), List(7, 8, 9))
2. List is immutable {Array is mutable}
scala> val evenNumbers = List (2,4,6,8)
evenNumbers: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 6, 8)

scala> evenNumbers(0)
res0: Int = 2

scala> evenNumbers(1)
res1: Int = 4

scala> evenNumbers(2)
res2: Int = 6

scala> evenNumbers(3)
res3: Int = 8

scala> evenNumbers(1) = 7 //BCOZ LIST IS IMMUTABLE

<console>:9: error: value update is not a member of List[Int]
evenNumbers(1) = 7
^

scala> val evenNumbers = Array (2,4,6,8)

evenNumbers: Array[Int] = Array(2, 4, 6, 8)

scala> evenNumbers(0)
res5: Int = 2

scala> evenNumbers(1)
res6: Int = 4

scala> evenNumbers(2)
res7: Int = 6

scala> evenNumbers(3)
res8: Int = 8

scala> evenNumbers(1) = 7 // BCOZ ARRAY IS MUTABLE

scala> evenNumbers
res10: Array[Int] = Array(2, 7, 6, 8)
3. Define List using :: and Nil
scala> val colors = List("Red", "Green", "Yellow")
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

scala> val colors = "Red" :: ("Green" :: ("Yellow" :: Nil))

colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

scala> val evenNumbers = 2 :: (4 :: (6 :: (8 :: Nil)))

evenNumbers: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 6, 8)

scala> val matrix = (1::(2::(3::Nil))) :: (4::(5::(6::Nil))) ::

(7::(8::(9::Nil))) :: Nil
matrix: List[List[Int]] = List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4, 5, 6),
List(7, 8, 9))

scala> val matrix = ((1::(2::(3::Nil))) :: (4::(5::(6::Nil))) ::

(7::(8::(9::Nil))) :: Nil)
matrix: List[List[Int]] = List(List(1, 2, 3), List(4, 5, 6),
List(7, 8, 9))

4. Different ways of defining a List

scala> val numbers = List.range(1,100)

numbers: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,
45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,
61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,
93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99)

scala> val evenNumbers = List.range(2,100,2)

evenNumbers: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52,
54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84,
86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98)

scala> val oddNumbers = List.range(1,100,2)

oddNumbers: List[Int] = List(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51,
53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83,
85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99)
 scala> val oddNumbers = (1 to 100 by 2).toList
oddNumbers: List[Int] = List(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51,
53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83,
85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99)

scala> val oddNumbers = (1 to 100 by 2) toList

warning: there were 1 feature warning(s); re-run with -feature
for details
oddNumbers: List[Int] = List(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51,
53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83,
85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99)

scala> val oddNumbers = (1 to 100 by 2).toList

oddNumbers: List[Int] = List(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19,
21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51,
53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81, 83,
85, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99)

5. Simple Operations on List

a. Define a List of String
scala> val colors = List("Red", "Green", "Yellow")
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

b. head: 1st element of List

scala> colors.head
res11: String = Red

c. tail: Except 1st element of List, all other elements

scala> colors.tail
res12: List[String] = List(Green, Yellow)

d. Define a empty List

scala> val numbers = Nil
numbers: scala.collection.immutable.Nil.type = List()

e. isEmpty: If the List is a empty List

scala> numbers.isEmpty
res13: Boolean = true

scala> colors.isEmpty
res14: Boolean = false
 f. size: Check the size of List
scala> colors.size
res15: Int = 3

scala> numbers.size
res16: Int = 0

g. mkString: Convert the List into String

scala> val availableColors = colors.mkString(",")
availableColors: String = Red,Green,Yellow

scala> val availableColors = colors.mkString("We are having

these colors: ", "," , " only. Please pick among these.")
availableColors: String = We are having these colors:
Red,Green,Yellow only. Please pick among these.

