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PSP2020-Lect File 2

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6 views27 pages

PSP2020-Lect File 2

Uploaded by

Anas Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Power System Protection

EE454

Lecture ppt. # 2
• Note:
The materials in this presentation are only for the use of students enrolled in this course in the
specific campus; these materials are for purposes associated with this course and may not be
further disseminated or retained after expiry of the course.

Some of the Contents


Lect. File 2 – Chapter 2 of PS Relaying
Detection of Faults – different methodologies, Fuses (just brief),
Electromechanical Relays, Computer relays
• Contents for this lecture from the course plan for ODL
So detect motor current going
beyond the level of 306A –
This is a fault or any
other abnormal condition.

Level above which relay


operates is known as pickup
setting of relay.
Assume that normally IA and IB
are equal (or proportionate)
Very sensitive – gives sharp zone boundaries
But is limited to PS apparatus (for non-pilot
protection)
Harmonic content, obtained through filtering,
may be used by the protection system.
Some of the issues with fuses are:
1. Single shot feature
2. Only one phase trips – that can lead to single phasing
in motors.
3. Do not have very high interrupting capacity as
needed in HV power systems.
A simple relay that you
might have seen/used
Plunger type relays
A GE electro-mechanical
overcurrent relay
An Alstom Relay
A protection system based on
micro-processor relay
A contact that is closed in the de-
energized (on the shelf) state is
Normally Closed.

Conventionally, On-the shelf states may be shown in schematic or wiring


diagrams – even if the contact status is different when it is in service. E.g.
see CB aux contact in topic 2.8.
Example – GE computer relay

Example – in CBs
Rough idea: This coil keeps the
trip coil energized even if the An example of the concept of
relay contacts open. seal-in being used in any DC (e.g.
motor or lamp) circuit.

In topic 2.8:
Generally an electromechanical
relay may exhibit this inverse time
relationship. A time delay may also be added
e.g. in the GE computer relay.
The reset current may also be required to be carefully
considered.
Pick-up current is the value of coil current which makes Let me make an example: a system undergoes an abnormal
the plunger rise and the contacts to meet e.g. 5A condition, the relay contacts move towards each other but do
not close. Subsequently, if the system returns to normal, the
Once picked-up, reducing to 4.999A might not reset the relay. relay contacts should also return to original state. However, if the
drop out current is lower than the actual normal state current,
So, the energizing current needs to fall below a certain the contacts may stay at their semi-picked up state and operating
value for the relay to reset – this is dropout (reset) time may be affected in any subsequent relay operation. i.e. the
current. relay will not follow its operating curve now.
DC cct is usually isolated from
ground. The indicator bulbs light up
at half brilliance, in case of a
grounding of a DC bus, that lamp
extinguishes while the other turns
to full brilliance.

It may be said that: the aux contact opens with


the main contact. As the main contact opens the
This contact will be actually closed when in service. The power line current, the aux contact opens the
state shown here is ‘on the shelf’ state trip coil current.

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