(Flow Edu) 23 2 9 #1 - 197

[고2] 2023년도 9월 모의고사 - 기출모음 #1
[고2] 2023년 09월 – 18번
1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 우리말 표현을 주어진 <조건>에 맞추어 영어

로 완성하시오.1)
I would like to draw your attention to a problem that

frequently occurs with the No. 35 buses. There is a bus
stop about halfway along Fenny Road, at which the No. 35
buses are supposed to stop. It would appear, however,
that some of your drivers are either unaware of this bus
stop or for some reason choose to ignore it, 버스가 꽉 차
지 않았음에도 운전해 지나쳐 가는 것으로, I would be
grateful if you could remind your drivers that this bus stop
exists and that they should be prepared to stop at it. I
look forward to seeing an improvement in this service
soon.
<조건>
1. 주어진 단어를 모두 포함하여 작성할 것
단어: past, the, buses, even, though, full
2. 분사구문을 사용할 것
3. 9단어로 작성할 것
→ _____________________________________________________
[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 19번
2. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?2)
My 10-year-old appeared, in desperate need of a quarter.

“A quarter? What on earth do you need a quarter for?”
(A) My tone bordered on irritation. I didn’t want to be

bothered with such a trivial demand. “There’s a garage
sale up the street, and there’s something I just gotta have!
It only costs a quarter. Please?”
(B) Inscribed at their feet were words that read It starts

with ‘L’ ends with ‘E’ and in between are ‘O’ and ‘V’. As I
watched him race back to the garage sale, I smiled with a
heart full of happiness. That 25-cent garage sale purchase
brought me a lot of joy.
(C) I placed a quarter in my son’s hand. Moments later, a

little voice said, “Here, Mommy, this is for you.” I glanced
down at the hands of my little son and saw a four-inch
cream-colored statue of two small children hugging one
another.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

5. 다음 글을 요약할 때, 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ중 나머지와 의미하는 바가

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 20번 다른 것은?5)
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure

3. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?3) out” ⓐwhy an employee has acted in a certain way.
Empathizing with employees in order to understand their
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure
point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing
out” why an employee has acted in a certain way.
with a problem area, in particular, remember that it is not
the person who is bad, but the actions exhibited on the
job. Avoid making suggestions to employees about ⓑ
personal traits they should change; instead suggest more
acceptable ways of performing. For example, instead of
job. Avoid making suggestions to employees about
focusing on ⓒa person’s tendency toward “unreliability,” a
manager might focus on the fact that the employee “has
been late to work seven times this month.” It is difficult
focusing on a person’s “unreliability,” a manager might
for employees to change ⓓwho they are; it is usually
focus on the fact that the employee “has been late to
much easier for them to change how they act. Moreover,
work seven times this month.” It is difficult for employees
it can sound less offensive to discuss ⓔone’s outer aspects
to change who they are; it is usually _______________________.
than to criticize their inner ones.
① much easier for them to change their personality

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
② even easier for them to change how they perform
③ useless for them to try to change how they act
④ far more difficult for employers to change their actions
⑤ very helpful for employers to empathize with 6. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?6)
employees Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to "figure

out" why an employee has acted in a certain way.
4. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?4) point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to "figure
focusing on a person's "unreliability," a manager might
focus on the fact that the employee "has been late to
work seven times this month." It is difficult for employees
to change who they are; it is usually much easier for them
to change how they act.
focusing on a person's "unreliability," a manager might
focus on the fact that the employee "has been late to
① Employees must avoid being late to work to be
work seven times this month." It is difficult for employees
promoted.
to change who they are; it is usually much easier for them
② It's important for subordinates to treat superiors with
to change ____________________.
a respectful attitude.
③ A more effective approach to employee coaching
① their plan
focuses on objective actions rather than personal traits.
② their personality
④ Managers should make an effort to put themselves in
③ how they act
the shoes of employees in order to facilitate smooth
④ what they want to do
communication.
⑤ what they think is bad
⑤ To assist with the emotional stability of employees,
there should always be a counselor available on-site in
the workplace.

7. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 적절한 말을 <보기>의 단어들을 모두 한 번 9. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?9)

씩만 사용하여 완성하시오.7)
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure out" why an employee has acted in a certain way.
out” why an employee has acted in a certain way. Empathizing with employees in order to understand their
Empathizing with employees in order to understand their point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing
point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing with a problem area, in particular, remember that it is not
with a problem area, in particular, remember that it is the the person who is bad, but the actions exhibited on the
actions exhibited on the job rather than the person who is job. Avoid making suggestions to employees about
bad. Make suggestions to employees about personal traits they should change; instead
_______________________________________. For example, instead of ___________________________________. For example, instead of
focusing on a person’s “unreliability,” a manager might focusing on a person's "unreliability," a manager might
focus on the fact that the employee “has been late to focus on the fact that the employee "has been late to
work seven times this month.” It is difficult for employees work seven times this month." It is difficult for employees
to change their personal traits; it is usually much easier for to change who they are; it is usually much easier for them
them to change ways of performing. to change how they act.
<보기> ① drop hints about their incompetence in an e-mail to

act / not / are / but / who / how / they / they the entire team
② organize a team-building event centered around fixing
→ _____________________________________________________ personal shortcomings
③ leave an anonymous note detailing the personality traits
that need immediate improvement
8. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?8) ④ create a ranking system for personal flaws and hand
out awards for the improved employees
⑤ address specific work-related behaviors, ensuring a
positive impact on their performance
the person who is bad, but the actions exhibited on the 10. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 옳은 것은?10)
job. Avoid making suggestions to employees about Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure
personal traits they should change; instead suggest more out” why an employee has acted in a certain way. ⓐ
acceptable ways of performing. For example, instead of Empathized with employees in order to understand their
focusing on a person's "unreliability," a manager might point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing
focus on the fact that the employee "has been late to with a problem area, in particular, remember that it is not
work seven times this month." It is difficult for employees the person who is bad, but the actions ⓑexhibited on the
to change who they are; it is usually much easier for them job. Avoid ⓒto make suggestions to employees about
to change how they act. personal traits they should change; instead suggest more
① The Necessity of Active Communication with focusing on a person’s “unreliability,” a manager might
Employees focus on the fact ⓓwhich the employee “has been late to
② The Importance of Employee Autonomy in the work seven times this month.” It is difficult ⓔemployees to
Workplace change who they are.
③ Impact of Employees Psychological Well-being on
Work ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
④ Effective Management by Separating Behavior from
Personal Traits
⑤ Ways to Assign Tasks Considering Employees' Personal
Choices

11. 다음 글의 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개수를 고른 것 12. Unscramble the given words and answer the
은?11) question.12)
Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to "figure
out” why an employee has acted in a certain way. ⓐ out" why an employee has acted in a certain way.
Empathize with employees in order to understand their Empathizing with employees in order to understand their
point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing point of view can be very helpful. However, when dealing
with a problem area, in particular, remember that it is not with a problem area, in particular, remember that it is not
the person ⓑthat is bad, but the actions exhibited on the the person who is bad, but the actions exhibited on the
job. Avoid ⓒmaking suggestions to employees about job. Avoid making suggestions to employees about
personal traits they should change; instead suggest more personal traits they should change; instead suggest more
acceptable ways of performing. For example, instead of acceptable ways of performing. For example, instead of
focusing on a person’s “unreliability,” a manager might focusing on a person's "unreliability," a manager might
focus on the fact ⓓwhich the employee “has been late to focus on the fact that the employee "has been late to
work seven times this month.” It is difficult for employees work seven times this month." It is difficult for employees
to change who they are; it is usually ⓔvery easier for to change who they are; it is usually much easier for them
them to change how they act. to change how they act.
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개 Q. How should managers provide feedback to employees

regarding their performance?
<보기>
on / give / of / personal traits / instead /
feedback / they / should / specific actions
<조건>
- <보기>의 표현을 모두 한 번씩만 사용할 것
- 주어진 표현 외의 단어를 사용했을 경우 단어당 감점 1점
답: _____________________________________________________

15. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A),

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 21번 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?15)
I suspect fungi are a little more forward "thinking" than

13. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 것은?13) their larger partners. Among trees, each species fights
other species. Let's assume the beeches native to Central
I suspect fungi are a little more forward “thinking” than
Europe could emerge victorious in most forests there.
their larger partners. Among trees, each species ⓐfights
Would this really be an advantage? What would happen if
other species. Let’s assume the beeches native to Central
a new pathogen came along that infected most of the
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn't it be more
advantageous if there were a certain number of other
species around - oaks, maples, or firs - that would
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it be more
continue to grow and provide the shade needed for a new
advantageous if there ⓑwere a certain number of other
generation of young beeches to sprout and grow up?
species around ― oaks, maples, or firs ― that would
Diversity provides security for ancient forests. Because fungi
are also very dependent on stable conditions, they support
other species underground and protect them from
Diversity ⓒprovides security for ancient forests. Because
complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree
fungi ⓓare also very dependent on stable conditions, they
doesn't manage to dominate.
support other species underground and protect them from
↓
complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree ⓔ
The writer thinks that fungi (A)__________ various tree
don’t manage to dominate.
species to lead to the (B)__________ of the forests by using
forward “thinking.”
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(A) (B)
① support stability
14. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적 ② kill infection
절한 곳은?14)
③ support collapse
Would this really be an advantage? ④ kill balance
⑤ protect destruction
their larger partners. Among trees, each species fights
other species. (A) Let's assume the beeches native to
Central Europe could emerge victorious in most forests
there. (B) What would happen if a new pathogen came
along that infected most of the beeches and killed them?
(C) In that case, wouldn't it be more advantageous if there
were a certain number of other species around - oaks,
maples, or firs - that would continue to grow and provide
the shade needed for a new generation of young beeches
to sprout and grow up? (D) Diversity provides security for
ancient forests. (E) Because fungi are also very dependent
on stable conditions, they support other species
underground and protect them from complete collapse to
ensure that one species of tree doesn't manage to
dominate.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

16. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?16) 18. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?18)
I suspect fungi are a little more forward thinking than I suspect fungi are a little more forward "thinking" than
their larger partners. Among trees, each species fights their larger partners. Among trees, each species fights
other species. other species. Let's assume the beeches native to Central
(A) Diversity provides security for ancient forests. Because Would this really be an advantage? What would happen if
fungi are also very dependent on stable conditions, they a new pathogen came along that infected most of the
support other species underground and protect them from beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn't it be more
complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree advantageous if there were a certain number of other
doesn’t manage to dominate. species around ― oaks, maples, or firs ― that would
(B) Let's assume the beeches native to Central Europe generation of young beeches to sprout and grow up?
could emerge victorious in most forests there. Would this Diversity provides security for ancient forests. Because fungi
really be an advantage? What would happen if a new are also very dependent on stable conditions, they support
pathogen came along that infected most of the beeches other species underground and protect them from
and killed them? complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree
doesn't manage to dominate.
(C) In that case, wouldn't it be more advantageous if there
were a certain number of other species around ㅡ oaks, ① Pathogen : Forest Killers
maples, or firs ㅡ that would continue to grow and ② Fungi : Guardians of Diversity
provide the shade needed for a new generation of young ③ Shelter from Infectious Diseases
beeches to sprout and grow up? ④ For Survival : Dominance vs Diversity
⑤ Beeches' Fierce War Against Pathogen
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) 19. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?19)
I suspect fungi are a little more forward “thinking” than

17. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?17)
other species. Let’s assume the beeches native to Central
I suspect fungi are a little more forward "thinking" than Europe could emerge victorious in most forests there.
their larger partners. Among trees, each species fights Would this really be an advantage? What would happen if
other species. Let's assume the beeches native to Central a new pathogen came along that infected most of the
Europe could emerge victorious in most forests there. beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn’t it be more
Would this really be an advantage? What would happen if advantageous if there were a certain number of other
a new pathogen came along that infected most of the species around – oaks, maples, or firs – that would
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn't it be more continue to grow and provide the shade needed for a new
advantageous if there were a certain number of other generation of young beeches to sprout and grow up?
species around - oaks, maples, or firs - that would Diversity provides security for ancient forests. Because fungi
continue to grow and provide the shade needed for a new are also very dependent on stable conditions, they support
generation of young beeches to sprout and grow up? other species underground and protect them from
_____________ provides security for ancient forests. Because complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree
fungi are also very dependent on stable conditions, they doesn’t manage to dominate.
support other species underground and protect them from
complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree ① Why Fungi Are Forward-Thinkers in Forests
doesn't manage to dominate. ② The Role of Beeches in Maintaining Forest Balance
③ Fungi: Supporters of the Dominance of One Species
① Soil ② Diversity ③ Adaptation ④ The Danger of Pathogens to Diversifying Forest
④ Dominance ⑤ Independence Species
⑤ Who Is Responsible for the Invasion of Foreign
Species?

20. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A)~(C)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?20) renders the forest ⓑvulnerable to total collapse by threats
such as diseases.
Teacher: Excellent analysis. What does the author suggest
in the role of fungi in a forest?
other species. Let's assume the beeches native to Central
Student C: Fungi form ⓒcompetitive relationships with
other species underground, mediating nutrient exchange
among various tree species.
Teacher: Precisely! In doing so, fungi create
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn't it be more
(A)_______________________ without (B)____________________.
(A)___________ if there were a certain number of other
species around ― oaks, maples, or firs ― that would
21. 위 <대화> 속 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ 중 본문을 바르게 이해하지 못
한 것의 번호를 고르고 <조건>에 맞게 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.21)
Diversity provides (B)___________ for ancient forests. Because <조건>
fungi are also very dependent on stable conditions, they ㆍ본문에서 적절한 표현을 찾아 고치되, 필요한 경우 형태를
support other species underground and protect them from 변형할 것
complete collapse to ensure that one species of tree ㆍ한 단어로 쓸 것
doesn't manage to (C)___________.
(1) 바르게 이해하지 못한 것의 번호 : _______________
(A) (B) (C) (2) 바르게 고친 표현: _________________________________
① brutal uncertainty dominate
② thriving stability blend in with others 22. 위 <대화> 속 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 말을 <조
③ brutal stability blend in with others 건>에 맞게 완성하시오.22)
④ thriving security prevail <보기>
⑤ brutal security prevail the others / thrive / overshadowing / where /
can / a(n) __________ ecosystem / each species /
 다음 글을 읽은 후 나눈 교사와 학생의 <대화>를 읽 <조건>

고 물음에 답하시오. ㆍ<보기>의 빈칸은 한 단어의 영어로 채우되, <대화>가 아닌
I suspect fungi are a little more forward "thinking" than 본문에서 적절한 표현을 찾아 형태를 변형하지 말고 채울 것
their larger partners. Among trees, each species exhibits ㆍ위의 조건에 따라 <보기>의 빈칸을 채우면 <보기>의 표현
competitive approach for sunlight and nutrients. Let's 은 총 11단어가 됨, <보기>의 표현을 모두 한 번씩만 사용해
assume the beeches native to Central Europe could emerge 빈칸 (A)를 8단어로, (B)를 3단어로 완성할 것
dominant in most forests there. What would happen if a ㆍ<보기>의 표현을 변형하지 말 것
new pathogen came along that infected most of the
beeches and killed them? In that case, wouldn't be any (A): _____________________________________________________
other species around that would continue to grow and (B): _____________________________________________________
provide the shade needed for a new generation of young
beeches to survive and sprout. The forest might struggle
to recover, and its long-term stability could be at risk.
Having a diverse range of species provides stability for
ancient forests. Because fungi are also very dependent on
stable conditions, they support other species underground
by exchanging nutrients and protect them from complete
collapse to ensure that one species of tree doesn't manage
to dominate.
<대화>
Teacher: Alright, class, let's start today lesson by examining
this passage together. Who would like to share thoughts
on it?
Student A: Tree species ⓐcompete with each other for
resources.
Student B: The example with beech trees suggests that the
dominance of one species of tree in the landscape actually

25. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 22번 않은 것은?25)
It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to

23. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?23) such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If
you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths, get
a massage, or go for a walk — but you can also try
such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If
simply closing your eyes and ⓐdaydreaming about some
future outcome that you might enjoy. But what about
massage, or go for a walk - but you can also try simply
when your objective is to make your wish a reality? The
closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future
last thing you want to be is ⓑrelaxed. You want to be
outcome that you might enjoy. But what about when your
energized enough to get off the couch and lose those
objective is to make your wish a reality? The last thing
pounds or find that job or study for that test, and you
you want to be is relaxed. You want to be energized
want to be ⓒfocused enough to stay engaged even when
enough to get off the couch and lose those pounds or
the inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The principle of
find that job or study for that test, and you want to be
"Dream it. Wish it. Do it." does not hold true, and now we
motivated enough to stay engaged even when the
know why: in dreaming it, you ⓓgenerate the energy you
inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The principle of
need to do it. You put yourself in a temporary state of
complete happiness, calmness — and ⓔinactivity.
know why: in dreaming it, you undercut the energy you
need to do it. You put yourself in temporary state of
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
complete happiness, calmness - and inactivity.
① Enjoy Your Everyday Life!