6. Adding Elements to a List and accessing it

a. Create a List of String

scala> val colors = List ("Red", "Green", "Yellow")
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

b. Add Blue at the end. It wont work because you defined as a val
scala> colors = colors:+"Blue"
<console>:8: error: reassignment to val
colors = colors:+"Blue"
^

c. Define the List as var so you can reassign

scala> var colors = List ("Red", "Green", "Yellow")
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow)

d. Create a new list with “Blue” and overwrite colors (ONLY POSSIBLE BECAUSE colors IS
DEFINED AS var )
scala> colors = colors:+"Blue"
colors: List[String] = List(Red, Green, Yellow, Blue)

e. Add elements to List at start

scala> colors = "Orange"+:colors
colors: List[String] = List(Orange, Red, Green, Yellow, Blue)

scala> colors = "Voilet"::colors

colors: List[String] = List(Voilet, Orange, Red, Green,
Yellow, Blue)
 scala> colors = "Voilet"::colors
colors: List[String] = List(Voilet, Voilet, Orange, Red,
Green, Yellow, Blue)

scala> colors = "Voilet"::colors

colors: List[String] = List(Voilet, Voilet, Voilet, Orange,
Red, Green, Yellow, Blue)

f. Get unique elements from the List

scala> colors = colors.distinct
colors: List[String] = List(Voilet, Orange, Red, Green,
Yellow, Blue)

g. Access the elements in a List using a for loop

scala> for (color <- colors) {println(color)}
Voilet
Orange
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue

h. Access the elements in a List using a foreach

scala> colors.foreach(x => println(x))
Voilet
Orange
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue

scala> colors.foreach(println(_))
Voilet
Orange
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue

scala> colors.foreach(println)
Voilet
Orange
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue
 scala> val numbers = List(2,4,6,8)
numbers: List[Int] = List(2, 4, 6, 8)

scala> numbers.foreach(x => println(x*2))

4
8
12
16

scala> numbers.foreach(x => println(x*2))

4
8
12
16

7. Some complex operations on List

a. Define a List of Stings (colors)

scala> val colors = List("Voilet", "Orange", "Red", "Green",
"Yellow", "Blue")
colors: List[String] = List(Voilet, Orange, Red, Green,
Yellow, Blue)

b. Access the element at index 2

scala> colors(2)
res32: String = Red

c. Modify the element in index 2 [YOU CAN NOT MODIFY THE CONTENTS OF LIST BECAUSE LIST
IS IMMUTABLE]
scala> colors(2) = "RED"
<console>:9: error: value update is not a member of
List[String]
colors(2) = "RED"
^

NOTE: EVEN IF THE LIST WAS DEFINED AS VAR, YOU STILL CAN NOT MODIFY THE CONTENTS OF
LIST BECAUSE LIST IS IMMUTABLE
scala> var colors = List("Voilet", "Orange", "Red", "Green",
"Yellow", "Blue")
colors: List[String] = List(Voilet, Orange, Red, Green,
Yellow, Blue)
 scala> colors(2) = "RED"
<console>:9: error: value update is not a member of
List[String]
colors(2) = "RED"
^
d. Filter the elements
scala> var colorsWithLength3 = colors.filter(x=>x.length==3)
colorsWithLength3: List[String] = List(Red)

Short Hand Notation

scala> var colorsWithLength3 = colors.filter(_.length==3)
colorsWithLength3: List[String] = List(Red)

scala> var greenColor = colors.filter(x=>x=="Green")

greenColor: List[String] = List(Green)

scala> var colorsWithWordAsn =

colors.filter(x=>x.contains("n"))
colorsWithWordAsn: List[String] = List(Orange, Green)

scala> var colorsWithLength5orMore =

colors.filter(x=>x.length>=5)
colorsWithLength5orMore: List[String] = List(Voilet, Orange,
Green, Yellow)

scala> colorsWithLength5orMore.exists(x=>x=="Green")
res35: Boolean = true

scala> colorsWithLength5orMore.exists(x=>x=="Blue")
res36: Boolean = false

NOTE: IF THINGS ARE NOT CLEAR, JUST PUT A PRINT STATEMENT, SO YOU MAKE OUT THINGS
BETTER, EXAMPLE BELOW

scala> colorsWithLength5orMore.exists(color=>{println(color);
color=="Blue"})
Voilet
Orange
Green
Yellow
res41: Boolean = false
 List (Day 2 of 2)

8. fill - Creating list with same data

scala> val colors = List.fill(5) ("Red")

colors: List[String] = List(Red, Red, Red, Red, Red)

scala> val numbers = List.fill(5) (2.5)

numbers: List[Double] = List(2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5)

