TLE KEYWORDS

( ELECTRICITY )

ELECTRICITY – form of energy that encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting flow of electric
charge. Came from the Greek word ELECTRON which means AMBER.

ELECTRIC CHARGE – flow or movement of lost electron from atom

ATOM - the smallest part or unit of matter or substance

NUCLEUS – the center of atom

PROTON – positive charged particles

ELECTRON – negative charged particles

NEUTRON – uncharged particles

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT - flow of electricity in an electronic circuit, and to the amount of electricity flowing
through a circuit.

SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY

MECHANICAL – converts the primary energy and secondary energy by using electric generator to
produce electricity

- PRIMARY ENERGY - wind, solar power, geothermal, hydropower, ocean power

- SECONDARY ENERGY – coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power

CHEMICAL – used electric cells or battery to produce electricity

* TYPES OF MECHANICAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

1. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY - geo means earth, thermal means heat, which means it gives electricity
through the heat of earth just like volcanoes

2. HYDROPOWER – hydro comes from the Greek word water, this is the force of moving water from
rivers to a storage in short dams.

3. OCEAN POWER – create current through the movement of waves.

4. SOLAR ENERGY – provided by the sun, most inexhaustible and cleanest source of energy.

5. WIND POWER – converts the wind in to electricity and the machine use of it is called wind turbine.
6. COAL ENERGY – coal rocks that burns to release energy.( it is among fossil fuels that is considered
nonrenewable energy resources )

7. NUCLEAR ENERGY – power plant

8. NATURAL GAS – made up of methane which is a combination of hydrogen and carbon. organic matter

9. BIOMASS ENERGY – all solid material of animal and vegetable to burn, heat, and ferment to
produced energy

TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

ALTERNATING CURRENT ( AC ) – the flow of electric charge that move back and forth and its voltage and
current changes respectively overtime

DIRECT CURRENT ( DC ) – the flow of electric charge that is only in one direction. The source of direct
current are chemical battery, electronic power supply, generator

KINDS OF ELECTRICITY

STATIC ELECTRICITY - the result of an imbalance between negative and positive charges in an object.
The charge remains until it can move away by an electric current or electrical discharge.

DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY – also known as electric current, and it is the flow or movement of positive and
negative charge particles

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS IN INSTALLING ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING

* SWITCHES

PUSH SWITCH – allows the current flow only when the button is pressed ( doorbell )

PUSH TO BREAK SWITCH - push to make a device do or stop something. In short pag pindot mo mag on
then need mo pindutin ulet para mag off

ON AND OFF SWITCH – SPST ( single pole, single throw ) allows the current flow when the on position

2 WAY SWITCH – SPDT – on off on

* OUTPUT DEVICE ( motor, heater etc )

LAMP LIGHTING – convert electrical energy to light ( lamp providing illumination ) headlight

LAMP INDICATOR - convert electrical energy to light , ( flasher of motor )

HEATER – convert the electrical energy to heat

MOTOR – convert electrical energy to kinetic energy ( motion )

BELL – convert the electrical energy to sound

INDUCTOR – convert electrical energy to mechanical energy by pulling something

* POWER SUPPLIES

CELL – supplies electrical energy

BATTERY – supplies electrical energy, ant it is two or more cells combined together

FUSE - to protect electrical equipment from short circuits

LOAD – electrical device that consume electrical energy

PATH – use as conductor of electricity which provides passage for electric current from the source

CONTROL – control the circuit on and off conveniently

SOURCE – provides electrical power to the circuit

* TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

SERIES CIRCUIT – all loads are connected in straight line , if one load ay sira di sila lahat Gagana

PARALLEL CIRCUIT – pag ang isang load ay nasira Gagana parin ang iba

OHMS LAW ( GEORGE OHM )

- relationship between voltage, current and ideal conductor

- current through a conductor is directly proportional to the difference of voltage or two points and
inversely proportional to resistance

CURRENT – symbol niya ay ( I ) or amperes

SOLUTION – I = V + R ( AMPERES = VOLTS + RESISTANCE )

VOLTAGE – pressure para a push ang flow ng current

SOLUTION - V = I x R ( multiply )

RESISTANCE – how much current will flow through a component

SOLUTION - R = V / I ( divide )
ELECTRONICS

ELECRONICS - flow of electron through nonmetal conductors

Electronic components - basic discrete electronic device or physical entity part of an electronic
system used to affect electrons or their associated fields.

Electrical Circuit - is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current

Network - is a connection of two or more components

Conductors – are metals and other substances where electrons can move freely

Insulators – substances where electrons cannot move freely

Transformer – is an electronic devised used in producing desired voltage

Inductors – the choke or coil in a circuit that oppose changes in electric current

Semiconductors – a group that are neither good conductors nor good insulators

CAPACITORS - device able to temporarily store electricity. electricity. It was invented by Ewald Georg von
Kleist (October 1745).

DIODE - device is used to limit the movement of electricity to move in one specific direction.

TRANSISTOR - An electrical circuit needs to have switches to control the current. In electronic
equipment, the most useful kind of switch is the transistor. William Shockley

RESISTOR - ability to resist the flow of electrons used to control the strength of the current in a circuit.

TYPES OF CIRCUIT BOARD

Breadboard - Temporary, no soldering required, way of making a temporary circuit for testing purposes

Strip board - has parallel strips of copper track on one side.

Printed Circuit Board - Printed circuit boards have copper tracks connecting the holes where the
components are placed.

TYPES OF RESISTOR

RESISTOR - restricts the flow of current

Variable Resistor (Rheostat) - usually used to control current. 2 contacts

Variable Resistor (Potentiometer) - 3 contacts (a potentiometer) is usually used to control voltage.

Variable Resistor(Preset) - operated with a small screwdriver or similar tool. MAS MURA

Voltmeter - A voltmeter is used to measure voltage.

Ammeter - An ammeter is used to measure current.

Galvanometer - is used to measure tiny currents

Ohmmeter - used to measure resistance.

Oscilloscope - used to display the shape of electrical signals and it can be used to measure their voltage
and time period.

Logic gates –

Truth table – all possible combination ay nandito

Basic gate = AND GATE, OR GATE, NOT GATE ( AON )

AND GATE – two or more output and only one input, If any one of the inputs is off then the output is on.
When both inputs are the same the output is off

OR GATE - two or more output and only one input, The output is ON when atleast one of the inputs are
ON. If both off the output is off

NOT GATE – single input, single output, it is like switch on and off the other name of it is INVERTER

UNIVERSAL GATES = NOR GATES, NAND GATE

NOR GATE – combination of NOT and OR gate, When both input are off, then the output is on.
When one of the inputs are on, then the output is off

NAND GATE - Combination of AND gate and NOT gate, When both inputs are on the output is off, When
one of the inputs are off the output is on

SPECIAL GATE – XOR GATE, XNOR GATE

XOR GATE - If any one of the inputs is off then the output is on, When both inputs are the same the
output is off

XNOR GATE - If any one of the inputs is off then the output is on. When both inputs are the same the
output is off