② Exercise Is Helpful For Releasing the Tension 26. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?26)
③ Motivation Is a Key to Having Your Wish Fulfilled It’s remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to
④ Relaxation: The Power of Getting Over Obstacles such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If
⑤ The Secret to Achieving Your Goals Is Dream What you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths, get
You Want a message, or go for a walk – but you can also try simply
closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future
24. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적 objective is to make your wish a reality? The last thing
절한 곳을 고르면?24) you want to be is relaxed. You want to be energized
But what about when your objective is to make your wish enough to get off the couch and lose those pounds or
a reality? find that job or study for that test, and you want to be
It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The principle of
such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. (A) “Dream it. Wish it. Do it.” does not hold true, and now
If you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths, we know why: in dreaming, you ____________________________.
get a massage, or go for a walk - but you can also try You put yourself in a temporary state of complete
simply closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future happiness, calmness – and inactivity.
outcome that you might enjoy. (B) The last thing you want
to be is relaxed. (C) You want to be energized enough to ① find chances to initiate action
get off the couch and lose those pounds or find that job ② undercut the energy you need to do it
or study for that test, and you want to be motivated ③ increase your chances of achieving it
enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable ④ take active steps towards your goal
obstacles or challenges arise. (D) The principle of "Dream ⑤ let stress get in the way of your success
it. Wish it. Do it." does not hold true, and now we know
why: in dreaming it, you undercut the energy you need to
do it. (E) You put yourself in a temporary state of
complete happiness, calmness - and inactivity.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

27. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적 29. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?29)
절한 곳은?27)
But what about when your objective is to make your wish such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If
a reality? you want to unwind, you can try simply closing your eyes
and fantasizing about some future outcome that you might
It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to enjoy. ⓐBut what about when your objective is to make
such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If your wish a reality? ⓑIn this case, you do not want to be
you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths, get relaxed. ⓒWhat you want to be is motivated enough to
a massage, or go for a walk ― but you can also try get off the couch and lose those pounds or find that job.
simply closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future ⓓYou want to be energized enough to keep you
outcome that you might enjoy. (A) The last thing you want interested even when problems or challenges come. ⓔThus,
to be is relaxed. (B) You want to be energized enough to in dreaming it, we do not believe the contents of our
get off the couch and lose those pounds or find that job dreams, but rather imagine them.
or study for that test, and you want to be motivated
enough to stay engaged even when the inevitable ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
obstacles or challenges arise. (C) The principle of "Dream it.
Wish it. Do it." does not hold true, and now we know
why: in dreaming it, you undercut the energy you need to
do it. (D) You put yourself in a temporary state of
complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivity. (E)
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?28)

such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. If
a massage, or go for a walk ― but you can also try
simply closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future
objective is to make your wish a reality? The last thing
you want to be is relaxed. You want to be energized
enough to get off the couch and lose those pounds or
find that job or study for that test, and you want to be
inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. The principle of
know why: in dreaming it, you undercut the energy you
need to do it. You put yourself in a temporary state of
complete happiness, calmness ― and inactivity.
↓
While positive fantasies make you (A)______, as long as
your aim is to realize your objective, fantasizing would
(B)______ the energy required to achieve your dream.
(A) (B)
① relax weaken
② tense outweigh
③ unwind boost
④ energize undermine
⑤ relax untail

 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
such an extent that it shows up in physiological tests. (A)
If you want to ⓐrelax, you can take some deep breaths,
get a massage, or go for a walk ― but you can also try
simply closing your eyes and fantasizing about some future
objective is to make your wish a reality? (B) You want to
be energized enough to get off the couch and lose those
ⓑpounds or find that job or study for that test, and you
want to be motivated enough to stay ⓒengaged even
when the inevitable obstacles or challenges arise. (C) The
principle of "Dream it. Wish it. Do it." does not hold true,
and now we know why: in dreaming it, you ⓓweaken the
energy you need to do it. (D) You put yourself in a
temporary state of complete happiness, calmness ― and ⓔ
inactivity. (E)
30. 윗글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳은?30)
The last thing you want to be is relaxed.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
31. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 <보기>의 단어를 사용하여 같은 의미

의 단어로 바꾸시오. (단, 필요한 경우 단어의 형태를 바꿀 수
있음)31)
<보기>
immobility / dollar / escapable / unravel /
immerse / unwind / money / undercut /
persistent / weight / impatience
ⓐ: ____________________
ⓑ: ____________________
ⓒ: ____________________
ⓓ: ____________________
ⓔ: ____________________

34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?34)

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 23번
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and
culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham
32. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?32) suggests, it stands to reason that ____________________________
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and in our time would have serious consequences for modern
culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham life, and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The
suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to
our time would have serious consequences for modern life, corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally
and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. ⓐThe been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family,
outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to making it easier for them to work outside the home and
corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic
been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family, conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and family
making it easier for them to work outside the home and dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved other
have careers. ⓑLeaving important food to an outside pressures in the household, including longer workdays and
company can save money and effort and cannot keep the overscheduled children, and saved us time that we can
hygiene of food clean. ⓒIt has headed off many of the now invest in other pursuits. It has also allowed us to
domestic conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles diversify our diets substantially, making it possible even for
and family dynamics was bound to spark. ⓓIt has relieved people with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a
other pressures in the household, including longer whole different cuisine. All that’s required is a microwave.
workdays and overscheduled children, and saved us time
that we can now invest in other pursuits. ⓔIt has also ① the improved social status of women
allowed us to diversify our diets substantially, making it ② developments in cooking appliances
possible even for people with no cooking skills and little ③ the spread of traditional foods
money to enjoy a whole different cuisine. All that’s ④ changes in gender roles
required is a microwave. ⑤ the reduction of cooking
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

33. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳은 것은?33) culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in
culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham our time would have serious consequences for modern life,
suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The
our time would have serious consequences for modern life, outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to
and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally
outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family,
corporations ⓐhave relieved women of what has making it easier for them to work outside the home and
traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for feeding have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic
the family, making it easier for them to work outside the conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and family
home and ⓑhad careers. It has headed off many of the dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved other
domestic conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles pressures in the household, including longer workdays and
and family dynamics ⓒwere bound to spark. It has relieved overscheduled children, and saved us time that we can
other pressures in the household, including longer now invest in other pursuits. It has also allowed us to
workdays and overscheduled children, and ⓓsaved us time diversify our diets substantially, making it possible even for
that we can now invest in other pursuits. It has also people with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a
allowed us to diversify our diets substantially, making it whole different cuisine. All that’s required is ________________.
possible even for people with no cooking skills and little
money ⓔenjoyed a whole different cuisine. All that's ① a dietary habit to enjoy a variety of food
required is a microwave. ② an active investment in technological development
③ something that can do the cooking instead of you
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ④ brand-new technology to free you from workplace
responsibilities
⑤ a microscopic view of interpreting economic
phenomenon

36. 다음 글을 요약할 때, (A)~(E)에 들어갈 말이 올바르게 짝지 37. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?37)

어진 것은?36)
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham
culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in
suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in our time would have serious consequences for modern life,
our time would have serious consequences for modern life, and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The
and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to
outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally
corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family,
been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family, making it easier for them to work outside the home and
making it easier for them to work outside the home and have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic
have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and family
conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and family dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved other
dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved other pressures in the household, including longer workdays and
pressures in the household, including longer workdays and overscheduled children, and saved us time that we can
overscheduled children, and saved us time that we can now invest in other pursuits. It has also allowed us to
now invest in other pursuits. It has also allowed us to diversify our diets substantially, making it possible even for
diversify our diets substantially, making it possible even for people with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a
people with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a whole different cuisine. All that's required is a microwave.
whole different cuisine. All that’s required is a microwave.
↓ ① As suggested by Richard Wrangham, it's logical to
The (A)__________ of cooking, (B)__________ to corporations, assume that the decline of cooking in modern times
has (C)__________ both positive and negative consequences. would bring about significant consequences.
On the positive side, it has (D)__________ women, ② Outsourcing the cooking tasks to corporations has
(E)__________ domestic conflicts, and saved time, enabling liberated women from the traditional burden of
diverse diets even for those with limited cooking skills. feeding the family, hindering them from pursuing
careers outside the home.
① reduction – handed over – processed – liberated – ③ Many potential domestic conflicts that could arise from
mitigated shifts in gender roles and family dynamics have been
② reduction – outsourced – yielded – oppressed – avoided due to the decline of cooking through
alleviated outsourcing.
③ decrease – outsourced – resulted in – depressed – ④ Cooking less through outsourcing has eased household
reduced stress, allowing us to save time that can now be spent
④ decrease – delegated – produced – emancipated – on other activities.
elevated ⑤ Those who aren't skilled at cooking and have limited
⑤ decrease – delegated – had – liberated – lessened financial resources can even enjoy different cuisines
with diversified diets.

38. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?38) The outsourcing of domestic cooking to corporations has
brought various benefits : (A)___________ of women from
cooking duties, decrease of household (B)___________,
economy of time, and (C)___________ of diets.
suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in
our time would have serious consequences for modern life,
(A): ______________________
and so it has.
(B): ______________________
(C): ______________________
(A) It has also allowed us to diversify our diets
substantially, making it possible even for people with no
cooking skills and little money to enjoy a whole different
cuisine. All that's required is a microwave.
40. 다음 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C) 안에 들어갈 문맥상 가장 적절
한 단어를 바르게 짝지은 것은?40)
(B) It has headed off many of the domestic conflicts that If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and
such a large shift in gender roles and family dynamics was culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham
bound to spark. It has relieved other pressures in the suggests, it stands to reason that the (A)[increase /
household, including longer workdays and overscheduled decrease] of cooking at home in our time would have
children, and saved us time that we can now invest in serious consequences for modern life, and so it has. Are
other pursuits. they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing of much of the
work of cooking to corporations has relieved women of
(C) Are they all bad? Not at all. The outsourcing of much what has traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for
of the work of cooking to corporations has relieved feeding the family, making it easier for them to work
women of what has traditionally been their exclusive outside the home and have careers. It has headed off
responsibility for feeding the family, making it easier for many of the (B)[domestic / racial] conflicts that such a
them to work outside the home and have careers. large shift in gender roles and family dynamics was bound
to spark. It has relieved other pressures in the household,
① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (B) - (A) - (C) including longer workdays and overscheduled children, and
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) saved us time that we can now invest in other pursuits. It
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) has also allowed us to (C)[expand / restrict] our diets
substantially, making it possible even for people with no
cooking skills and little money to enjoy a whole different
cuisine. All that’s required is a microwave.
39. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 할 때, 빈칸
(A)~(C)에 각각 들어갈 알맞은 한 단어를 본문에서 찾아 작성
하시오. (단, 단어는 변형할 수 없으며 각 빈칸에 들어갈 단어 (A) (B) (C)
는 모두 다름)39) ① increase domestic expand
If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and ② decrease racial restrict
culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham ③ increase racial restrict
suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in ④ decrease domestic expand
our time would have serious consequences for modern life, ⑤ decrease domestic restrict
and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The
outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to
corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally
been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family,
giving them liberty to work outside the home and have
careers. It has headed off many of the domestic conflicts
that such a large shift in gender roles and family dynamics
was bound to spark. It has also made it easier to deal
with longer workdays and overscheduled children, and thus
saved us time that we can now invest for other purposes.
Plus, it has allowed us to vary our diets substantially,
making it possible even for people with no cooking skills
and little money to enjoy a whole different cuisine. This
diversification could not even be imagined before. All that's
required is a microwave.
↓

41. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 (A)가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것

은?41)

suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in
our time would have serious consequences for modern life,
and so it has. Are they all bad? Not at all. The
outsourcing of much of the work of cooking to
corporations has relieved women of what has traditionally
been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the family,
making it easier for them to work outside the home and
have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic
conflicts that such a large shift in gender roles and family
dynamics was bound to spark. It has relieved other
pressures in the household, including longer workdays and
overscheduled children, and saved us time that we can
now invest in other pursuits. It has also allowed us to
diversify our diets substantially, making it possible even for
people with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a
whole different cuisine. (A)All that's required is a
microwave.
① Developments in cooking tools hinder diversification of

recipes.
② There is no need to purchase the latest advanced
technology.
③ Domestic cooking has lost advantages in saving costs.
④ Outsourcing has reduced the burden of domestic
cooking.
⑤ There will be no further development in cooking
technologies.

③ Consider each purchase carefully, researching the

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 24번 companies that receive your money
④ Set up priorities and review the history of their tax
payment
⑤ When making purchases, avoid extensive research on
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be the corporations involved
political. To whom do you want to give your money?
Which companies and corporations do you value and
respect? Be mindful about every purchase by carefully
44. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?44)
researching the corporations that are taking our money to
decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record As you may already know, what and how you buy can be
of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade political. To whom do you want to give your money?
practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they Which companies and corporations do you value and
make? Are they committed to bringing about good in the respect? Be mindful about every purchase by carefully
world? For instance, my family has found a company researching the corporations that are taking our money to
producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record
a social conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade
profits to the construction of toilets around the world, and practices and an endof-life plan for the products they
we’re genuinely happy to spend our money on this special make? Are they committed to bringing about good in the
toilet paper each month. The corporate world relies on world? For instance, my family has found a company
consumers. By choosing to buy from a company, you can producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with
______________________________________. a social conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their
profits to the construction of toilets around the world, and
① confuse the marketing department we’re genuinely happy to spend our money on this special
② pay a premium for status signaling toilet paper each month. Remember that the corporate
③ fuel your green ego with eco-friendly buy world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have
④ be a financial champion for the environment the power to vote with your wallet and encourage
⑤ give them a thumbs-up for what they do companies to embrace healthier and more sustainable
practices with every purchase you choose to make.
① 물건을 구매할 때 정치적인 이슈에 따라 구매여부를 결

43. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?43)
정하라.
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be ② 기업이나 회사가 우리의 돈을 가져갈 때 모든 상황을 경
political. To whom do you want to give your money? 계하라.
Which companies and corporations do you value and ③ 비닐 포장이 없는 화장지를 생산하는 기업은 재활용과
respect? (A)_______________________________ to decide if they 관련이 없다.
deserve our support. Do they have a record of polluting ④ 기업의 세계는 소비자를 중심으로 이루어지기 때문에 소
the environment, or do they have fiar-trade practices and 비자는 왕이다.
an end-of-life plan for the products they make? Are they ⑤ 제품을 구매할 때 기업들은 면밀히 조사하여 사회에 이
committed to bringing about good in the world? For 로운 회사의 제품을 구매하라.
instance, my family has found a company producing
recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with a social
conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their profits to
the construction of toilets around the world, and we’re
genuinely happy to spend our money on this special toilet
paper each month. Remember that the corporate world is
built on consumers, so as a consumer you have the power
to vote with your wallet and encourage companies to
embrace healthier and more sustainable practices with
every purchase you choose to make.
① Keep in mind that individuals should be aware of their

own consumption patterns
② Pay attention to many reviews showing their opinions
about the item from customers

45. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지  다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

않은 것은?45) As you may already know, what and how you buy can be
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be political. To whom do you want to give your money?
political. When you purchase something from a company, Which companies and corporations do you value and
you are, essentially, ⓐfunding a company to continue respect? Be mindful about every purchase by carefully
doing what they're doing. So, be mindful about every researching the corporations that are taking our money to
purchase by carefully researching the corporations to decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record
decide which brands you choose to ⓑstand for. Do they of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade
have a record of polluting the environment, or do they practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they
have fair-trade practices and an end-of-life plan for the make?
products they make? For instance, my family has found a Are they committed to bringing about good in the world?
company producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet For instance, my family has found a company producing
paper with a social conscience. They ⓒcontribute to the recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with a social
construction of toilets around the world by donating 50 conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their profits to
percent of their profits, and we're very happy to spend our the construction of toilets around the world, and we're
money on this special toilet paper each month. Remember genuinely happy to spend our money on this special toilet
that the corporate world is ⓓinseparable from consumers, paper each month. Remember that the corporate world is
so be a conscious consumer. Embrace the power to vote built on consumers, so as a consumer you have the power
with your wallet and encourage companies to ⓔoverlook to vote with your wallet and encourage companies to
healthier and more ethical practices. embrace healthier and more sustainable practices with
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
47. 윗글의 밑줄 친 what and how you buy can be political
가 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?47)
46. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?46) ① your spending patterns are influenced by politicians
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be ② government policies for ethical consumption are
political. To whom do you want to give your money? needed
Which companies and corporations do you value and ③ your consumption behavior can affect corporation
respect? Be mindful about every purchase by carefully practices
researching the corporations that are taking our money to ④ public consumption should not be left to the market
decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record alone

of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade ⑤ popular consumption culture is one of the main
practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they political concerns
make? Are they committed to bringing about good in the
world? For instance, my family has found a company 48. 윗글의 내용을 다음과 같이 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸에 들어갈
producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with 적절한 말을 본문에서 찾아 한 단어로 쓰시오. (단, 필요시 어
형을 바꿀 것)48)
a social conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their
profits to the construction of toilets around the world, and Every purchase holds (A)___________ significance, urging
we’re genuinely happy to spend our money on this special consumers to (B)___________ companies' practices,
toilet paper each month. Remember that The corporate considering factors like (C)___________ impact, fair-trade
world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have policies, and societal (D)___________, thereby empowering
the power to vote with your wallet and encourage individuals to (E)___________ companies aligned with their
companies to embrace healthier and more sustainable values and promote positive change through their
practices with every purchase you choose to make. In (F)___________ choices.
other words, consumers need to have conscious
consumption, which ________________________. (A): ____________________ (B): ____________________
(C): ____________________ (D): ____________________
① saves a lot of money fast (E): ____________________ (F): ____________________
② generates waste of resources
③ enhances their right and position
④ develops the economy of the nation
⑤ advocates companies to do desirable things

49. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적 environment

절한 곳은?49) ⑤ neglect the corporate social responsibility and aim at
making profits
For example, my family has found a company producing
recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with a social
conscience.
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be As you may already know, what and how you buy can be
political. To whom do you want to give your money? political. To whom do you want to give your money?
Which companies and corporations do you value and Which companies and corporations do you value and
respect? (A) Be mindful about every purchase by carefully respect? Be mindful about every purchase by carefully
researching the corporations that are taking our money to researching the corporations that are taking our money to
decide if they deserve our support. (B) Do they have a decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record
record of polluting the environment, or do they have of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade
fair-trade practices and an end-of-life plan for the products practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they
they make? (C) Are they committed to bringing about make? Are they committed to bringing about good in the
good in the world? (D) It contributes 50 percent of its world? For instance, my family has found a company
profits to the construction of toilets around the world, and producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with
we’re genuinely happy to spend our money on this special a social conscience. They contribute 50 percent of their
toilet paper each month. (E) Remember that the corporate profits to the construction of toilets around the world, and
world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have we're genuinely happy to spend our money on this special
the power to vote with your wallet and encourage toilet paper each month. Remember that the corporate
companies to embrace healthier and more sustainable world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have
practices with every purchase you choose to make. _________________________________________.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① the effective means to motivate companies to practice
good
② the right to demand information about production
50. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?50) processes
③ the awareness to cut excessive consumption for sound
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be
budget
④ the responsibility to prioritize the profitability of a
company
⑤ the authority to allocate resources to minimize
companies’ losses
decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record
of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade
practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they
world? For instance, my family has found a company
producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with
we're genuinely happy to spend our money on this special
toilet paper each month. Remember that the corporate
world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have
the power to vote with your wallet and encourage
companies to ___________________________________________ with
① expose their political inclinations openly