9. tabulate – You can apply some function to generate elements in list

scala> val numbers = List.tabulate(5) (x => x + 10)

numbers: List[Int] = List(10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

scala> val squaredNumbers = List.tabulate(5) (x => x * x)

squaredNumbers: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 4, 9, 16)

val matrix = List.tabulate(3,3) ((r,c) => r * c)

matrix: List[List[Int]] = List(List(0, 0, 0), List(0, 1, 2),
List(0, 2, 4))

Explaination
rows\columns 0 1 2
0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2
2 0 2 4

scala> val matrix = List.tabulate(3,3) (_ * _)

matrix: List[List[Int]] = List(List(0, 0, 0), List(0, 1, 2),
List(0, 2, 4))

10. reverse – Reverse the order of list

scala> val numbers = List(0,1,2,5,9,1,25,18)

numbers: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 1, 25, 18)

scala> numbers.reverse
res0: List[Int] = List(18, 25, 1, 9, 5, 2, 1, 0)
 Note: Contents of list will be changed, List is immutable
scala> numbers
res1: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 1, 25, 18)

Note: You can put it in a new list

scala> val newNumbers = numbers.reverse
newNumbers: List[Int] = List(18, 25, 1, 9, 5, 2, 1, 0)

scala> newNumbers
res2: List[Int] = List(18, 25, 1, 9, 5, 2, 1, 0)

11. Sorting the List

A. sorted – Sort in ascending or descending order

scala> val numbers = List(0,1,2,5,9,1,25,18)

numbers: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 1, 25, 18)

Note: Sort in ascending order by default

scala> numbers.sorted
res4: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 9, 18, 25)

Note: Sort in descending order using reverse

scala> numbers.sorted(Ordering.Int.reverse)
res5: List[Int] = List(25, 18, 9, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0)

B. sortBy

scala> val numbers = List(0,1,2,5,9,1,25,18)

numbers: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 1, 25, 18)

scala> numbers.sortBy(x=>x)
res6: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 9, 18, 25)

scala> numbers.sortBy(x=>x).reverse
res7: List[Int] = List(25, 18, 9, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0)

Note: In the below example we are sorting on basis of 2/x result

scala> numbers.sortBy(x=>2/x)
res12: List[Int] = List(5, 9, 25, 18, 2, 1, 1)

Complex

# Defining a case class

scala> case class cars(val name:String, val cost:Int)
 defined class cars

# Creating object for case class

scala> val car1 = cars("Mercedes", 50000)
car1: cars = cars(Mercedes,50000)

scala> val car2 = cars("BMW", 80000)

car2: cars = cars(BMW,80000)

scala> val car3 = cars("Jaquar", 70000)

car3: cars = cars(Jaquar,70000)

# Making the list of all cars

scala> val listOfCars = List(car1,car2,car3)
listOfCars: List[cars] = List(cars(Mercedes,50000),
cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000))

# Sort in ascending order of cost

scala> listOfCars.sortBy(c => c.cost)
res13: List[cars] = List(cars(Mercedes,50000),
cars(Jaquar,70000), cars(BMW,80000))

scala> listOfCars.sortBy(_.cost)
res14: List[cars] = List(cars(Mercedes,50000),
cars(Jaquar,70000), cars(BMW,80000))

# Sort in descending order of cost

scala> listOfCars.sortBy(_.cost).reverse
res15: List[cars] = List(cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000),
cars(Mercedes,50000))

# Sort in ascending order of name

scala> listOfCars.sortBy(_.name)
res16: List[cars] = List(cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000),
cars(Mercedes,50000))

C. sortWith
scala> val numbers = List(0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 1, 25, 18)
numbers: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 1, 25, 18)

scala> numbers.sortWith((x,y)=>x<y)
res18: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 1, 2, 5, 9, 18, 25)

scala> numbers.sortWith((x,y)=>x>y)
res19: List[Int] = List(25, 18, 9, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0)

scala> numbers.sortWith(_>_)
res20: List[Int] = List(25, 18, 9, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0)

Complex

# Defining a case class

scala> case class cars(val name:String, val cost:Int)
defined class cars

# Creating object for case class

scala> val car1 = cars("Mercedes", 50000)
car1: cars = cars(Mercedes,50000)

scala> val car2 = cars("BMW", 80000)

car2: cars = cars(BMW,80000)

scala> val car3 = cars("Jaquar", 70000)

car3: cars = cars(Jaquar,70000)

# Making the list of all cars

scala> val listOfCars = List(car1,car2,car3)
listOfCars: List[cars] = List(cars(Mercedes,50000),
cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000))

