Multi-Core Computer Architecture: Performance Evaluation Methods
Multi-Core Computer Architecture: Performance Evaluation Methods
Lecture 1D
Performance Evaluation Methods
John Jose
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Measuring Performance
❖ When can we say one computer / architecture / design is
better than others?
❖ Desktop PC – ( execution time of a program)
❖ Server (transactions / unit time)
Solution:
Fraction enhanced = 0.4
Speedup enhanced = 10
Amdahl's Law for Parallel Processing
100 100 100 100
100 50 50 25 25 25 25 ∞ Processors, Time ≈0
100 100 100 100
100 50 50 25 25 25 25 ∞ Processors, Time ≈0
100 100 100 100
Work 500, Work 500, Work 500, Work 500,
Time 500 Time 400 Time 350 Time 300
Sp=1X Sp=1.25X Sp=1.4X Sp=1.7X
How much Speed up you can achieve ?
Design Example
A common transformation required in graphics processors is square
root. Implementations of floating-point (FP) square root vary
significantly in performance, especially among processors designed
for graphics. Suppose FP square root (FPSQR) is responsible for
20% of the execution time of a critical graphics benchmark.
One proposal is to enhance the FPSQR hardware and
speed up this operation by a factor of 10. The other alternative is
just to try to make all FP instructions in the graphics processor run
faster by a factor of 1.6; FP instructions are responsible for half of
the execution time for the application. Compare these two design
alternatives using Amdahl's Law.
Design Example
Case A: FPSQR hardware optimization Case B: FP instructions optimization
Principles of Computer Design
❖ All processors are driven by clock.
❖ Expressed as clock rate in GHz or clock period in ns
❖ CPU Time = CPU clock cycles x clock cycle time
Principles of Computer Design