② accept more environmentally friendly and ethical
practices
③ supply prompt and more efficient customer service for
consumers
④ devote themselves to fair trade rather than the

52. 다음 글의 제목을 완성하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈

말로 적절한 한 단어를 각각 순서대로 적으시오. (본문에 없는
단어를 사용할 것)52)
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be
decide if they deserve our support. Do they have a record
of polluting the environment, or do they have fair-trade
practices and an end-of-life plan for the products they
world? For instance, my family has found a company
producing recycled, plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with
we’re genuinely happy to spend our money on this special
toilet paper each month. Remember that the corporate
world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have
the power to vote with your wallet and encourage
companies to embrace healthier and more sustainable
practices with every purchase you choose to make.
→ Buy (A)___________, Make Companies Do the (B)___________

Things
(A) ________________________
(B) ________________________

54. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?54)

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 25번
53. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하는 것은?53)
The graph above shows the findings of a survey on the

use of smart TVs to go online in the UK from 2013 to
2020, by gender. ⓐIn each year from 2013 to 2020, the
The graph above shows the findings of a survey on the percentage of male respondents who used smart TVs to
use of smart TVs to go online in the UK from 2013 to access the Internet was higher than that of female
2020, by gender. ⓐIn each year from 2013 to 2020, the respondents. ⓑThe percentage gap between the two
percentage of female respondents who used smart TVs to genders was the largest in 2016 and in 2020, which both
access the Internet was higher than that of male had an 8 percentage point difference. ⓒIn 2020, the
respondents. ⓑThe percentage gap between the two percentage of respondents who reported using smart TVs
genders was the lowest in 2013 and in 2017, which both to go online was lower than 30% for both males and
and 1 percentage point difference. ⓒIn 2019m the females. ⓓFor male respondents, 2017 was the only year
percentage of respondents who reported using smart TVs that saw a decrease in the percentage of those accessing
to go online was higher than 25% for both males and the Internet via smart TVs compared to the previous year,
females. ⓓFor female respondents, 2017 was the only year during the given period. ⓔIn 2014, the percentage of
that saw a decrease in the percentage of those accessing females using smart TVs to access the Internet was the
the Internet via smart TVs compared to the previous year, lowest during the given period at 6%, and it was 11% in
during the given period. ⓔIn 2014, the percentage of 2015.
males using smart TVs to access the Internet was the
lowest during the given period at 10% ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

55. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?55) 56. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하는 것은?56)
The graph above shows the findings of a survey on the

The graph above shows the findings of a survey on the use of smart TVs to go online in the UK from 2013 to
use of smart TVs to go online in the UK from 2013 to 2020, by gender. ⓐIn each year from 2013 to 2020, the
2020, by gender. ⓐIn each year from 2013 to 2020, the percentage of female respondents using smart TVs to
percentage of male respondents who used smart TVs to access the Internet was slightly higher than that of male
access the Internet was higher than that of female respondents. ⓑThe percentage gap between the two
respondents. ⓑThe percentage gap between the two genders was the smallest in 2013 and in 2017, which both
genders was the largest in 2016 and in 2020, which both had a single percentage point difference. ⓒMeanwhile, the
had an 8 percentage point difference. ⓒIn 2020, the percentage gap between them was the largest in 2018,
percentage of respondents who reported using smart TVs which had more than five percentage point difference. ⓓIn
to go online was higher than 40% for both males and 2019, the percentage of respondents who used smart TVs
females. ⓓFor male respondents, 2017 was the only year to access the Internet was higher than 30% for both males
that saw a decrease in the percentage of those accessing and females. ⓔFor female respondents, 2014 was the only
the Internet via smart TVs compared to the previous year, year that saw an increase in the percentage of those going
during the given period. ⓔIn 2014, the percentage of online via smart TVs compared to the previous year, during
females using smart TVs to access the Internet was the the given period.
lowest during the given period at 6%.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

purpose
[고2] 2023년 09월 – 26번 ⑤ ⓔ: a book, magazine, etc., that has been printed and
made available to the public
57. 다음 글의 Camille Flammarion에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는

것은?57)
Camille Flammarion was born at Montigny-le-Roi, France.

59. 다음 글에서 언급되지 않은 것은?59)
He became interested in astronomy at an early age, and Camille Flammarion was born at Montigny-le-Roi, France.
when he was only sixteen he wrote book on the origin of He became interested in astronomy at an early age, and
the world. The manuscript was not published at the time, when he was only sixteen he wrote a book on the origin
but it came to the attention of Urbain Le Verrier, the of the world. The manuscript was not published at the
director of the Paris Observatory. He became an assistant time, but it came to the attention of Urbain Le Verrier, the
to Le Verrier in 1858 and worked as a calculator. At director of the Paris Observatory. He became an assistant
nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality of to Le Verrier in 1858 and worked as a calculator. At
Inhabited Worlds, in which he. passionately claimed that nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality of
life exists outside the planet Earth. His most successful Inhabited Worlds, in which he passionately claimed that life
work, Popular Astronomy, was published in 1880, and exists outside the planet Earth. His most successful work,
eventually sold 130,000 copies. With his own funds, he Popular Astronomy, was published in 1880, and eventually
built an observatory at Juvisy and spent May to November sold 130,000 copies. With his own funds, he built an
of each year there. In 1887, he founded the French observatory at Juvisy and spent May to November of each
Astronomical Society and served as editor of its monthly year there. In 1887, he founded the French Astronomical
publication. Society and served as editor of its monthly publication.
① 어린 나이에 천문학에 흥미가 생겼다. ① the birth place of Camille Flammarion

② 1858년에 Le Verrier의 조수가 되었다. ② the title of the book Camille wrote at age 16
③ 19세에 쓴 책에서 외계 생명체의 존재를 주장했다. ③ the name of the director of the Paris Observatory
④ 동료들의 재정적 도움으로 Juvisy에 천문대를 세웠다. ④ the year when Popular Astronomy was published
⑤ French Astronomical Society를 설립했다. ⑤ the year when the French Astronomical Society was
founded
58. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 문맥상 의미가 잘못 연결된

것은?58)
Camille Flammarion was born at Montigny-le-Roi, France.

He became interested in ⓐastronomy at an early age, and
when he was only sixteen he wrote a book on origin of
the world. The ⓑmanuscript was not published at the time,
but it came to the attention of Urbain Le Verrier, the
director of the Paris Observatory. He became an ⓒassistant
to Le Verrier in 1858 and worked as a calculator. At
nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality of
Inhabited Worlds, in which he passionately claimed that life
exists outside the planet Earth. His most successful work,
Popular Astronomy, was published in 1880, and eventually
sold 130,000 copies. With his own ⓓfunds, he built an
observatory at Juvisy and spent May to November of each
year there. In 1887, he founded the French Astronomical
Society and served as editor of its monthly ⓔpublication.
① ⓐ: a science that deals with the relationships between

groups of living and their environments
② ⓑ: the original copy of a play, book, piece of music,
etc.
③ ⓒ: a person whose job is to help another person to
do work
④ ⓓ: an amount of money that is used for a special

결정한다.
[고2] 2023년 09월 – 29번 ④ 개인은 판매 유효 기한에 대해 다른 판단을 하고 상품의
유독성 여부도 결정할 수 있다.
⑤ 상하지 않는 품목은 큰 묶음으로 사는 것이 비용 측면에
서 효율적인 수 있다.
않은 것은?60)
There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by

date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the
waste stream, further ⓐincreasing its carbon footprint.
Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by
miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the
they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint.
own ⓑjudgement about sell-by dates; those brought up
during the Second World War are often ⓒscornful of the (A) The manufacturer then decides that a product can
terrible waste they believe such caution encourages. The reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and 90 days
manufacturer of the food has a view when making or minus so many days for travelling gives the sell-by date.
growing something that by the time the product reaches
the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days (B) Remember those items have already travelled hundreds
and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides of miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste
that a product can reasonably be ⓓconsumed within say they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our
90 days and 90 days minus so many days for travelling own judgement about sell-by dates.
gives the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is
something each individual can decide. It would seem to (C) But whether it becomes toxic is something each
make sense not to buy large packs of perishable goods individual can decide. It would seem to make sense not to
but non-perishable items may become ⓔcost-noneffective. buy large packs of perishable goods but nonperishable
items may become cost-effective.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
(D) For example, those brought up during the Second
World War are often scornful of the terrible waste they
61. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?61) believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer of the
food has a view when making or growing something that
by the time product reaches the shelves it has already
been travelling for so many days and possibly many miles.
waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint.
Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of
① (A) - (B) - (D) - (C) ② (B) - (C) - (A) - (D)
miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste
③ (B) - (D) - (A) - (C) ④ (C) - (B) - (A) - (D)
they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our
⑤ (C) - (D) - (B) - (A)
own judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up
during the Second World War are often scornful of the
terrible waste they believe such caution encourages. The
manufacturer of the food has a view when making or
growing something that by the time the product reaches
the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days
and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides
that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90
days and 90 days minus so many days for traveling gives
the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is something
each individual can decide. It would seem to make sense
not to buy large packs of perishable goods but
non-perishable items may become cost-effective.
① 한 품목의 유효기한이 지나면 폐기물이 되어 이산화탄소

의 총량이 늘어난다.
② 제 2차 세계대전 중 자란 사람들은 전시 상황으로 인해
유효 기한이 주는 경고를 무시했다.
③ 식품 제조업자들은 이동거리를 고려해 판매 유효 기한을

63. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적 sell-by dates and expiration dates
절한 것은?63)
But we all make our own judgement about sell-by dates.

There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by
date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the
waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint. waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint.
Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of
miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste
they start a new carbon mile Journey. (A) For example, they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our
those brought up during the Second World War are often own judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up
scornful of the terrible waste they believe such caution during the Second World War are often scornful of the
encourages. (B) The manufacturer of the food has a view terrible waste they believe such caution encourages. The
when making or growing something that by the time the manufacturer of the food has a view when making or
product reaches the shelves it has already been travelling growing something that by the time the product reaches
for so many days and possibly many miles. (C) The the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days
manufacturer then decides that a product can reasonably and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides
be consumed within say 90 days and 90 days minus so that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90
many days for travelling gives the sell-by date. (D) But days and 90 days minus so many days for travelling gives
whether it becomes toxic is something each individual can the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is something
decide. (E) It would seem to make sense not to buy large each individual can decide. It would seem to make sense
packs of perishable goods but nonperishable items may to _____________________________________.
become cost-effective.
① ignore sell-by date sometimes
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ② require a guide line for decisions
③ avoid purchasing non-perishable goods
④ devise a method to maximize sell-by date
64. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?64) ⑤ find out cost-effective ways to buy a product

they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all
_______________________________. Those brought up during the
Second World War are often scornful of the terrible waste
they believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer of
the food has a view when making or growing something
that by the time the product reaches the shelves it has
already been travelling for so many days and possibly
many miles. The manufacturer then decides that a product
can reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and 90
days minus so many days for travelling gives the sell-by
date. But whether it becomes toxic is something each
individual can decide. It would seem to make sense not to
buy large packs of perishable goods but non-perishable
items may become cost-effective.
① judge sell-by dates of products in our own way

② trust the selling practices of the food manufacturers
③ establish rational and economic management strategies
④ strive to reduce our carbon footprint to preserve the
environment
⑤ need to be aware of the subtle difference between

66. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?66)

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
date. Once an item is part that date it goes into the waste
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
stream, further increasing its carbon footprint. Remember
those items have already travelled hundreds of miles to
reach the shelves and once they go into waste they start a
new carbon mile journey. But we all make our own
judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up during There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by
the Second World War are often scornful of the terrible date. Once an item is past that date it goes into the
waste they believe such caution encourages. The waste stream, further increasing its carbon footprint.
manufacturer of the food has a view when making or Remember those items have already travelled hundreds of
growing something that by the time the product reaches miles to reach the shelves and once they go into waste
the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make our
and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides own judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up
that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90 during the Second World War are often scornful of the
days and 90 days minus so many days for travelling gives terrible waste they believe such caution encourages. The
the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is something manufacturer of the food has a view when making or
each individual can decide. It would seem to make sense growing something that by the time the product reaches
not to buy large packs of perishable goods but the shelves it has already been travelling for so many days
non-perishable items may become cost-effective. and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides
that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90
① Sell-by date? Make Up Your Own Mind! days and 90 days minus so many days for travelling gives
② Past Sell-by date? Let’s Throw Out the Items! the sell-by date. But whether it becomes toxic is something
③ How to Monitor Carbon Footprint in Manufacturing each individual can decide. It would seem to make sense
Industry not to buy large packs of perishable goods but
④ The Secret to Saving Your Money: Buy Cost-effective non-perishable items may become cost-effective.
Goods
⑤ Sustainability: Virtue Consumers and Manufacturers ① 판매 유효기한이 경과한 품목의 폐기를 최소화해야 한다.
Should Pursue ② 설정된 판매 유효기한에 대한 판단은 각 소비자의 몫이
다.
③ 판매 유효기한의 설정은 제조업자의 고유 권한으로 지켜
67. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?67) 져야 한다.
④ 폐기물을 조장하는 판매 유효기한 대신 소비기한으로 대
체해야 한다.
⑤ 쉽게 상하는 제품에 대한 판매 유효기한 설정은 엄격하
게 규제돼야 한다.
they start a new carbon mile journey.
(A) The manufacturer then decides that a product can

reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and 90 days
minus so many days for travelling gives the sell-by date.
But whether it becomes toxic is something each individual
can decide. It would seem to make sense not to buy large
packs of perishable goods but non-perishable items may
become cost-effective.
(B) When producing or cultivating food, the food
manufacturer consider the fact that the product will have
traveled for several days and possibly even miles before it
reaches the shelves.
(C) However, each of us determines the sell-by dates in
our own way; those brought up during the Second World
War are often scornful of the terrible waste they believe
such caution encourages.

evening.
[고2] 2023년 09월 – 30번
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed
from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which
gradually degrades it over time. Based in large part on
71. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 재진술 할 때, 의미가 달라지는
genetics, some people have a more efficient version of the
것은?71)
enzyme that degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly
The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed
clear it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can
from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which
drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at
gradually degrades it over time. ⓐBased in large part on
midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a
genetics, some people have a more efficient version of the
slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for
enzyme that degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly
their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As
clear it from the bloodstream. ⓑThese rare individuals can
a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects. One
cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the
midnight without a problem. ⓒHowever, eliminating the
day, and should they have a second cup, even early in the
same amount of caffeine for others with a slower-acting
afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the
version of the enzyme requires a longer time, resulting in
evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance:
being sensitive to caffeine’s effects. ⓓOne cup of tea or
the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body
coffee in the morning will last much of the day, and
to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we
should they have a second cup, even early in the
become in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting influence.
afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the
evening. ⓔAging also alters the speed of caffeine
① 인체에 미치는 알코올 분해 효소의 영향은 사람마다 다
clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes our brain
르다.
and body to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive
② 유전적인 특징과 노화에 따라 카페인을 분해하는 속도가
we become in later life to caffeine’s sleep-disrupting
다르다.
influence.
③ 카페인에 민감한 사람들이 덜 민감한 사람보다 커피를
잘 마신다.
① ⓐ Genetic factors play an important role with some
④ 카페인이 들어 있는 음식과 그렇지 않은 음식을 구분해
individuals who have a more efficient form of the
서 섭취해야 한다.
enzyme, enabling their liver to swiftly eliminate it from
⑤ 카페인은 인체의 간에 영향을 끼치지만 뇌에는 영향을
the bloodstream.
주지 않는다.
② ⓑ Individuals with an efficient enzyme can get an
expresso during dinner and hardly go to bed at
midnight.
③ ⓒ On the other hand, certain individuals have a
The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed slower-acting version of the enzyme, which takes a
from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which long time for their bodies to get rid of the caffeine,
gradually degrades it over time. causing the vulnerability of the caffeine.
④ ⓓ One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will have
(A) These rare individuals can drink an espresso with an effect on the much of the day, and if they get a
dinner and fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem. second cup in the afternoon, it will be hard for them
Others, however, have a slower-acting version of the to go to sleep in the evening.
enzyme. It takes far longer for their system to eliminate ⑤ ⓔ Moreover, the speed of caffeine removal is affected
the same amount of caffeine. by aging, so it leads to the increase of sensitivity to
(B) Based in large part on genetics, some people have a the sleep-disrupting effects of caffeine in later life as it
more efficient version of the enzyme that degrades takes more time to eliminate the caffeine with age.
caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly clear it from the
bloodstream.
(C) As a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects.
One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of
the day, and should they have a second cup, even early in
the afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the

72. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?72) 74. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?74)
The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed
from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which from your system by an enzyme within your liver, which
gradually degrades it over time. Based in large part on gradually degrades it over time. Based in large part on
genetics, some people have a more efficient version of the genetics, some people have a more efficient version of the
enzyme that degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly enzyme that degrades caffeine, allowing the liver to rapidly
clear it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can clear it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can
drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at
midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a
slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for
their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As
a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects. One a result, their bodies _______________________________. One cup
cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the day,
day, and should they have a second cup, even early in the and should they have a second cup, even early in the
afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the
evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance:
the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body
to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we
become in later life to caffeine’s sleep-disrupting influence. become in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting influence.
① The Negative Effects of Caffeine ① have low sensitivity to caffeine

② The Negative Effects of Caffeine ② become free to caffeine's influence
③ The Background of Caffeine Absorption ③ react strongly to the effects of caffeine
④ The Genetical Causes of Delayed Removal of Caffeine ④ depend heavily on sleep for their productivity
⑤ The Speed of Eliminating Caffeine and Caffeine ⑤ respond positively to the new exercise routine
Sensitivity
75. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 글의 흐름으로 보아 문맥상 적절

73. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?73) 하지 않은 것은?75)
The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed
clear it from the bloodstream. These are individuals can ⓐabsorb it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals
drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at can drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast asleep at
midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a ⓑ
slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for
their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As their system to ⓒeliminate the same amount of caffeine.
a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine’s effects. One As a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects.
cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the One cup of tea or coffee in the morning will ⓓlast much
day, and should they have a second cup, even early in the of the day, and should they have a second cup, even early
afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the in the afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in
evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine ⓔ
the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes our brain
to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we and body to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive
become in later life to caffeine’s sleep-disrupting influence. we become in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting
influence.
① Positive Effects of Taking Caffeine Every Morning
② The Secret to Maintaining Your Health and Youth ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
③ Factors to Influence Speed to Eliminate Caffeine
④ Caffeine Addiction: It Makes People More Sensitive
⑤ Why Do People Have Different Amount of Enzyme?

