MODULE 2:

HISTORY OF COMPUTER:
BASIC COMPUTING
PERIODS

Group 1 Reporters:
Esparcia, Jefrey L.
Tulba, Marvin B.
Entrina, Myresvic A.
Definition of Computer
• • Computer is a programmable machine.
• Computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information, or data. It has the
ability to
store, retrieve, and process data.
• Computer is a machine that manipulates data
according to a list of instructions (program).
• Computer is any device which aids humans in
performing various kinds of computations or
calculations.
Learning Objectives:
•
At the end of the chapter, students must be able to:
• Gain familiarity of the different discoveries during
the different periods.
• Learn different inventions and discoveries during
electro-mechanical age that lead to
the inventions of today’s technology.
• Identify different technologies and their
improvements during the different
generations.
Three principal characteristics
of computer:

• • It responds to a specific set of

instructions in a well-defined manner.
• It can execute a pre-recorded list of
instructions.
• It can quickly store and retrieve
large amounts of data.
 Applications of ICT
(Computers) in Our Daily
Lives
 1. Business

• Almost every business uses computers nowadays.

They can be employed to store andmaintain accounts,
personnel records, manage projects, track inventory,
create presentations and reports. They enable
communication with people both within and outside
the business, using various technologies, including e-
mail. They can be used to promote the business and
enable direct interaction with customers.
 2. Education
• Computers can be used to give learners audio-visual
packages, interactive exercises, and remote learning,
including tutoring over the internet. They can be
used to access educational information from intranet
and internet sources, or via e-books.
 3. Healthcare
• Healthcare continues to be revolutionized by
computers. As well as digitized medical
information making it easier to store and
access patient data, complex information can
be analyzed by software to aid discovery of
diagnoses, as well as search for risks of
diseases. Computers control lab equipment,
heart rate monitors, and blood pressure
monitors.
 4. Retail and Trade
• Computers can be used to buy and sell
products online - this enables sellers to reach a
wider market with low overheads, and buyers
to compare prices, read reviews, and choose
delivery preferences.
 5. Government
• Various government departments
use computers to improve the
quality and efficiency of their
services.
 6. Marketing
• Computers enable marketing
campaigns to be more precise through
the analysis and
manipulation of data. They facilitate the
creation of websites and promotional
materials.
 7. Science
• Scientists were one of the first groups
to adopt computers as a work tool. In
science, computers can be used for
research, sharing information with
other specialists both locally and
internationally, as well as collecting,
categorizing, analyzing, and storing
data.
 8. Publishing
• Computers can be used to design
pretty much any type of publication.
These might include newsletters,
marketing materials, fashion
magazines, novels, or newspapers.
 9. Arts and
Entertainment
• Computers are now used in virtually
every branch of the arts, as well as
in the wider entertainment industry.
Computers can be used to create
drawings, graphic designs, and
paintings.
 10.
Communication
• Computers have made real-time
communication over the internet easy, thanks
to software and videoconferencing services
such as Skype. Families can connect with
audio and video, businesses can hold meetings
between remote participants, and news
organizations can interview people without the
need for a film crew.
 11. Banking and Finance
• Most banking in advanced countries now
takes place online. You can use
computers to check your account
balance, transfer money, or pay off credit
cards. You can also use computer
technology to access information on
stock markets, trade stocks, and manage
investments.
 12. Transport
• Road vehicles, trains, planes, and
boats are increasingly automated
with computers being used to
maintain safety and navigation
systems, and increasingly to drive,
fly, or steer
13. Navigation
• Navigation has become increasingly
computerized, especially since computer
technology has been combined with GPS
technology. Computers combined with
satellites mean that it's now easy to pinpoint
your exact location, know which way that you
are moving on a map,
and have a good idea of amenities and places
of interest around you.
14. Working From Home
• Computers have made working
from home and other forms of
remote working increasingly
common.
 15. Military
• Computers are used extensively by
the military. They are use for training
purposes. They are used for
analyzing intelligence data.
 16. Social and Romance
• Computers have opened up many
ways of socializing that didn't
previously exist. Social media
enables people to chat in text or
audio in real time across large
distances, as well as exchange
photographs, videos, and memes.
 17. Booking Vacations
• Computers can be used by
travelers to study timetables,
examine route options, and buy
plane ticket, train, or bus tickets.
 18. Security and
Surveillance
• Computers are increasingly being combined
with other technologies to monitor people and
goods. Computers combined with biometric
passports make it harder for people to
fraudulently enter a country or gain access to a
passenger airplane.
 19. Weather
Forecasting
• The world's weather is complex and
depends upon a multitude of factors that
are constantly changing. It's impossible
for human beings to monitor and process
all the information coming in from
satellite and other technologies, never
mind perform the complex calculations
that are needed to predict what is likely
to happen in the future.
 20. Robotics
• Robotics is an expanding area of
technology which combines
computers with science and
engineering to produce machines
that can either replace humans, or
do specific jobs that humans are
unable to do
T h a n k
y o u �
 History of
Computer: Basic
Computing
Periods
Earliest Computers originally calculations were
computed by humans, whose job title was
computers.
• These human computers were typically engaged in the
calculation of a mathematical expression.
• The calculations of this period were specialized and
expensive, requiring years of training in
mathematics.
• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in
1613, referring to a person who carried out
calculations, or computations, and the word continued
to be used in that sense until the middle of
the 20th century.
 a) Tally sticks

A tally stick was an

ancient memory aid
device to record and
document numbers,
quantities, or even
messages.
 b) Abacus
An abacus is a mechanical device
used to aid an individual in performing
mathematical
calculations.
• The abacus was invented in
Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the form we are most
familiar with was first used in China in
around
500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic
operations.
 c) Napier’s Bones
• Invented by John Napier in
1614.
• Allowed the operator to
multiply, divide and
calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in
specially constructed
boards.