# Ascending order of cost

scala> listOfCars.sortWith((c1,c2) => c1.cost < c2.cost)
res21: List[cars] = List(cars(Mercedes,50000),
cars(Jaquar,70000), cars(BMW,80000))

# Descending order of cost

scala> listOfCars.sortWith((c1,c2) => c1.cost > c2.cost)
res22: List[cars] = List(cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000),
cars(Mercedes,50000))

# Descending order of cost using shorthand notation

scala> listOfCars.sortWith(_.cost > _.cost)
res23: List[cars] = List(cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000),
cars(Mercedes,50000))

# Descending order of name using shorthand notation

scala> listOfCars.sortWith(_.name > _.name)
res24: List[cars] = List(cars(Mercedes,50000),
cars(Jaquar,70000), cars(BMW,80000))

# More complex

scala> def sortingLogic(c1:cars,c2:cars) =

| {
 | println(c1.cost + c1.name)
| println(c2.cost + c2.name)
| c1.cost > c2.cost
| }
sortingLogic: (c1: cars, c2: cars)Boolean

scala> listOfCars.sortWith(sortingLogic)
80000BMW
50000Mercedes
70000Jaquar
80000BMW
80000BMW
70000Jaquar
70000Jaquar
50000Mercedes
70000Jaquar
80000BMW
80000BMW
70000Jaquar
res25: List[cars] = List(cars(BMW,80000), cars(Jaquar,70000),
cars(Mercedes,50000))

12. Mutable ListBuffer

a. import
import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer

b. create a empty ListBuffer of Int

scala> val numbers = new ListBuffer[Int]()
numbers: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] =
ListBuffer()

c. Add elements to ListBuffer

scala> numbers+=0
res27: numbers.type = ListBuffer(0)

scala> numbers+=1
res28: numbers.type = ListBuffer(0, 1)

scala> numbers+=2
res29: numbers.type = ListBuffer(0, 1, 2)

scala> numbers+=(2,4,6,8,10)
res30: numbers.type = ListBuffer(0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
d. Remove elements from ListBuffer
scala> numbers-=(2,10)
res31: numbers.type = ListBuffer(0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8)

e. Convert ListBuffer to a List

scala> val numbersList = numbers.toList
numbersList: List[Int] = List(0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8)

f. You can not add or remove elements in a List because List is immutable
scala> numbersList+=5
<console>:11: error: value += is not a member of List[Int]
numbersList+=5
^
g. Use Tab to see all the methods that you can apply to a ListBuffer
scala> numbers.
++ ++: ++=
++=: +: +=
+=: - --
--= -= /:
/:\ :+ :\
addString aggregate andThen
append appendAll apply
applyOrElse asInstanceOf canEqual
clear clone collect
collectFirst combinations companion
compose contains containsSlice
copyToArray copyToBuffer corresponds
count diff distinct
drop dropRight dropWhile
endsWith exists filter
filterNot find flatMap
flatten fold foldLeft
foldRight forall foreach
genericBuilder groupBy grouped
hasDefiniteSize head headOption
indexOf indexOfSlice indexWhere
indices init inits
insert insertAll intersect
isDefinedAt isEmpty isInstanceOf
isTraversableAgain iterator last
lastIndexOf lastIndexOfSlice lastIndexWhere
lastOption length lengthCompare
lift map mapResult
max maxBy min
minBy mkString nonEmpty
orElse padTo par
partition patch permutations
 prefixLength prepend prependAll
prependToList product readOnly
reduce reduceLeft reduceLeftOption
reduceOption reduceRight reduceRightOption
remove repr result
reverse reverseIterator reverseMap
runWith sameElements scan
scanLeft scanRight segmentLength
seq size sizeHint
sizeHintBounded slice sliding
sortBy sortWith sorted
span splitAt startsWith
stringPrefix sum tail
tails take takeRight
takeWhile to toArray
toBuffer toIndexedSeq toIterable
toIterator toList toMap
toSeq toSet toStream
toString toTraversable toVector
transform transpose trimEnd
trimStart union unzip
unzip3 update updated
view withFilter zip
zipAll zipWithIndex

h. Apply map to ListBuffer

scala> numbers.
| map(x => x*x)
res33: scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer[Int] =
ListBuffer(0, 1, 4, 16, 36, 64)