76. 주어진 글에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?76) 77. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?77)
The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed The "jolt" of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed
clear it from the bloodstream. clear it from the bloodstream. These rare individuals can
(A) Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance: the midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a
older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body to slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for
remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we become their system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As
in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting influence. a result, they are very sensitive to caffeine's effects. One
cup of tea or coffee in the morning will last much of the
(B) It takes far longer for their system to eliminate the day, and should they have a second cup, even early in the
same amount of caffeine. As a result, they are very afternoon, they will find it difficult to fall asleep in the
sensitive to caffeine's effects. One cup of tea or coffee in evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine clearance:
the morning will last much of the day, and should they the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body
have a second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we
find it difficult to fall asleep in the evening. become in later life to caffeine's sleep-disrupting influence.
(C) These rare individuals can drink an espresso with dinner ① Liver: A Savior From Caffeine Addiction
and fall fast asleep at midnight without a problem. Others, ② Behaving Sensitively Comes From Caffeine
however, have a slower-acting version of the enzyme. ③ Who Is More Caffeine-Responsive, and Who Is Not?
④ Caffeine Tests Can Tell You How Healthy You Are
① (A) – (C) – (B) ② (B) – (A) – (C) ⑤ Why Do We Find It Difficult to Stay Late at Night?
③ (B) – (C) – (A) ④ (C) – (A) – (B)
⑤ (C) – (B) – (A)

pursue. Ironically, people’s reluctance to follow others’

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 31번 opinion can be redirected by the marketers’ intention.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

78. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?78)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is
doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These
people will look for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned)
80. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지
can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to
않은 것은?80)
believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you
Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever marketers
strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your
influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, “Everyone is
independence and uniqueness, I would present the majority
doing it” may turn some people off from an idea. These
option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual
people will look for ⓐalternatives, which (if cleverly
preference. We are often tricked when we try to maintain
planned) can be exactly what a marketer or persuader
a position of defiance. People use this reversal to make us
wants you to believe. If I want you to consider an idea,
"independently" choose an option which suits their
and know you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of
purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of our
maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I would
defiance towards the mainstream and positioned
present the majority option first, which you would ⓑrefuse
themselves as rebels; which has created even stronger
in favor of my actual preference. We are often tricked
brand loyalty.
when we try to maintain a position of ⓒobedience. People
use this reversal to make us “independently” choose an
① effective ways to shop wisely as a rebel customer
option which ⓓmeets their purposes. Some brands have
② defying attitude of customers as a double-edged
taken full effect of our defiance towards the mainstream
sword
and positioned themselves as rebels; which has created
③ clever marketing that penetrates the psychology of
even ⓔmore brand loyalty.
rebels
④ marketing strategies of rebel companies to sustain
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
brand loyalty
⑤ transfer of smart customers to independent and
unique products
81. 다음 글의 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?81)
Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers

79. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?79) influence them just like the rest of us. Saying. "Everyone is
doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These
Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever marketers
influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, “Everyone is
can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to
doing it” may turn some people off from an idea.
believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you
strongly ____________ popular opinion in favor of maintaining
(A) People use this reversal to make us “independently”
your independence and uniqueness, I would present the
choose an option which suits their purposes. Some brands
majority option first, which you would ____________ in favor
have taken full effect of our defiance towards the
of my actual preference. We are often tricked when we try
mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels; which has
to maintain a position of defiance. People use this to
created even stronger brand loyalty.
make us "independently" choose an option which suits
their purposes. Some brands have made full use of our
(B) For example, if I want you to consider an idea, and
defiance towards the mainstream and positioned
know you strongly reject popular opinion in favor of
themselves as rebels: which has created even stronger
maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I would
brand loyalty.
present the majority option first, which you would reject in
favor of my actual preference. We are often tricked when
① submit ② spurn ③ amend
we try to maintain a position of defiance.
④ discern ⑤ grant
(C) These people will look for alternatives. If cleverly

planned, the alternatives they find and choose can be
exactly what a marketer or persuader wants them to

82. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?82) 84. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝지어진 것
은?84)
influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers
doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is
people will look for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These
can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to people will look for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned)
believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to
strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you
independence and uniqueness, I would present the majority strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your
option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual independence and uniqueness, I would present
preference. We are often tricked when we try to maintain (A)________________________ after (B)________________________
a position of defiance. People use this reversal to make us which you would decline. We are often tricked when we
"independently" choose an option which suits their try to maintain a position of defiance. People use this
purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of our reversal to make us "independently" choose an option
defiance towards the mainstream and positioned which suits their purposes. Some brands have taken full
themselves as rebels; which has created even stronger effect of our defiance towards the mainstream and
brand loyalty. positioned themselves as rebels; which has created even
stronger brand loyalty.
① Consumers’ rebellion could be utilized by marketer’s
strategies. (A) (B)
② No matter how clever a marketer might be, it’s hard ① my actual preference the majority option
to deceive a rebellious consumer. ② my actual preference the minority option
③ In order to induce consumption, marketers use ③ the majority option my actual preference
consumers’ psychology to follow the trend. ④ the minority option my actual preference
④ When making purchase choices, defiant consumers are ⑤ the majority option the popular opinion
likely to reject the minority option.
⑤ Some brands position themselves as a symbol of
defiance, getting consumers to choose varied brands. 85. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?85)

influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is
83. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 (A)~(E) 중, 어법상 어색한 문장은?83) doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. These
Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers people will look for alternatives, which (if cleverly planned)
influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to
doing it" may turn some people off from an idea. (A)These believe. If I want you to consider an idea, and know you
people will look for alternatives, which are the exact things strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your
a marketer or persuader wants you to believe. (B)If I want independence and uniqueness, I would present the majority
you to consider an idea and know you strongly reject option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual
popular opinion in order to maintain your independence preference. We are often tricked when we try to maintain
and uniqueness. (C)I would present the majority option a position of defiance. People use this reversal to make us
first, and then you would reject it in favor of my actual "independently" choose an option which suits their
preference. (D)People use this reversal to make us purposes. Some brands have taken full effect of our
"independently" choose an option that suits their purposes. defiance towards the mainstream and positioned
(E)Some brands have taken full effect of our defiance themselves as rebels; which has created even stronger
towards the mainstream and positioned them as rebels, brand loyalty.
which has created even stronger brand loyalty.
① the creativeness of rebels in choosing alternatives
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ② the way clever marketers exercise influence on rebels
③ the advances of brands having rebels as their
customers
④ the importance of having objective attitudes toward
rebels
⑤ the difficulties of persuading rebels to believe a new
idea

86. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?86)  다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever marketers Rebels may think they're rebels, but clever marketers
influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, “Everyone is influence them just like the rest of us. Saying, "Everyone is
doing it” may turn some people off from an idea. These doing it" may turn some people off from an idea.
can be exactly what a marketer or persuader wants you to (A) People use this reversal to make ⓐus "independently"
believe. ⓐIf I want you to consider an idea, and know you choose an option which suits their purposes. Some brands
strongly reject popular opinion in favor of maintaining your have taken full effect of our defiance towards the
independence and uniqueness, I would present the majority mainstream and positioned ⓑthemselves as rebels; which
option first, which you would reject in favor of my actual has created even stronger brand loyalty.
preference. ⓑMost teenagers are keen on trends and want
to follow foreign celebrities. ⓒWe are often tricked when (B) ⓒThese people will look for alternatives, which (if
we try to maintain a position of defiance. ⓓPeople use cleverly planned) can be exactly what a marketer or
this reversal to make us “independently” choose an option persuader wants you to believe. If I want ⓓyou to
which suits their purposes. ⓔSome brands have taken full consider an idea, and know you strongly reject popular
effect of our defiance towards the mainstream and opinion in favor of maintaining your independence and
positioned themselves as rebels; which has created even uniqueness.
stronger brand loyalty.
(C) Then I would present the majority option first, which ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ you would reject in favor of my actual preference. We are
often tricked when we try to maintain a position of
defiance.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
88. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 가리키는 대상의 특성이 나머지 넷

과 다른 것은?88)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

opera is (A)__________, viewers can understand the plot

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 32번 easily since the characters and relationships are (B)__________
compared to what we experience everyday.
89. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적

(A) (B)
절한 곳은?89)
① limited realistic
Still, it is said that watchers are able to understand the
② limited familiar
plot without any trouble.
③ considerable realistic
④ considerable abstract
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a
⑤ enough familiar
highly complex web of relationships connects fictional
characters that exist first only in the minds of the
program’s creators and are then recreated in the minds of
the viewer. (A) If you were to think about how much
91. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지
않은 것은?91)
human psychology, law, and even everyday physics the
viewer must know in order to follow and speculate about A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a
the plot, you would discover it is considerable — at least highly ⓐcomplex web of relationships connects fictional
as much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate characters that exist first only in the minds of the
about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases, program's creators and are then recreated in the minds of
much more. (B) How are they able to cope with such the viewer. If you were to think about how much human
abstraction? (C) Because, of course, the abstraction is built psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer
on an extremely familiar framework. (D) The characters in a must know in order to follow and speculate about the
soap opera and the relationships between them are very plot, you would discover it is ⓑconsiderable - at least as
much like the real people and relationships we experience much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate
every day. (E) The abstraction of a soap opera is only a about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases,
step removed from the real world. The mental “training” much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas with ease. How
required to follow a soap opera is provided by our are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of
everyday lives. course, the abstraction is built on an extremely ⓒdissimilar
framework. The characters in a soap opera and the
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) relationships between them are very much ⓓlike the real
people and relationships we experience every day. The
abstraction of a soap opera is only a step ⓔremoved from
the real world. The mental "training" required to follow a
soap opera is provided by our everyday lives.

① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
program's creators and are then recreated in the minds of
the viewer. If you were to think about how much human
psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer
must know in order to follow and speculate about the
plot, you would discover it is a lot of work; at least as
much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate
about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases,
much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas with ease. How
are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of
course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar
relationships between them are very much like the real
abstraction of a soap opera is only a step removed from
Although the information needed to understand a soap

 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 94. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a 않은 것을 고르면?94)
highly complex web of relationships connects fictional A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a
characters that exist first only in the minds of the highly complex web of relationships connects ⓐvirtual
programs creators and are then ⓐrecreated in the minds characters that exist first only in the minds of the
of the viewer. If you were to think about how much program's creators and are then recreated in the minds of
human psychology, law, and even everyday physics the the viewer. If you were to think about how much human
viewer must know in order to follow and speculate about psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer
the plot, you would discover it is ⓑconsiderate ─ at least must know in order to follow and speculate about the
as much as the knowledge required to follow and plot, you would discover it is ⓑsubstantial-at least as
speculate about a piece of modern mathematics, and in much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate
most cases, much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases,
with ⓒease. (가)그들은 어떻게 그런 추상에 대처할 수 있을 much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas ⓒeasily. How
까? Because, of course, the abstraction is built on an are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of
extremely familiar framework. The characters in a soap course, the abstraction is built on an extremely ⓓunusual
opera and the relationships between them are very much framework. The characters in a soap opera and the
ⓓlike the real people and relationships we experience relationships between them are very much like the real
every day. The abstraction of a soap opera is only a step people and relationships we experience every day. The
removed from the real world. The mental "training" abstraction of a soap opera is only a step ⓔremoved from
required to follow a soap opera is provided by our ⓔ the real world. The mental "training" required to follow a
everyday lives. soap opera is provided by our everyday lives.
92. 윗글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 어색한 것은?92) ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
95. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓗ 중, 지칭하는 대상으로 동일한 대상

93. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (가)를 <보기>의 단어를 배열하여 영작했을
을 모두 골라 선택한 것으로 옳은 것은?95)
때 네 번째 오는 단어는?93)
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world where
(가)그들은 어떻게 그런 추상에 대처할 수 있을까?
fictional characters form complex relations with each other.
At first, ⓐthey are no more than the imagination of a few
<보기>
program creators; however, watching the program makes
such, cope, they, able, with, are, how, to, abstraction
viewers vividly have the characters and incidents which
happened to ⓑthem. To follow and speculate the plot, ⓒ
① such ② they
they should do abstraction, which requires considerable
③ able ④ how
knowledge, such as human psychology, law, and even
⑤ abstraction
everyday physics. Yet ⓓthey follow soap operas with ease.
How are ⓔthey able to cope with such abstraction?
Because, of course, the abstraction is built on an extremely
familiar framework. The characters in a soap opera and the
relationships between ⓕthem are very much like the real
ones ⓖthey experience every day. The abstraction of a
soap opera is only a step removed from the real world.
The mental "training" required to follow a soap opera is
provided by ⓗtheir everyday lives.
① ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓓ ② ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓔ, ⓕ
③ ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓔ, ⓖ ④ ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓔ, ⓖ, ⓗ
⑤ ⓒ, ⓔ, ⓕ, ⓖ, ⓗ

96. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 (A)가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것 Soap operas, in spite of their (A)____________, are easily
은?96) followed by viewers because the fictional relationships and
characters are based on a framework (B)____________ real-life
experiences, and the mental training needed is provided by
our everyday lives.
(A) (B)
① intricacy resembling
② clarity mirroring
③ intricacy opposing
plot, you would discover it is considerable ─ at least as
④ clarity distorting
⑤ simplicity reflecting
course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar 98. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?98)
framework. The characters in a soap opera and the A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a
relationships between them are very much like the real highly complex web of relationships connects fictional
people and relationships we experience every day. The characters that exist first only in the minds of the
abstraction of a soap opera is only a step removed from program’s creators and are then recreated in the minds of
the real world. (A)The mental "training" required to follow the viewer. If you were to think about how much human
a soap opera is provided by our everyday lives. psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer
① distorting the highly complex web of relationships plot, you would discover it is considerable – at least as
② investigating exceptional cases of humanity in the plot much as the knowledge required to follow and speculate
③ reorganizing the plot based on the categorization of about a piece of modern mathematics, and in most cases,
characters much more. Yet viewers follow soap operas with ease. How
④ abstracting everyday experiences to intensify the are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because, of
complexity of soap operas course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar
⑤ preparing the mind to navigate the abstract world of framework. The characters in a soap opera and the
soap operas including plots and relationships relationships between them are very much like the real
97. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), the real world. The mental “training” required to follow a
(B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?97) soap opera is provided by our everyday lives.
highly complex web of relationships connects fictional ① the reason why soap operas are easily figured out
characters that exist first only in the minds of the ② the reasonable way to produce soap operas
program's creators and are then recreated in the minds of ③ the cause behind the decline of the TV shows
the viewer. If you were to think about how much human ④ the current trend of using technical terms in soap
psychology, law, and even everyday physics the viewer operas
must know in order to follow and speculate about the ⑤ impression fictional characters bring in the minds of
plot, you would discover it is considerable - at least as the viewers
much more.. Yet viewers follow soap operas with ease.
How are they able to cope with such abstraction? Because,
of course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar
↓

99. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?99)

plot, you would discover it is considerable ─ at least as
course, the abstraction is built on an extremely familiar
① The Uncomfortable Truths about Soap Operas

② Reality vs. Soap Opera : Countless Touching Moments
③ How Is the Abstract World Produced in Soap Operas?
④ The Profoundness of an Abstract World in Soap
Operas
⑤ Viewers’ Easy Understanding of Soap Operas : High
Likeness to Reality

102. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 (A)가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 33번 은?102)
As always happens with natural selection, bats and their

100. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 것은?100) prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms
race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in
moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being
prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms
eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of
race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in
years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at
moths arose specifically in response to the threat ⓐof
ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies
of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species
years, moths have evolved the ability ⓑto detect sounds at
have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat
on their bodies; both act as "acoustic camouflage," by
of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species
absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats,
ⓒhave also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like
thereby preventing those sound waves from bouncing back.
coat on their bodies; both act as "acoustic camouflage," by
(A)The B-2 bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have
fuselages made of materials that do something similar with
thereby ⓓpreventing those sound waves from bouncing
radar beams.
back. The B-2 bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have
fuselages made of materials ⓔthat do something similar
① Moths have evolved enhanced auditory capabilities and
with radar beams.
fortified exteriors to evade predators.
② There are only two methods for absorbing the
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
frequencies emitted by bats.
③ Due to the natural law of the strong preying on the
weak, moths and bats have engaged in a sensory arms
101. 다음 글의 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?101)
race.
As always happens with natural selection, bats and their ④ The biomimicry technology employed in B-2 bombers
prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms and stealth aircraft is new one that doesn't utilize the
race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in teachings of nature.
moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being ⑤ Several military weapons are designed by using a
eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of technology inspired by nature, particularly mimicking
years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at how moths defend themselves from bats.
ever higher frequencies. ⓐAnd, as they have, the
frequencies of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. ⓑSome
moth species have also evolved scales on their wings and 103. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?103)
a fur-like coat on their bodies. ⓒThis transformation is
limited to male moths and used as a technique to attract
females. ⓓThey use this acoustic camouflage by absorbing
race for millions of years. It’s believed that hearing in
sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby
preventing those sound waves from bouncing back. ⓔThe
B-2 bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have fuselages
years, moths have evolved the ability to perceive sounds at
made of materials that do something similar with radar
beams.
of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species
have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
on their bodies; both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by
thereby making those sound waves ____________. The B-2
bomber and other “stealth” aircraft have fuselages made of
materials that do something similar with radar beams.
① travel faster ② turn back

③ increase sharply ④ go further
⑤ fade away

104. \다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?104) 106. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 something similar가 의미하는 바로 가
장 적절한 것은?106)
prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms As always happens with natural selection, bats and their
race for millions of years. It’s believed that hearing in prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms
moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in
eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being
years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of
ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at
of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies
have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species
on their bodies; both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat
absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, on their bodies; both act as "acoustic camouflage," by
thereby __________________________________. The B-2 bomber absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats,
and other “stealth” aircraft have fuselages made of thereby preventing those sound waves from bouncing back.
materials that do something similar with radar beams. This feature of moth is used in other areas too. The B-2
bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have fuselages made of
① accelerating the body to escape from the bats materials that do something similar with radar beams.
② generating high volume of sound to scare them off
③ making themselves solid enough to protect the body ① raising frequencies of sound waves for aircraft to hide
④ turning transparent to become invisible to the enemy ② preventing aircraft from being detected by faster
⑤ keeping those sound waves from returning to the speed
predator ③ absorbing rader beams so that aircraft can be
detected
④ taking in waves of radar to stop them from reflecting
back
105. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것
⑤ acting as acoustic camouflage by making frequent
은?105)
sound waves
race for millions of years. It’s believed that hearing in
107. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
적절한 곳은?107)
eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.)
Some moth species have also evolved scales on their
(A) The B-2 bomber and other “stealth” aircraft have wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies.
fuselages made of materials that do something similar with
radar beams. As always happens with natural selection, bats and their
(B) Over millions of years, moths have evolved the ability race for millions of years. (A) It’s believed that hearing in
to detect sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, as they moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being
have, the frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) (B) Over millions
of years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds
(C) Some moth species have also evolved scales on their at ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the
wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies; both act as frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. (C) Both
“acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing sound waves emitted act as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing sound saves in
by bats, thereby preventing those sound waves from the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby preventing those
bouncing back. sound waves from bouncing back. (D) The B-2 bomber and
other “stealth” aircraft have fuselages made of materials
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) that do something similar with radar beams. (E)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

108. 다음 <보기>의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 한 단어를 109. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?109)
본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.108)
As always happens with natural selection, bats and their prey have ⓐbeen engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms
prey have been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms race for millions of years. It’s believed ⓑthat hearing in
race for millions of years. It's believed that hearing in moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being
moths arose specifically in response to the threat of being eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of
eaten by bats. (Not all insects can hear.) Over millions of years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at
years, moths have evolved the ability to detect sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, as they ⓒhave the
ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the frequencies frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. Some
of bats' vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth species moth species have also evolved scales on their wings and
have also evolved scales on their wings and a fur-like coat a fur-like coat on their bodies; both act as “acoustic
on their bodies; both act as "acoustic camouflage," by camouflage,” by absorbing sound waves in the frequencies
absorbing sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, emitted by bats, thereby ⓓpreventing those sound waves
thereby preventing those sound waves from bouncing back. from bouncing back. The B-2 bomber and other “stealth”
The B-2 bomber and other "stealth" aircraft have fuselages aircraft have fuselages ⓔmake of materials that do
made of materials that do something similar with radar something similar with radar beams.
beams.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
<보기>
The underlined 'a life-or-death sensory arms race' refers to
a competitive struggle for __________ sensory ability to emit
or detect sound waves.
→ ______________________


[고2] 2023년 09월 – 34번 적절한 곳은?112)
Out of all the sensory impressions and possible

110. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?110) information, it is vital to find a small amount that is most
relevant to our individual needs and to organize that into
Much of human thought is designed to screen out
a usable stock of knowledge.
information and to sort the rest into a(n) _____________
condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create
an overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous
information and to sort the rest into a manageable
amount of information available in culture and society. Out
condition. (A) The inflow of data from our senses could
of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it
create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the
is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our
enormous amount of information available in culture and
individual needs and to organize that into a usable stock
society. (B) Expectancies accomplish some of this work,
of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this work,
helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what
helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what
is expected, and focusing our attention on clear
is expected, and focusing our attention on clear
contradictions. (C) The processes of learning and memory
contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are
are marked by a steady elimination of information. (D)
marked by a steady elimination of information. People
People notice only a part of the world around them and
notice only a part of the world around them. Then, only a
only a fraction of what they notice gets processed and
fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored
stored into memory. (E) Lastly, only part of what gets
into memory. And only part of what gets committed to
committed to memory can be retrieved.
memory can be retrieved.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

① amicable ② sustained ③ practicable
④ remarkable ⑤ unmanageable

않은 것은?113)
111. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 글의 흐름으로 보아 문맥상 적
절하지 않은 것은?111) Much of human thought is designed to screen out
an ⓐoverwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous
an overwhelming chaos, especially given the ⓐenormous
is vital to find a ⓑsmall amount that is most relevant to
our individual needs and to organize that into a usable
is vital to find a ⓑsmall amount that is most relevant to
stock of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this
our individual needs and to organize that into a usable
work, helping to screen out information that is ⓒ
stock of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this
something to do with what is expected, and focusing our
work, helping to ⓒscreen out information that is irrelevant
attention on clear contradictions. The processes of learning
to what is expected, and focusing our attention on clear
and memory are marked by a steady ⓓfiltering of
contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are
information. People notice only a part of the world around
marked by a steady ⓓaccumulation of information. People
them. Then, only a fraction of what they notice gets
notice only a part of the world around them. Then, only a
processed and stored into memory. And only part of what
fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored
gets committed to memory can be ⓔretrieved.
into memory. And only part of what gets ⓔcommitted to
memory can be retrieved.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

114. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 것은?114) 116. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 것은?116)
Much of human thought is designed to screen out Much of human thought is designed to screen out
information and to sort the rest into manageable condition. information and ⓐto sort the rest into a manageable
The inflow of data from our senses could create an condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create
overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous amount an overwhelming chaos, especially ⓑgiven the enormous
of information available in culture and society. ⓐFrom the amount of information available in culture and society. Out
various sensory inputs and potential information, it is of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it
crucial to pinpoint a limited portion that is meaningful to is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our
our individual requirements and structure it into a usable individual needs and ⓒorganizes that into a usable stock
stock of knowledge. ⓑExpectancies contribute to this task, of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this work,
assisting in filtering out irrelevant information that doesn't ⓓhelping to screen out information that is irrelevant to
align with expectations, and directing our attention toward what is expected, and focusing our attention on clear
contradictions. ⓒIn this age of information overload, many contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are
people struggle to keep up with the constant stream of marked by a steady elimination of information. People
data leading to a heightened sense of confusion and chaos notice only a part of the world around ⓔthem. Then, only
in their attempts to filter out the relevant information. ⓓ a fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored
The processes of learning and memory are marked by a into memory. And only part of what gets committed to
steady elimination of information. ⓔPeople notice only a memory can be retrieved
part of the world around them and only a fraction of what
they notice gets processed and stored into memory. ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
117. 다음 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C) 안에서 들어갈 문맥에 맞는
낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?117)

115. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 information and to sort the rest into a (A)[natural /
않은 것은?115) controllable] condition. The inflow of data from our senses
Much of human thought is designed to screen out could create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the
information and to sort the rest into a manageable enormous amount of information available in culture and
condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create society. Out of all the sensory impressions and possible
an overwhelming chaos, especially given the ⓐ information, it is vital to find a(n) (B)[tiny / extensive]
immeasurable amount of information available in culture amount that is most relevant to our individual needs and
and society. Out of all the ⓑsensory impressions and to organize that into a usable stock of knowledge.
possible information, it is vital to find a small amount that Expectancies accomplish some of this work, helping to
is most relevant to our individual needs and to organize screen out information that is irrelevant to what is
that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies ⓒ expected, and focusing our attention on clear
accomplish some of this work, helping to screen out contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are
information that is irrelevant to what is expected, and marked by a steady (C)[storage / removal] of information.
focusing our attention on clear contradictions. The People notice only a part of the world around them. Then,
processes of learning and memory are marked by a steady only a fraction of what they notice gets processed and
ⓓdistortion of information: people notice only a part of stored into memory. And only part of what gets
the world around them, and then only a fraction of what committed to memory can be retrieved.
they notice gets processed and ⓔretained into memory.
And only part of what gets committed to memory can be (A) (B) (C)
retrieved. ① natural tiny storage
② natural extensive removal
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ③ controllable tiny storage
④ controllable tiny removal
⑤ controllable extensive storage

118. 다음 <보기>의 어구들을 사용하여 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말을 119. 다음 글의 내용을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 할 때, 빈칸에 들
어법과 문맥에 맞게 완성하시오. (<보기>의 어구들을 모두 어갈 말을 <조건>에 맞게 쓰시오.119)
사용하되, 한 번씩만 사용할 것)118)
Much of human thought is designed to screen out information and to sort the rest into a manageable
information and to sort the rest into a manageable condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create
condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create an overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous
an overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous amount of information available in culture and society. Out
amount of information available in culture and society. Out of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it
of all the sensory impressions and possible information, it is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our
is vital to find a small amount that is most relevant to our individual needs and to organize that into a usable stock
individual needs and to organize that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this work,
of knowledge. Expectancies accomplish some of this work, helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what
helping to screen out information that is irrelevant to what is expected, and focusing our attention on clear
is expected, and focusing our attention on clear contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are
contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are marked by a steady elimination of information. People
marked by a steady elimination of information. People notice only a part of the world around them. Then, only a
notice only a part of the world around them. Then, only a fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored
fraction of what they notice gets processed and stored into memory. And only part of what gets committed to
into memory. And only part _____________________ be memory can be retrieved.
retrieved. ↓
Human mind’s processing of ___________ information.
<보기>
gets / can / to memory / what / committed / of <조건>
1. 윗글에 있는 단어에서 찾아 쓸 것
→ ______________________________________________________ 2. 필요시 문법에 맞게 어형 변화 가능
3. 빈칸에 한 단어를 쓸 것
정답: ___________________________________________________


[고2] 2023년 09월 – 35번 은?122)
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived

120. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very
않은 것은?120) long time were remarkably weak.
and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very (A) Therefore the most striking way to illustrate European
long time were remarkably weak. The most striking way to weakness is to show how little revenue they collected.
illustrate their ⓐweakness is to show how little revenue Europeans would eventually develop strong systems of
they collected. For more than a millennium after the fail of revenue collection, but it took them an awfully long time
Rome, European rulers ⓑlacked the ability to assess what to do so.
their people were producing and to levy substantial taxes
based on this. Imposing less taxes ⓒlaid a great deal of (B) In constrast, in medieval times, and for part of the
financial burden on people, motivating them to do early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs
economic activities more actively. This brought a rise of were able to extract much more of economic production
new social class and a more dynamic and competitive than any European ruler with the exception of small
economy, which could be ⓓbeneficial for thriving city-states.
democracy. Although Europeans would eventually develop
strong systems of revenue collection, it took them an (C) For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome,
awfully ⓔlong time to do so. European rulers lacked the ability to assess what their
people were producing and to levy substantial taxes based
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ on this.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
121. 다음 글에서 답을 찾을 수 없는 질문은?121)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very
long time were remarkably weak. For more than a
millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked
the ability to assess what their people were producing and The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived
to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very
way to illustrate European weakness is to show how little long time were remarkably weak. For more than a
revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually develop millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked
strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an the ability to assess what their people were producing and
awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for part to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking
of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim way to illustrate European weakness is to
caliphs were able to extract much more of economic _______________________. Europeans would eventually develop
production than any European ruler with the exception of strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an
small city-states. awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for part
of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim
① What are the main features of early European caliphs were able to extract much more of economic
democracy? production than any European ruler with the exception of
② What abilities did the early European rulers lack? small city-states.
③ What evidence can immediately indicate that European
rulers were weak? ① show how little revenue they collected
④ Did Europeans ultimately enhance their methods of tax ② mark their on-going growth
collection? ③ approve tax exemptions
⑤ Who held the most power among rulers in ④ find out how slowly European economy developed
pre-medieval Europe, Chinese emperors, and caliphs? ⑤ identify how small the scale of their revenue systems
is

124. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?124) 126. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?126)
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived
and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very
long time were remarkably weak. For more than a long time ⓐwere remarkably weak. For more than a
millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked
the ability to assess what their people were producing and the ability to assess what their people were producing and
to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking ⓑlevying substantial taxes based on this. The most striking
way to illustrate European weakness is to show way to illustrate European weakness is to show ⓒhow little
_____________________________________. Europeans would revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually develop
eventually develop strong systems of revenue collection, strong systems of revenue collection, but ⓓit took them
but it took them an awfully long time to do so. In an awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for
medieval times, and for part of the early modern era, part of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and
Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract Muslim caliphs were able to extract ⓔmuch more of
much more of economic production than any European economic production than any European ruler with the
ruler with the exception of small city-states. exception of small city states.
① the complex social hierarchy ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

② free trade among European countries
③ dynamics of the strong local network
④ the small amount of revenue they collected 127. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?127)
⑤ collaborative response to external threats
and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very
long time were remarkably weak. For more than a
125. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 두 개 고르
millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked
면?125)
the ability to assess what their people were producing and
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking
and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very way to illustrate European weakness is to show how little
long time ⓐwas remarkably weak. For more than a revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually develop
millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an
the ability to assess ⓑwhat their people were producing awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for part
and to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim
striking way to illustrate European weakness is ⓒto show caliphs were able to extract much more of economic
how little revenue they collected. Europeans would production than any European ruler with the exception of
eventually develop strong systems of revenue collection, small city-states.
but ⓓthey took them an awfully long time to do so. In
medieval times, and for part of the early modern era, ① Reevaluation About European Rulers' Ability to Control
Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs were able to extract Their People
much more of economic production than ⓔwas any ② The Puzzle of European Democracy: Thriving Among
European ruler with the exception of small city-states. Weak Rulers
③ Awful Rulers' Ineffective Revenue Collection in
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ Medieval Times
④ The Fall of Rome Due to a Lack of Leadership Skills
⑤ Predictable Success in European Democracy

128. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?128) 129. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?129)
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it thrived
and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very and prospered precisely because European rulers for a very
long time were remarkably _____________. For more than a long time were remarkably weak. For more than a
millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked millennium after the fall of Rome, European rulers lacked
the ability to assess what their people were producing and the ability to assess what their people were producing and
to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking to levy substantial taxes based on this. The most striking
way to illustrate European incapacity is to show how little way to illustrate European weakness is
revenue they collected. Europeans would eventually develop ___________________________________. Europeans would eventually
strong systems of revenue collection, but it took them an develop strong systems of revenue collection. but it took
awfully long time to do so. In medieval times, and for part them an awfully long time to do so. In medieval times,
of the early modern era, Chinese emperors and Muslim and for part of the early modern era. Chinese emperors
caliphs were able to extract much more of economic and Muslim caliphs were able to extract much more of
production than any European ruler with the exception of economic production than any European ruler with the
small city-states. exception of small city-states.
① wise ② reliable ③ weak ① to indicate how small lands they possessed

④ typical ⑤ powerful ② to show how little revenue they collected
③ to represent how many slaves they owned
④ to demonstrate how weak armies they trained
⑤ to express how little food they purchased from other
continents

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 36번 (A) (B)

① Nevertheless Yet
② Nevertheless Surely
③ Yet However
④ Accordingly However
If you drive down a busy street, you will find many
⑤ Accordingly Surely
competing businesses, often right next to one another. For
example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick
meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants
appear all the time. These competing firms advertise
132. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?132)
heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up If you drive down a busy street, you will find many
the price of a product without any benefit to the competing businesses, often right next to one another. For
consumer. However, this misconception doesn't account for example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick
why firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants
slightly differentiated products, advertising enables firms to appear all the time. These competing firms advertise
inform their customers about new products and services. heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up
Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information to the price of a product without any benefit to the
help make purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit consumer. However, this misconception doesn’t account for
from added variety, and we all get a product that's pretty why firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell
close to our vision of a perfect good - and no other slightly differentiated products, advertising enables firms to
market structure delivers that outcome. inform their customers about new products and services.
Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information to
Despite the prevalent bias suggesting that advertising from help make purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit
rival firms only (A)__________ product prices without from added variety, and we all get a product that’s pretty
consumer benefits, the reality is that advertising serves as close to our vision of a perfect good and no other market
(a/an) (B)__________ of information for consumers, profoundly structure delivers that outcome.
influencing their purchasing behavior.
① The writer argues against the misconception that
(A) (B) advertising only raises prices of products without
① inflates essential channel benefiting consumers.
② lessens crucial medium ② Advertising shows whether many businesses improve
③ escalates minor way and maintain their product quality.
④ overestimates destructive channel ③ While advertising does increase costs, it also provides
⑤ decreases peculiar medium consumers with valuable information to make informed
purchasing decisions.
④ Advertising serves the purpose of informing customers
131. 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 연결어로 가장 적절한 것 about new products and services in markets with
은?131) competitors offering similar but slightly different
products.
⑤ Advertising contributes to the diversity of product
competing businesses, often right next to one another. For
variety, allowing consumers to find goods that closely
example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick
match their preferences.
meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants
heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up
the price of a product without any benefit to the
consumer. (A)___________, this misconception doesn’t account
for why firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell
slightly differentiated products, advertising enables firms to
inform their customers about new products and services.
(B)____________, costs rise, but consumers also gain
information to help make purchasing decisions. Consumers
also benefit from added variety, and we all get a product
that’s pretty close to our vision of a perfect good – and
no other market structure delivers that outcome.

133. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 135. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
적절한 곳은?133) 적절한 곳은?135)
However, this misconception doesn't account for why These competing firms advertise heavily.
firms advertise.
If you drive down a busy street, you will find many competing businesses, often right next to one another. For
competing businesses, often right next to one another. For example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick
example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants
meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants appear all the time. (A) The temptation is to see
appear all the time. (A) These competing firms advertise advertising as driving up the price of a product without
heavily. (B) The temptation is to see advertising as driving any benefit to the consumer. (B) However, this
up the price of a product without any benefit to the misconception doesn't account for why firms advertise. (C)
consumer. (C) In markets where competitors sell slightly In markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated
differentiated products, advertising enables firms to inform products, advertising enables firms to inform their
their customers about new products and services. (D) Yes, customers about new products and services. (D) Yes, costs
costs rise, but consumers also gain information to help rise, but consumers also gain information to help make
make purchasing decisions. (E) Consumers also benefit from purchasing decisions. (E) Consumers also benefit from
added variety, and we all get a product that's pretty close added variety, and we all get a product that's pretty close
to our vision of a perfect good — and no other market to our vision of a perfect good ─ and no other market
structure delivers that outcome. structure delivers that outcome.
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
134. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 136. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?136)

않은 것은?134)
If you drive down a busy street, you will find many competing businesses, often right next to one another. For
competing businesses, often right next to one another. For example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick
example, in most places a consumer in search of a ⓐquick meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants
meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants appear all the time. These competing firms advertise heavily.
appear all the time. These ⓑrivaling firms advertise heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up the price
The temptation is to see advertising as driving up the of a product without any benefit to the consumer. However,
price of a product without any benefit to the consumer. this misconception doesn't account for why firms advertise.
However, this ⓒmisconception doesn’t account for why In markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated
firms advertise. In markets where competitors sell slightly products, advertising enables firms to inform their customers
differentiated products, advertising enables firms to ⓓ about new products and services. Yes, costs rise, but
inform their customers about new products and services. consumers also gain information to help make purchasing
Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information to decisions. Consumers also benefit from added variety, and
help make purchasing decisions. Consumers also benefit we all get a product that's pretty close to our vision of a
from added variety, and we all get a product that’s pretty perfect good — and no other market structure delivers that
ⓔfar from our vision of a perfect good – and no other outcome.
market structure delivers that outcome.
① The Reason Firms in Competition Promote Assertively
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ ② Can You Distinguish Between Truth and False in Ads?
③ Being Rational is the Key to the Purchase Goods
④ Increasing the Price of a Product for Corporate
Interests
⑤ The Misconception about Accounting for Advertisement
of Products

137. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 138. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?138)
적절한 것은?137)
Advertising allows firms to communicate information about competing businesses, often right next to one another. For
new products and services to their customers in markets example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick
where competitors sell slightly differentiated products. meal has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants
If you drive down a busy street, you will find many heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as
competing businesses, often right next to one another. For __________________________________. product without any benefit
example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick to the consumer. However, this misconception doesn't
meal has many choices. (A) More fast-food restaurants account for why firms advertise. In markets where
appear all the time and these competing firms advertise competitors sell slightly differentiated products, advertising
heavily. (B) The temptation is to see advertising as driving enables firms to inform their customers about new
up the price of a product without any benefit to the products and services. Yes, costs rise, but consumers also
consumer. (C) However, this misconception doesn't account gain information to help make purchasing decisions.
for why firms advertise. (D) Costs rise, but consumers also Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we all get
gain access to an increasing wealth of information that a product that's pretty close to our vision of a perfect
aids them in making more discerning purchasing decisions. good.
(E) Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we all
get a product that's pretty close to our vision of a perfect ① essential in the highly competitive food industry
good and no other market structure delivers that outcome. ② a way of choosing a perfect product for a consumer
③ warning consumers about the risks of overconsumption
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E) ④ unconditionally good for consumers regardless of
market conditions
⑤ increasing the cost of a product without providing any
advantage to the user

designs, working in a very different way from a human

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 37번 being.
↓
It has been proved that although it may lack the ability
to (A)_____________, a machine is still capable of generating
Architects might say a machine can never design an marvelous designs with the help of humans’ (B)_____________
innovative or impressive building because a computer knowledge.
cannot be “creative.” Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a
new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably (A) (B)
beautiful aditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking ① invent technological
acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one ② invent aesthetic
instinctively think that only a human being – and a human ③ repeat building
with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that – ④ expand creative
could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet the ⑤ expand construction
auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using a
technique known as “parametric design.” The architects
gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of
possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar
software has been used to design lightweight bicycle Architects might say a machine can never design an
frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these innovative or impressive building because a computer
systems behaving “creatively?” No, they are using lots of cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a
processing power to blindly generate varied possible new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably
designs, working in a very different way from a human beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking
being. acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one
instinctively think that only a human being - and a human
① 컴퓨터는 창의적인 디자인 작업도 할 수 있다. with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that -
② 파라메트릭 디자인 기술은 인간의 디자인보다 더 정교하 could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet the
다. auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using a
③ 인상적인 디자인을 생산하는 컴퓨터의 알고리즘은 인간 technique known as "parametric design." The architects
의 창의성과는 다르다. gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of
④ 파라메트릭 디자인 기술은 건축부터 기구까지 다양한 디 possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar
자인에 활용될 수 있다. software has been used to design lightweight bicycle
⑤ 창의적 디자인이 돋보이는 Elbphilharmonie는 인간이 아 frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these
닌 컴퓨터가 디자인한 공연장이다. systems behaving "creatively"? No, they are using lots of
processing power to blindly generate varied possible
designs, working in a very different way from a human
being.
① Machines are capable of generating creative designs
Architects might say a machine can never design an
far beyond humans.
innovative or impressive building because a computer
② Parametric design technique still has a limitation of
cannot be “creative.” Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a
making sophisticated designs.
new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably
③ Parametric design system is one of the examples
beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking
which shows the feat of architects.
acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one
④ Elbphilarmonie shows machines can make and choose
instinctively think that only a human being — and a
creative designs on their own.
human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that
⑤ Machines can create diverse designs without showing
— could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet
creativity in the process as humans can.
the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using
a technique known as “parametric design.” The architects
gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of
possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar
software has been used to design lightweight bicycle
frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these
systems behaving “creatively”? No, they are using lots of
processing power to blindly generate varied possible

142. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?142)  다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Architects might say a machine can never design an Architects might say a machine can never design an
innovative or impressive building because a computer innovative or impressive building because a computer
cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie. a cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a
new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably new concert hall in Hamburg, ⓐwhere contains a
beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking remarkably beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand
acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one interlocking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that ⓑ
instinctively think that only a human being ─ and a makes one instinctively think that only a human being ─
human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility,
─ could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet at that ─ could design something so aesthetically
the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed
a technique known as "parametric design." The architects algorithmically, ⓒusing a technique known as "parametric
gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of design." The architects gave the system a set of criteria,
possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar and it generated a set of possible designs for the
software has been used to design lightweight bicycle architects to choose from. Similar software has been used
frames and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these ⓓto design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs,
systems behaving "creatively"? No, they are using lots of among much else. Are these systems behaving "creatively"?
processing power to blindly generate varied possible No, they are using lots of processing power to blindly
designs, working in a very different way from a human generate ⓔvaried possible designs, working in a very
being. different way from a human being.
① the introduction of computer in architecture 144. 윗글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 것은?144)

② the significance of human creativity in space design ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
③ the role of technology in architectural and design
innovation
④ the need for creating a new environment for human
145. 윗글의 내용을 바탕으로 추론한 진술 중 적절하지 않은 것
은?145)
beings
⑤ the way algorithms replace human architects ① Architects may question machines’ creativity in design,
assuming that a computer cannot possess ingenuity.
② The concert hall’s auditorium, composed of 10,000
acoustic panels, was designed by software.
143. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?143)
③ ‘Parametric design’ involves giving criteria to a system
Architects might say a machine can never design an for varied designs.
innovative or impressive building because a computer ④ Systems can generate designs for architects to choose
cannot be "creative." ⓐYet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a from algorithmically.
new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably ⑤ Algorithmic designs display unique capabilities, with
beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking their creativity recognized in the human sense.
acoustic panels. ⓑAcoustic panels make it easier for the
sound from the stage to be amplified and sent to the
audience. ⓒIt is the sort of space that makes one
instinctively think that only a human being ─ and a
human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that
─ could design something so aesthetically impressive. ⓓ
Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically,
using a technique known as "parametric design." ⓔThe
architects gave the system a set of criteria, and it
generated a set of possible designs for the architects to
choose from.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

146. 다음 글의 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것의 개수를 고른 것 148. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?148)

은?146)
Architects might say a machine can never design an innovative or impressive building because a computer
innovative or impressive building because a computer cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a
cannot be “creative.” Yet ⓐconsider the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably
new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium ⓐcomposed of ten thousand
beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand interlocking interlocking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space ⓑthat
acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that makes one ⓑ makes one instinctively think that only a human being ─
instinctive think that only a human being – and a human and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility,
with a remarkably refined creative sensibility, at that – at that ─ could design something so aesthetically
could design something so aesthetically impressive. Yet the impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed
auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically, using a algorithmically, ⓒused a technique known as "parametric
technique ⓒknown as “parametric design.” The architects design." The architects gave the system a set of criteria,
gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a set of and it generated a set of possible designs for the
possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar architects to choose from. Similar software has been used
software has ⓓused to design lightweight bicycle frames ⓓto design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs,
and sturdier chairs, among much else. Are these systems among much else. Are these systems behaving "creatively"?
behaving “creatively?” No, they are using lots of processing No, they are using lots of processing power to ⓔblindly
power to blindly generate varied possible designs, ⓔ generate varied possible designs, working in a very
working in a very different way from a human being. different way from a human being.
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
147. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 149. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 것은?149)

Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically,
using a technique known as "parametric design.“
cannot be "creative." Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie, a
new concert hall in Hamburg, ⓐwhich contains a
remarkably beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand
interlocking acoustic panels. It is the sort of space that
cannot be "creative." (A) Yet consider the Elbphilharmonie,
makes one instinctively ⓑthinks that only a human being -
a new concert hall in Hamburg, which contains a
and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility,
remarkably beautiful auditorium composed of ten thousand
at that - could design something so aesthetically
interlocking acoustic panels. (B) It is the sort of space that
impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed
makes one instinctively think that only a human being ─
algorithmically, using a technique ⓒknown as "parametric
and a human with a remarkably refined creative sensibility,
design." The architects gave the system a set of criteria,
at that ─ could design something so aesthetically
and ⓓit generated a set of possible designs for the
impressive. (C) The architects gave the system a set of
architects to choose from. Similar software has been used
criteria, and it generated a set of possible designs for the
to design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier chairs,
architects to choose from. (D) Similar software has been
among much else. Are these systems behaving "creatively"?
used to design lightweight bicycle frames and sturdier
No, they are using lots of processing power to ⓔblindly
chairs, among much else. (E) Are these systems behaving
generate varied possible designs, working in a very
"creatively"? No, they are using lots of processing power to
different way from a human being.
blindly generate varied possible designs, working in a very
different way from a human being.
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 38번 (A) (B)

① adaptive deliberately
② substantial gently
150. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 말로 알맞지 않은 것은?150)
③ considerable impulsively
The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is ④ sustainable rapidly
its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent ⑤ automatic decisively
of a person’s body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
available fuel. Your brain can’t store fuel, however, so it
has to “pay as it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly
adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a
period of high stress, ________________________________________ The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is
to a singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation at its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent
hand. You don't sit back and speculate about the meaning of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
of life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all your available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it
energy to trying to figure out what action to take. has to "pay as it goes". Since your brain is incredibly
Sometimes, however, this shift from the higher-thinking adaptive, __________________________________________. Thus,
parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parents of during a period of high stress, it shifts away from the
the brain can lead you to do something too quickly, analysis of the nuances of a situation to a singular and
without thinking. fixed focus on the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit
back and speculate about the meaning of life when you
① it moves from examining the subtle differences of a are stressed. Instead, you devote all your energy to trying
situation to figure out what action to take. Sometimes, however, this
② it transitions from getting over a situation that shift from the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the
generates stress automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to
③ it shifts its focus from recognizing feelings caused by do something too quickly, without thinking.
stress
④ it shifts from examining various causes of the stressful ① it increases fuel consumption during stress
situation ② it stores excess glucose in reserve
⑤ it tends to change from analyzing the nuances of ③ it economizes its fuel resources
instability caused by something stressful ④ it relies on fat reserves for energy
⑤ it synthesizes glucose from other sources

The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is

its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent
of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it
has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly
period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of
the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on
the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit back and
speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed.
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out
what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift from
the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the automatic and
reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do something
too quickly, without thinking.
↓
Although your brain uses (A)___________ energy without
saving, by shifting focus to the immediate stressful
situation your brain can economize its energy consumption,
with possibility to make you move (B)___________.

153. 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?153) 155. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?155)
The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is
its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent
of a person’s body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
available fuel. Your brain can’s store fuel, however, so it available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it
has to “pay as it goes.” Since your brain is incredibly has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly
(A)___________, it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a
a period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of
the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on
the stressful situation at hand. You don’t sit back and the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit back and
speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed. speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed.
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out
what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift from what action to take.
the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the (B)__________
and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do ① Stress May Lead to Memory Loss
something too quickly, without thinking. ② How the Brain Spares Energy When Under Stress
③ Brain Damage: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
(A) (B) ④ Understanding How the Brain Makes Sense of Sound
① absorbent introspective ⑤ Stress Management: Getting Away with Problems at
② self-centered profound Hand
③ intricate analytical
④ adaptive automated
⑤ resilient contemplative 156. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것
은?156)

154. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것 its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent
은?154) of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it
its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly
of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources.
available fuel.
(A) You don't sit back and speculate about the meaning of
(A) Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it has to "pay life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all your
as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly adaptive, it energy to trying to figure out what action to take.
economizes its fuel resources. (B) Thus, during a period of high stress, it shifts away from
(B) Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure the analysis of the nuances of a situation to a singular and
out what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift fixed focus on the stressful situation at hand.
from the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the (C) Sometimes, however, this shift from the higher-thinking
automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts of
do something too quickly, without thinking. the brain can lead you to do something too quickly,
(C) Thus, during a period of high stress, it shifts away from without thinking.
the analysis of the nuances of a situation to a singular and
fixed focus on the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
back and speculate about the meaning of life when you ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
are stressed.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

157. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?157) 159. 다음 글의 빈칸은 글의 주제문이다. 다음 글을 읽고 주어진

문장의 빈칸을 <조건>에 맞게 완성하시오.159)
its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is
of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent
available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it
adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources. Thus, during a has to "pay as it goes." Since ____________________,
period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of ____________________. Thus, during a period of high stress, it
the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on shifts away from the analysis of the nuances of a situation
the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit back and to a singular and fixed focus on the stressful situation at
speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed. hand. You don't sit back and speculate about the meaning
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out of life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all your
what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift from energy to trying to figure out what action to take.
the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the automatic and Sometimes, however, this shift from the higher-thinking
reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do something parts of the brain to the automatic and reflexive parts of
too quickly, without thinking. the brain can lead you to do something too quickly,
without thinking.
① how the brain adapts to new environments
② ways people deal with highly stressful situations <보기>
③ disadvantages of automatic movement of the brain resources, adaptive, economizes
④ the amount of fuel resources that the brain consumes
⑤ efficient use of fuel resources of the brain in stress <조건>
management ㆍ주어, 동사를 포함하는 완전한 절(문장) 두 개가 들어가게
작성할 것
ㆍ<보기>의 단어를 한 번씩 모두 사용하여 작성할 것
ㆍ필요시 본문의 단어를 추가하되, 변형하지 않고 사용할 것
158. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것
은?158)
정답: ___________________________________________________
its fuel. Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent
of a person's body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the
available fuel. Your brain can't store fuel, however, so it
has to "pay as it goes." Since your brain is incredibly
period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis of
the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on
the stressful situation at hand. You don't sit back and
speculate about the meaning of life when you are stressed.
Instead, you devote all your energy to trying to figure out
what action to take. Sometimes, however, this shift from
the higher-thinking parts of the brain to the automatic and
reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do something
too quickly, without thinking.
① People often exercise hard and move their bodies to

relieve stress
② Retrospecting the meaning of life is a necessary task
in our old age
③ Stress damages our brains seriously and makes us
need more fuel for them to recover
④ Our brain acts immediately rather than doing the
high-level analysis in stressful situations
⑤ Your brain is always running low on fuel because it
consumes most of the fuel for reducing stress

① The employees’ personal characteristics are one of the

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 39번 drivers to have a great influence on their state of
engagement.
② Truthful feedback could lead to motivate employees to
160. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?160)
perform better.
Much research has been carried out on the causes of ③ Employee’s engagement has little influence on job
engagement, an issue that is important from both a performance itself.
theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers ④ Engagement and job performance lie in a reciprocal
of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or relationship.
influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major ⑤ Employees finding their values at work are likely to
camps: situational and personal. ⓐThe most influential find more enthusiasm and involvement in their job.
situational causes are job resources, feedback and
leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job
resources and feedback. ⓑIt has been found that
immediate feedback is more beneficial than delayed
feedback.. ⓒIndeed, leaders influence engagement by Much research has been carried out on the causes of
giving their employees honest and constructive feedback engagement, an issue that is important from both a
on their performance, and by providing them with the theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers
necessary resources that enable them to perform their job of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or
well. ⓓIt is, however, noteworthy that although influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major
engagement drives job performance, job performance also camps: situational and personal. The most influential
drives engagement. ⓔIn other words, when employees are situational causes are job resources, feedback and
able to do their jobs well — to the point that they match leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job
or exceed their own expectations and ambitions — they resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence
will engage more, be proud of their achievements, and engagement by giving their employees honest and
find work more meaningful. This is especially evident when constructive feedback on their performance, and by
people are employed in jobs that align with their values. providing them with the necessary resources that enable
them to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ that both engagement and job performance have a(n)
__________ relationship, with one influencing the other. In
other words, when employees are able to do their jobs
well - to the point that they match or exceed their own
161. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?161)
expectations and ambitions - they will engage more, be
Much research has been carried out on the causes of proud of their achievements, and find work more
engagement, an issue that is important from both a meaningful. This is especially evident when people are
theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers employed in jobs that align with their values.
of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or
influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major ① reciprocal ② independent
camps: situational and personal. The most influential ③ unilateral ④ unpredictable
situational causes are job resources, feedback and ⑤ one-sided
resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence
engagement by giving their employees honest and
constructive feedback on their performance, and by
providing them with the necessary resources that enable
that although engagement drives job performance, job
performance also drives engagement. In other words, when
employees are able to do their jobs well to the point that
they match or exceed their own expectations and
ambitions - they will engage more, be proud of their
achievements, and find work more meaningful. This is
especially evident when people are employed in jobs that
align with their values.

163. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?163) meaningful. This is especially evident when people are
employed in jobs that align with their values.
Much research has been carried out on the causes of
engagement, an issue that is important from both a
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major
camps: situational and personal. The most influential
resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence Much research has been carried out on the causes of
engagement by giving their employees honest and engagement, an issue that is important from both a
constructive feedback on their performance, and by theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers
providing them with the necessary resources that enable of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or
them to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major
that although engagement drives job performance, job camps: situational and personal. The most influential
performance also drives engagement. In other words, when situational causes are job resources, feedback and
employees are able to do their jobs well ─ to the point leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job
that they match or exceed their own expectations and resources and feedback. Indeed, leaders influence
ambitions ─ they will ___________________________________. This engagement by giving their employees honest and
is especially evident when people are employed in jobs constructive feedback on their performance, and by
that align with their values. providing them with the necessary resources that enable
① commit themselves more to work that __________________________________________. In other words,
② be eager to compete with and win others when employees are able to do their jobs well to the
③ start to put priority on their collective goal point that they match or exceed their own expectations
④ find it positive to get a feedback from their leaders and ambitions — ; they will engage more. be proud of
⑤ look for what will be subsequent to their performance their achievements, and find work more meaningful. This is
은?164) ① there are two forms of engagement: individual and
collective
② performance of the task does not influence the
engagement at all
③ how leaders interfere with employee's privacy has a
major impact on team members' performance
influence it.
④ job performance is a key point when a leader reports
to his or her superior
(A) Indeed, leaders influence engagement by giving their
⑤ engagement plays a major role in job performance, and
employees honest and constructive feedback on their
vice versa
performance, and by providing them with the necessary
resources that enable them to perform their job well. It is,
however, noteworthy that although engagement drives job
performance, job performance also drives engagement.
(B) The causes of engagement fall into two major camps:

situational and personal. The most influential situational
causes are job resources, feedback and leadership, the
latter, of course, being responsible for job resources and
feedback.
(C) In other words, when employees are able to do their

jobs well – to the point that they match or exceed their
own expectations and ambitions – they will engage more,
be proud of their achievements, and find work more

166. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은166) especially evident when people are employed in jobs that
① it can discourage job performance as well
② job performance also facilitates engagement
③ job resources are not manipulated by leadership
influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major
④ engagement drives indifference to the feedback from
camps: situational and personal. The most influential
leaders
⑤ ambitious employees usually don't find their jobs
meaningful
engagement by giving their employees honest and
constructive feedback on their performance, and by
providing them with the necessary resources that enable
that although engagement drives job performance, job Much research has been carried out on the causes of
performance also drives engagement. In other words, when engagement, an issue that is important from both a
employees are able to do their jobs well ─ to the point theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers
that they match or exceed their own expectations and of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or
ambitions ─ they will engage more, be proud of their influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major
achievements, and find work more meaningful. This is camps: situational and personal. The most influential
especially evident when people are employed in jobs that situational causes are job resources, feedback and
align with their values. leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job
① 몰입의 원인은 이론적, 실제적 관점 모두에서 중요한 문 engagement by giving their employees honest and
제이다. constructive feedback on their performance, and by
② 몰입의 가장 영향력 있는 개인적 원인은 직무 자원, 피드 providing them with the necessary resources that enable
백, 리더십, 사회적 배경이다. them to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy
③ 리더들은 직원들에게 솔직한 피드백과 필요한 자원을 제 that although engagement drives job performance, job
공함으로써 몰입에 영향을 미친다. performance also drives engagement. In other words, when
④ 몰입과 직무 수행은 서로에게 동기가 된다. employees are able to do their jobs well – to the point
⑤ 사람들이 그들의 가치와 일치하는 직무에 종사하며 이를 that they match or exceed their own expectations and
잘 수행했을 때 더 많이 몰입한다. ambitions – they will engage more, be proud of their
↓
Much research has been carried out on the causes of The passage explores the various causes of work
engagement, an issue that is important from both a engagement, distinguishing between situational and
theoretical and practical standpoint: identifying the drivers personal factors, and emphasizes the (A)___________
of work engagement may enable us to manipulate or relationship between job performance and engagement,
influence it. The causes of engagement fall into two major where providing effective leadership and resource
camps: situational and personal. The most influential contribute to increased engagement, while successful job
situational causes are job resources, feedback and performance enhances engagement (B)___________ to
leadership, the latter, of course, being responsible for job personal values.
engagement by giving their employees honest and (A) (B)
constructive feedback on their performance, and by ① bidirectional pertaining
providing them with the necessary resources that enable ② bidirectional impertinent
them to perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy ③ unidirectional pertaining
that although engagement causes job performance to ④ unidirectional impertinent
make progress, _______________________________. In other words, ⑤ unidirectional responsive
when employees are able to do their jobs well ─ to the
point that they match or exceed their own expectations
and ambitions ─ they will engage more, be proud of their

171. 다음 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C) 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 40번 가장 적절한 것은?171)
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations

169. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하 for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks
지 않은 것의 개수는?169) against the United States. In the study, they found that
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms
for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks of assistance because of (A)[other-focused / self-centered]
against the United States. In the study, they found that motives (giving to reduce another's discomfort) were
individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms almost four times more likely to still be giving support one
of assistance because of other-focused ⓐmotives (giving to year later than those whose original motivation was to
reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more reduce personal distress. This effect likely stems from
likely to still be giving support one year later than those (B)[differences / similarities] in emotional arousal. The
whose original motivation was to reduce personal ⓑ events of September 11th emotionally affected people
suffering. This effect likely stems from differences in throughout the United States. Those who gave to reduce
emotional arousal. The events of September 11th their own distress reduced their emotional arousal with
emotionally affected people throughout the United States. their initial gift, discharging that emotional distress.
Those who gave to reduce their own distress ⓒeliminated However, those who gave to reduce others' distress did
their emotional wound through their initial helping, ⓓ not (C)[continue / stop] empathizing with victims who still
discharging that emotional distress. However, those who struggled long after the attacks. Thus, they kept on giving
gave to reduce others' distress did not stop empathizing support.
with ⓔvictims who continued to struggle long after the
attacks. (A) (B) (C)
① other-focused differences continue
① 0개 ② 1개 ③ 2개 ② self-centered differences continue
④ 3개 ⑤ 4개 ③ other-focused differences stop
④ self-centered similarities stop
⑤ other-focused similarities continue

This effect likely stems from differences in emotional

arousal. In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations

for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations against the United States. In the study, they found that
for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms
against the United States. (A) In the study, they found that of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to
individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms reduce another’s discomfort) were almost four times more
of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to likely to still be giving support one year later than those
reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress.
likely to still be giving support one year later than those This effect likely stems from ______________________. The
whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress. events of September 11th emotionally affected people
(B) The events of September 11th emotionally affected throughout the United States. Those who gave to reduce
people throughout the United States. (C) Those who gave their own distress reduced their emotional arousal with
to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional their initial gift, discharging that emotional distress.
arousal with their initial gift, discharging that emotional However, those who gave to reduce others’ distress did
distress. (D) However, those who gave to reduce others' not stop empathizing with victims who continued to
distress did not stop empathizing with victims who struggle long after the attacks.
continued to struggle long after the attacks. (E) In
conclusion, a study found that the act of giving was less ① the spirit of noblesse oblige
likely to be sustained when driven by self-centered motives ② the fear of man-made disaster
rather than by other-focused motives, possibly because of ③ differences in emotional arousal
the decline in emotional arousal. ④ empathetic connection among donors
⑤ physical reactions to the traumatic event
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

173. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 175. 다음 글의 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?175)

적절한 것은?173)
This result likely stems from differences in emotional for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks
arousal. against the United States. ⓐIn the study, they found that
individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms
In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to
for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more
against the United States. (A) In the study, they found that likely to still be giving support one year later than those
individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress.
of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to ⓑThis effect likely stems from differences in emotional
reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more arousal. ⓒIndividuals who provided assistance driven by
likely to still be giving support one year later than those self-centered motives reduced their emotional distress
whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress. through the initial act of giving, thereby discharging their
(B) The events of September 11th emotionally impacted on emotional arousal. ⓓSelf-centered people may have a hard
people throughout the United States. (C) Those who gave time seeing things from other’s perspective, which may
to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional lead to a lack of empathy and understanding in
arousal with their initial gift, discharging that emotional interpersonal relationships. ⓔHowever, those who gave to
distress. (D) However, those who gave to reduce others' reduce others' distress did not stop empathizing with
distress did not stop empathizing with victims who victims who continued to struggle long after the attacks.
continued to struggle long after the attacks. (E)
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
176. 다음 (A)~(C)에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝지어진 것은?176)

174. 다음 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
This effect likely stems from differences in emotional
against the United States. In the study, they found that
arousal.
individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms
of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to
reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more
likely to still be giving support one year later than those
against the United States. (A) The study has great
whose original motivation was to reduce (A)[their own /
implication. (B) In the study, they found that individuals
others'] distress. This effect likely stems from differences in
who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms of
emotional arousal. The events of September 11th
assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to
emotionally affected people throughout the United States.
reduce another's discomfort) were almost four times more
Those who gave to reduce their own distress reduced their
likely to still be giving support one year later than those
emotional arousal with their initial gift, (B)[worsening /
whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress.
alleviating] that emotional distress. However, those who
(C) The events of September 11th emotionally affected
gave to reduce others' distress continued to empathize
people throughout the United States. (D) Those who gave
with victims who (C)[kept / stopped] struggling long after
to reduce their own distress reduced their emotional
the attacks.
arousal with their initial gift, discharging that emotional
distress. (E) However, those who gave to reduce others'
(A) (B) (C)
distress did not stop empathizing with victims who
① their own worsening kept
continued to struggle long after the attacks.
② their own alleviating kept
③ their own alleviating stopped
① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
④ others' alleviating stopped
⑤ others' worsening kept

177. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?177) 178. 다음 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C) 안에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절
한 것은?178)
for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations
against the United States. In the study, they found that for helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks
individuals who gave money, blood, goods, or other forms against the United States. They found that the act of
of assistance because of other-focused motives (giving to giving was less likely to be sustained when driven by
reduce another’s discomfort) were almost four times more self-centered motives rather than by other-focused motives,
likely to still be giving support one year later than those possibly because of the decline in emotional arousal. In the
whose original motivation was to reduce personal distress. study, it is showed that individuals who gave money,
This effect likely stems from differences in emotional blood, goods, or other forms of assistance because of
arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally affected other-focused motives (giving to reduce another's
people throughout the United States. Those who gave to discomfort) were almost four times (A)[more / less] likely
reduce their own distress reduced their emotional arousal to still be giving support one year later than those whose
with their initial gift, discharging that emotional distress. original motivation was to reduce personal distress. This
However, those who gave to reduce others’ distress effect likely stems from differences in emotional arousal.
____________________________________ who continued to struggle The events of September 11th emotionally affected people
long after the attacks. throughout the United States. Those who gave to reduce
their own distress reduced their emotional arousal with
① ceased to empathize with victims their initial gift, (B)[increasing / relieving] that emotional
② concentrated on assaulting the victims distress. However, those who gave to reduce others'
③ manifested feeling compassion for victims distress (C)[kept / stopped] empathizing with victims who
④ were unwilling to be in discomfort for people continued to struggle long after the attacks.
⑤ terminated the ongoing emotional issues about those
(A) (B) (C)
① more relieving kept
② more increasing stopped
③ less increasing stopped
④ more relieving stopped
⑤ less relieving kept

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 41~42번

 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. 적절한 곳은?181)
In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age However, the invention of the printing press and other
of fifty. This was a period when knowledge was not spread new technologies changed this social perception of age.
widely, there were few books and most people could not
read. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age
the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And of fifty. This was a period when knowledge was not spread
since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the widely, there were few books and most people could not
social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise. This read. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through
social perception of age began to shift with the advent of the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. (A)
new technologies such as the printing press. Over time, as And since older people had accumulated more knowledge,
more books were printed, literacy increased, and the oral the social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise.
traditions of knowledge transfer began to fade. With the (B) Over time, the oral traditions of knowledge transfer
fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became began to fade due to the spread of books and literacy. (C)
less important and as a consequence being over fifty was With the fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old
no longer seen as signifying wisdom. became less important and as a consequence being over
We are living in a period when the gap between fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom. (D)
chronological and biological age is changing fast and Naturally, the gap between chronological and biological
where social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video age is changing fast and the social norms are struggling
produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association to adapt. (E) Therefore, it is clear that in today’s world our
of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do social norms need to be updated quickly.
various activities 'just like an old person'. When older
people joined them in the video, the gap between the ① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)
stereotype and the older people's actual behaviour was
striking. It is clear that in today's world our social norms
need to be updated quickly.
179. 윗글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)

에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?179)
With the (A)__________ of new technologies related to

knowledge transfer, the (B)__________ of the elderly has
become less important, so our social norms for aging must
continue to evolve.
(A) (B)
① advent perspective
② obscurity wisdom
③ absence understanding
④ emergence decline
⑤ development delusion
180. 윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?180)
① 1680년대 영국에서는 50세까지 사는 것은 흔한 일이었

다.② 구전 전통이 사라지면서 노인들의 지혜는 훨씬 더
중요해졌다.
③ 오늘날 우리의 사회적 규범은 옛것에서 찾아야 한다는
것은 분명하다.
④ 현대의 지식은 이야기와 공유된 경험이라는 구전 전통을
통해 전수 된다.
⑤ 더 많은 책이 인쇄됨에 따라 문해력이 증가했고 구전 전
통이 사라지기 시작했다.

182. 다음 글의 내용을 바탕으로 추론한 진술 중 적절하지 않은 183. 다음 글의 내용을 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈
것은?182) 말로 가장 적절한 것은?183)
In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age
of fifty. This was a period when knowledge was not spread of fifty. This was a period when knowledge was not spread
widely, there were few books and most people could not widely, there were few books and most people could not
read. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through real. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through
the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And
since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the
social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise. This social norma was that to be over fifty was to be wise. This
social perception of age began to shift with the advent of social perception of age began to shift with the advent of
new technologies such as the printing press. Over time, as new technologies such as the printing press. Over time, as
more books were printed, literacy increased, and the oral more books were printed, literacy increased, and the oral
traditions of knowledge transfer began to fade. With the traditions of knowledge transfer began to fade. With the
fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became
less important and as a consequence being over fifty was less important and as a consequence being over fifty was
no longer seen as signifying wisdom. no longer seen as signifying wisdom. We are living in a
We are living in a period when the gap between period when the gap between chronological and biological
chronological and biological age is changing fast and age is changing fast and where social norms are struggling
where social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video to adapt. In a video produced by the AARP (formerly the
produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association American Association of Retired Persons), young people
of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do were asked to do various activities ‘just like an old
various activities 'just like an old person'. When older person’. When older people joined them in the video, the
people joined them in the video, the gap between the gap between the stereotype and the older people’s actual
stereotype and the older people's actual behaviour was behaviour was striking. It is clear that in today’s world our
striking. It is clear that in today's world our social norms social norms need to be updated quickly.
need to be updated quickly. ↓
In the 17th century, it was uncommon to live past the age
① In the 1680s, living beyond fifty was rare and of fifty in England, so people believed that those who did
knowledge spread verbally. were wise due to the tradition of conveying knowledge
② Oral traditions emphasized wisdom and the advent of through (A)__________ language. However, the invention of
the printing press consolidated social perceptions. the printing press (B)__________ this belief and the
③ As literacy rose, oral traditions wore off, diminishing connection between age and wisdom, requiring new social
the significance of age. norms.
④ The gap between chronological and biological age
challenges contemporary social norms. (A) (B)
⑤ AARP video highlights the gap between stereotypes ① written shattered
and actual behavior. ② written reinforced
③ informal reaffirmed
④ spoken validated
⑤ spoken challenged

184. 다음 글의 괄호 (A), (B), (C) 안에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절 185. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것
한 것은?184) 은?185)
widely, there were few books and most people were not widely, there were few books and most people could not
(A)__________. As a consequence, knowledge passed down read.
through the oral traditions of stories and shared
experiences. And since older people had accumulated more (A) We are living in a period when the gap between
knowledge, the social norm was that to be over fifty was chronological and biological age is changing fast and
to be wise. This social perception of age began to shift where social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video
with the advent of new technologies such as the printing produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association
press. Over time, as more books were printed, literacy of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do
increased, and the oral traditions of knowledge transfer various activities 'just like an old person'.
began to (B)__________. With the fading of oral traditions, (B) As a consequence, knowledge passed down through
the wisdom of the old became less important and as a the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And
consequence being over fifty was no longer seen as since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the
signifying wisdom. social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise. This
We are living in a period when the gap between social perception of age began to shift with the advent of
chronological and biological age is changing fast and new technologies such as the printing press.
where social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video (C) When older people joined them in the video, the gap
produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association between the stereotype and the older people's actual
of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do behaviour was striking. It is clear that in today's world our
various activities 'just like an old person'. When older social norms need to be updated quickly.
people joined them in the video, the gap between the (D) Over time, as more books were printed, literacy
stereotype and the older people's actual behaviour was increased, and the oral traditions of knowledge transfer
(C)__________. It is clear that in today's world our social began to fade. With the fading of oral traditions, the
norms need to be updated quickly. wisdom of the old became less important and as a
consequence being over fifty was no longer seen as
(A) (B) (C) signifying wisdom.
① smart expand remarkable
② literate fade ignorable ① (D)-(B)-(A)-(C) ② (D)-(B)-(C)-(A)
③ innocent increase unnoticeable ③ (B)-(D)-(A)-(C) ④ (B)-(D)-(C)-(A)
④ educated disappear considerable ⑤ (A)-(C)-(B)-(D)
⑤ sensitive vanish incredible

186. 다음 글을 읽고 <조건>에 맞게 주제를 작성하시오.186)  다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
widely, there were few books and most people could not widely, books were ⓐscarce and most people could not
read. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through read. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through
the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And
since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the
social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise. This social norm was that to be over fifty was to be ⓑwise.
social perception of age began to shift with the advent of This social perception of age began to shift with the
new technologies such as the printing press. Over time, as advent of new technologies such as the printing press.
more books were printed, literacy increased, and the oral Over time, as more books were printed, ⓒliteracy
traditions of knowledge transfer began to fade. With the increased, and the oral traditions of knowledge transfer
fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the old became began to fade. With the fading of oral traditions, the
less important and as a consequence being over fifty was wisdom of the old ⓓprevailed and as a consequence
no longer seen as signifying wisdom. We are living in a being over fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom.
period when the gap between chronological and biological We are living in a period when the gap between
age is changing fast and where social norms regarding age chronological and biological age is changing fast and
are struggling to adapt. In a video produced by the AARP where social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video
(formerly the American Association of Retired Persons), produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association
young people were asked to do various activities ‘just like of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do
an old person.’ When older people joined them in the various activities ‘just like an old person’. When older
video, the gap between the stereotype and the older people joined them in the video, the gap between the
people’s actual behaviour was noticeable. It is clear that in stereotype and the older people’s actual behaviour was ⓔ
today’s world our social norms need to be updated perceptible. It is clear that in today’s world our social
quickly. norms need to be updated quickly.
<조건> 187. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하

1. <보기>에 주어진 단어만을 모두 한 번씩 사용할 것 지 않은 것은?187)
2. 어형 변화 없음 ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ
3. 어법에 맞게 쓸 것
188. 윗글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와
<보기> (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?188)
dynamics / and / between / social norms /
The (A)_________ of aging shifted due to technological
chronological / biological age / need to /
advancements in the history of England, challenging
regarding age / to reflect / be updated /
traditional norms and still facing the need of (B)_________ in
the changing
contemporary society.
→ In the present day, ________________________________

(A) (B)
① perspectives adjustment
② abstraction adjustment
③ perspectives disrespect
④ abstraction disrespect

 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. of Retired Persons) where young people were asked to do

In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age various activities 'just like an old person'. When older
of fifty. This was a period when knowledge was not spread people joined them in the video, the gap between the
ⓐwidely, there were few books and most people could not stereotype and the older people's actual behaviour was
read. As a consequence, knowledge passed down through striking. It is clear that in today's world our social norms
the oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And need to be updated quickly.
since older people had accumulated more knowledge, the (C)
social norm was that ⓑto be over fifty was to be wise. Over time, as more books were printed, literacy increased,
This social perception of age began to shift with the and the oral traditions of knowledge transfer began to
advent of new technologies such as the printing press. fade. With the fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of the
Over time, as more books were printed, literacy increased, old became less important and as a consequence being
and the oral traditions of knowledge transfer began to over fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom. We are
disappear. With the fading of oral traditions, the wisdom of living in a period when the gap between chronological and
the old became less important and as a consequence biological age is changing rapidly. Due to this evolving
being over fifty was no longer seen as ⓒsignify wisdom. trend, social norms regarding aging are facing difficulties in
We are living in a period when the gap between adapting.
chronological and biological age is changing fast and ⓓ (D)
which social norms are struggling to adapt. In a video As a consequence, knowledge passed down through the
produced by the AARP (formerly the American Association oral traditions of stories and shared experiences. And since
of Retired Persons), young people were asked to do various older people had accumulated more knowledge, the social
activities ‘just like an old person’. ⓔso that they could see norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise. With the
the gap between the stereotype and the older people’s emergence of new technologies like the printing press,
actual behaviour. When older people joined them in the however, the societal perspective on age started to change.
video, the gap was noticeable. It is clear that in today’s
world (A)our social norms need to be updated quickly. 191. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?191)
① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D)
189. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 어색한 것을 있는 대로 ③ (C)-(D)-(B) ④ (D)-(B)-(C)
고른 것은?189) ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)
① ⓐ, ⓑ ② ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ ③ ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓔ
④ ⓒ, ⓓ ⑤ ⓒ, ⓔ 192. 윗글을 근거하여 주어진 질문에 대한 답변을 완성하고자 할
때, 빈칸 (A)~(D)에 들어갈 말을 윗글에서 찾아 한 칸에 한
190. 윗글에서 밑줄 친 (A)our social norms need to be
단어씩 쓰시오. (단, 필요시 어형 변화 가능함)192)
updated quickly가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?190) Q1. What was the social perception of the old like before
① elderly people these days are less wise then those in the printing press was invented?
the past A1. Since most people were illiterate and knowledge was
② elderly people can’t catch up with the fast changing delivered through (A)________ _________, getting older meant
social norms getting (B)________.
③ the biological age is aging faster than the
chronological age Q2. What does the experiment conducted by the AARP
④ the stereotype of elderly people matches with their signify?
actual behavior A2. The experiment shows that there is a(n) (C)________
⑤ the actual behavior of elderly people in today’s between young people’s perception of the old and the
elderly’s actual performance, which indicates that social
norms on aging needs to be (D)________ accordingly.
 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
(A): _________________ _________________
(A)
(B): _________________
In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age
(C): _________________
of fifty. This was a period when knowledge was not spread
(D): _________________
widely, there were few books and most people could not
read.
(B)
This phenomenon can be observed though an experiment
conducted by the AARP (formerly the American Association

194. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것의 개수는?194)

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 43~45번
When Jack was a young man in his early twenties during
the 1960s, he had tried to work in his father's insurance
193. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 어색한 것은?193) business, as was expected of him. His two older brothers
When Jack was a young man in his early twenties during fit in easily and seemed to enjoy their work. But Jack was
the 1960s, he had tried to work in his father's insurance bored with the insurance industry. "It was worse than
business, as was expected of him. But Jack was bored with being bored," he said. "I felt like I was dying inside." Jack
the insurance industry. "It was worse than being bored," he felt drawn to hair styling and dreamed of owning a hair
said. "I felt like I was dying inside." Jack felt drawn to hair shop with a lively environment. He was sure that he would
styling and dreamed of owning a hair shop with a lively enjoy the creative and social aspects of it and that he'd be
environment. He was sure that he would enjoy the creative successful.
and social aspects of ⓐit and that he'd be successful. When he was twenty-six, Jack approached his father and
When he was twenty-six, Jack approached his father and expressed his intentions of leaving the business to become
expressed his intentions of leaving the business to become a hairstylist. As Jack anticipated, his father raged and
a hairstylist. As Jack anticipated, his father raged and accused Jack of being selfish, ungrateful, and unmanly. In
accused Jack of being selfish, ungrateful, and unmanly. In the face of his father's fury, Jack felt confusion and fear.
the face of his father's fury, Jack felt confusion and fear. His resolve became weak. But then a force filled his chest
His resolve became weak. But then a force filled his chest and he stood firm in his decision. In following his path,
and he stood firm in his decision. In following his path, Jack not only ran three flourishing hair shops, but also
not only ⓑdid Jack run three flourishing hair shops, but helped his clients experience their inner beauty by listening
also helped his clients experience their inner beauty by and encouraging them when they faced dark times.
listening and encouraging them when they faced dark His love for his work led to donating time and talent at
times. His love for his work led to donating time and nursing homes, which in turn led to becoming a hospice
talent at nursing homes, which in turn led to becoming a volunteer, and eventually to starting fundraising efforts for
hospice volunteer, and eventually ⓒstarting fundraising the hospice program in his community. And all this laid a
efforts for the hospice program in his community. And all strong stepping stone for another courageous move in his
this laid a strong stepping stone for another courageous life. When, after having two healthy children of their own,
move in his life. When, after having two healthy children Jack and his wife, Michele, decided to bring an orphaned
of their own, Jack and his wife, Michele, decided to bring child into their family, his father threatened to disown
an orphaned child into their family, his father threatened them.
ⓓto disown them Jack understood that his father feared
adoption, in this case especially because the child was of a ⓐ Both of Jack's older brothers had difficulties adapting to
different racial background than their family. Jack and their roles in their father's insurance business.
Michele risked rejection and went ahead with the adoption. ⓑ Jack was attracted to the field of hair styling and
It took years but eventually Jack's father loved the little aspired to own a lively hair salon.
girl and accepted his son's independent choices. Jack ⓒ Jack's father responded with understanding and
realized that, although he often felt fear and still does, he encouragement when Jack talked about his plan to
has always had courage. In fact, courage was the become a hairstylist.
scaffolding ⓔwhich he had built richness into his life. ⓓ In the face of his father's fury, Jack's resolve became
weak but he did not give up on his dream of
① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ becoming a hairstylist.
ⓔ Jack operated two successful hair salons and assisted
his clients in discovering their inner beauty.
ⓕ Jack's love for his work ultimately led to fundraising
efforts for the hospice program in his community.
ⓖ Jack and his wife, Michele, decided to adopt an
orphaned child before having their own children.
① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개

 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Ryn: Let’s just move on. His resolution became weak
When Jack was a young man in his early twenties during when his father scolded him, but he bounced back and
the 1960s, he had tried to work in his father's insurance successfully followed his own path.
business, as was expected of him. His two older brothers Lu: .... And volunteered for terminal patients, raised
fit in easily and seemed to enjoy their work. But Jack was funds for the hospice program.... what a man!
bored with the insurance industry. "It was worse than Juan: Indeed. The best part is Michele and Jack
being bored," he said. "I felt like I was dying inside." Jack were infertile couple, which led them to adopt a child.
felt drawn to hair styling and dreamed of owning a hair Jungeun: His father didn’t like their decision at first.
shop with a lively environment. He was sure that he would The old man even threatened to sever
enjoy the creative and social aspects of it and that he'd be relationship with him.
successful. Ryn: He finally loved his grandchild and accepted
When he was twenty-six, Jack approached his father and her as a family member even though her racial
expressed his intentions of leaving the business to become difference.
a hairstylist. (A) ⓐJack이 예상했던 대로, ⓑ그의 아버지는 화 Lu: Jack’s story shows his courage was a stepping
를 냈고 ⓒJack이 이기적이고, 배은망덕하며 남자답지 못하다 stone to build a richness in his life.
고 비난했다. In the face of his father's fury, Jack felt
confusion and fear. His resolve became weak. But then a ① Ryn, Jungeun
force filled his chest and he stood firm in his decision. In ② Ryn, Jungeun, Juan
following his path, Jack not only ran three flourishing hair ③ Jungeun, Juan, Lu
shops, but also helped his clients experience their inner ④ Ryn, Jungeun, Lu
beauty by listening and encouraging them when they faced ⑤ Ryn, Jungeun, Juan, Lu
dark times.
His love for his work led to donating time and talent at 196. 윗글의 밑줄 친 우리말 문장 (A)를 영작하시오. (단, 필요한
nursing homes, which in turn led to becoming a hospice 경우 주어진 단어의 형태를 변환할 수 있음)196)
volunteer, and eventually to starting fundraising efforts for ungrateful / anticipate / unmanly /
the hospice program in his community. And all this laid a rage / as / accuse / selfish / and
strong stepping stone for another courageous move in his
life. When, after having two healthy children of their own, ⓐ: _____________________________________________________
Jack and his wife, Michele, decided to bring an orphaned ⓑ: _____________________________________________________
child into their family, his father threatened to disown ⓒ: _____________________________________________________
them.
Jack understood that his father feared adoption, in this
case especially because the child was of a different racial
197. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 어색한 것은?197)
background than their family. Jack and Michele risked
rejection and went ahead with the adoption. It took years When Jack was a young man in his early twenties during
but eventually Jack's father loved the little girl and the 1960s, he had tried to work in his father's insurance
accepted his son's independent choices. Jack realized that, business, as was expected of him. But Jack was bored
although he often felt fear and still does, he has always with the insurance industry. "It was worse than being
had courage. In fact, courage was the scaffolding around bored," he said. "I felt like I was ⓐdying inside." Jack felt
which he had built richness into his life. ⓑdrawn to hair styling and dreamed of owning a hair
shop with a lively environment. He was sure that he would
enjoy the creative and social aspects of it and ⓒthat he'd
195. 윗글을 읽고 학생들이 나눈 대화이다. 바르게 말한 학생을
be successful. When he was twenty-six, Jack approached
모두 고른 것은?195)
his father and expressed his intentions of leaving the
Lu: Let’s review what we learned today. business to become a hairstylist. As Jack anticipated, his
Ryn: Okay, Cool. father raged and accused Jack of being selfish, ungrateful,
Lu: Who’s gonna go first? and ⓓunmanly. In the face of his father's fury, Jack felt
Jungeun: I’ll do it. Let me see.. Jack felt boredom confusion and fear. His resolve became weak. But then a
when working in his father’s insurance force filled his chest and he stood firm in his decision. In
industry as he wanted to be a hair dresser. following his path, Jack not only ran three ⓔflourish hair
Juan: no, he said it was more than just being bored. shops, but also helped his clients experience their inner
He felt dying inside. beauty by listening and encouraging them when they faced
Jungeun: That’s kind of an exaggeration. dark times.
Don’t be silly.
Lu: Guys, chill out. Both of you are right. ① ⓐ ② ⓑ ③ ⓒ ④ ⓓ ⑤ ⓔ

정답 41) ④
42) ⑤
1) driving past even though the buses are not full.
43) ③
2) ①
44) ⑤
3) ②
45) ⑤
4) ③
46) ⑤
5) ⑤
47) ③
6) ③
48) (A): political
7) not who they are but how they act (B): research
8) ④ (C): environmental
9) ⑤ (D): contributions
10) ② (E): support
11) ③ (F): spending
12) They should give feedback on specific actions 49) ④
instead of personal traits 50) ②
13) ⑤ 51) ①
14) ② 52) (A) consciously
15) ① (B) right
16) ③ 53) ②
17) ② 54) ③
18) ② 55) ③
19) ① 56) ②
20) ④ 57) ④
21) (1) ⓒ 58) ①
(2) supportive 59) ②
22) (A) a diverse ecosystem where each species can 60) ⑤
thrive 61) ②
(B) overshadowing the others 62) ③
23) ③ 63) ①
24) ② 64) ①
25) ④ 65) ①
26) ② 66) ①
27) ① 67) ⑤
28) ① 68) ②
29) ⑤ 69) ②
30) ② 70) ②
31) ⓐ unwind 71) ②
ⓑ weights 72) ⑤
ⓒ immersed
73) ③
ⓓ undercut
74) ③
ⓔ immobility
75) ①
32) ②
76) ⑤
33) ④
77) ③
34) ⑤
78) ③
35) ③
79) ⑤
36) ⑤
80) ③
37) ②
81) ②
38) ⑤
82) ①
39) (A) liberty
83) ⑤
(B) conflicts
84) ①
(C) diversification
85) ②
40) ④

86) ② 137) ④
87) ③ 138) ⑤
88) ② 139) ③
89) ② 140) ①
90) ③ 141) ⑤
91) ③ 142) ③
92) ② 143) ②
93) ③ 144) ①
94) ④ 145) ⑤
95) ④ 146) ②
96) ⑤ 147) ③
97) ① 148) ③
98) ① 149) ②
99) ⑤ 150) ②
100) ① 151) ③
101) ③ 152) ③
102) ⑤ 153) ④
103) ⑤ 154) ①
104) ⑤ 155) ②
105) ③ 156) ②
106) ④ 157) ⑤
107) ③ 158) ④
108) Evolving 159) the brain is adaptive, it economizes its fuel
109) ⑤ resources.
110) ③ 160) ②
111) ④ 161) ③
112) ② 162) ①
113) ③ 163) ①
114) ③ 164) ②
115) ④ 165) ⑤
116) ③ 166) ②
117) ④ 167) ②
118) of what gets committed to memory can 168) ①
119) organizing 169) ①
120) ③ 170) ②
121) ⑤ 171) ③
122) ④ 172) ③
123) ① 173) ②
124) ④ 174) ③
125) ①,④ 175) ④
126) ② 176) ②
127) ② 177) ③
128) ③ 178) ①
129) ② 179) ①
130) ① 180) ⑤
131) ② 181) ②
132) ② 182) ②
133) ③ 183) ⑤
134) ⑤ 184) ④
135) ① 185) ③
136) ① 186) social norms regarding age need to be updated

to reflect the changing dynamics between

chronological and biological age.
187) ④
188) ①
189) ④
190) ⑤
191) ③
192) (A) oral traditions
(B) wiser
(C) gap
(D) changed
193) ⑤
194) ③
195) ④
196) ⓐ As Jack anticipated
ⓑ his father raged
ⓒ accused Jack of being selfish, ungrateful and
unmanly
197) ⑤

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[고2] 2023년도 9월 모의고사 - 기출모음 #1

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 18번

1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 우리말 표현을 주어진 <조건>에 맞추어 영어

I would like to draw your attention to a problem that

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

[고2] 2023년 09월 – 19번

2. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?2)

My 10-year-old appeared, in desperate need of a quarter.

(A) My tone bordered on irritation. I didn’t want to be

(B) Inscribed at their feet were words that read It starts

(C) I placed a quarter in my son’s hand. Moments later, a

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

5. 다음 글을 요약할 때, 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ중 나머지와 의미하는 바가

Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure

① much easier for them to change their personality

employees Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to "figure

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

7. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 적절한 말을 <보기>의 단어들을 모두 한 번 9. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?9)

<보기> ① drop hints about their incompetence in an e-mail to

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

① 1개 ② 2개 ③ 3개 ④ 4개 ⑤ 5개 Q. How should managers provide feedback to employees

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

15. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A),

I suspect fungi are a little more forward "thinking" than

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

I suspect fungi are a little more forward “thinking” than

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

 다음 글을 읽은 후 나눈 교사와 학생의 <대화>를 읽 <조건>

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

25. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지

It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to

① Enjoy Your Everyday Life!

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

28. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A),

It's remarkable that positive fantasies help us relax to

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

30. 윗글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

The last thing you want to be is relaxed.

① (A) ② (B) ③ (C) ④ (D) ⑤ (E)

31. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 <보기>의 단어를 사용하여 같은 의미

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

34. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?34)

If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

36. 다음 글을 요약할 때, (A)~(E)에 들어갈 말이 올바르게 짝지 37. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?37)

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

41. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 (A)가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것

If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and

① Developments in cooking tools hinder diversification of

[Flow Edu] flowedu.tistory.com

③ Consider each purchase carefully, researching the

① 물건을 구매할 때 정치적인 이슈에 따라 구매여부를 결

→ Buy (A)_, Make Companies Do the (B)_