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Database SOP

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Umer Sheikh
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56 views

Database SOP

Uploaded by

Umer Sheikh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database SOP: Maintenance, Monitoring, Deployment, Optimization, and

Health Check

1. Introduction
This document outlines the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the
management of databases. The procedures ensure effective database maintenance,
monitoring, deployment, optimization, and health checks, helping maintain system
integrity, performance, and availability.
1.1 Purpose
To provide a consistent and comprehensive approach to database administration
tasks, including maintaining data integrity, monitoring performance, optimizing
queries, ensuring uptime, and deploying database changes.
1.2 Scope
This SOP applies to all databases managed within the organization, including
relational and NoSQL databases. It covers routine tasks, emergency procedures, and
performance optimization.
1.3 Responsibilities
 Database Administrators (DBAs): Responsible for executing maintenance,
monitoring, and optimization tasks.
 Development Team: Ensures the smooth deployment of database changes.
 Operations Team: Monitors database health and uptime, responds to
incidents.

2. Database Maintenance
2.1 Regular Backups
 Frequency: Daily backups for production databases and weekly backups for
non-critical databases.
 Types of Backups: Full, differential, and incremental.
 Backup Verification: Ensure all backups are regularly tested for restoration
integrity.
 Storage Location: Backups should be stored securely, both onsite and
offsite (cloud or physical backup sites).
2.2 Index Maintenance
 Rebuilding Indexes: Perform full rebuild on indexes that are fragmented
over 30%.
 Reorganizing Indexes: Use for indexes with fragmentation between 5%
and 30%.
2.3 Update Statistics
 Schedule: Run regularly, particularly after large data imports.
 Automation: Enable auto-update statistics if possible.

3. Database Monitoring
3.1 Monitoring Tools
 Tool Selection: Use appropriate monitoring tools (e.g., Nagios, Zabbix,
SolarWinds, or custom scripts).
 Key Metrics:
o CPU and memory usage

o Disk I/O and storage capacity

o Query performance (slow-running queries)

o Connection pool usage

o Deadlock occurrences

o Backup status

3.2 Alerts and Notifications


 Critical Alerts:
o Database down

o Disk full

o High query response times

o Backup failure

 Escalation Process: Define escalation matrix for critical alerts.

4. Database Deployment
4.1 Deployment Procedure
 Change Management Approval: Ensure all changes are approved via the
Change Management process.
 Version Control: Maintain database scripts in a version control system (e.g.,
Git).
 Testing: Test all schema and data changes in a staging environment before
deployment.
 Backup Before Deployment: Ensure backups are created prior to any
database update.
4.2 Deployment Steps
1. Pre-Deployment Review: Verify the changes and perform a dry run on
staging.
2. Deployment Plan: Define a rollback plan in case of failure.
3. Deploy: Use automated deployment tools or scripts to apply changes.
4. Post-Deployment Verification: Run health checks and confirm no negative
impact on performance or integrity.

5. Database Optimization
5.1 Query Optimization
 Review Query Plans: Regularly check query execution plans for
inefficiencies.
 Indexing: Ensure appropriate indexes are applied to improve read
performance.
 Avoid Unnecessary Joins: Minimize unnecessary joins and complex
queries.
5.2 Performance Tuning
 Partitioning Tables: Partition large tables for faster access.
 Optimize Connection Pools: Fine-tune the connection pool settings to
handle the optimal number of concurrent connections.
 Caching: Implement caching for frequently accessed data.

6. Database Health Checks


6.1 Routine Health Checks
 Daily: Monitor CPU, memory, and disk usage. Check for failed backups or
long-running queries.
 Weekly: Check for table and index fragmentation, deadlocks, and blocked
processes.
 Monthly: Review audit logs, analyze slow queries, and validate disaster
recovery procedures.
6.2 Security Health Check
 User Access Review: Periodically review user access to ensure least-
privilege principles.
 Patch Management: Ensure the database software is updated with the
latest security patches.
 Encryption: Verify that sensitive data is encrypted both at rest and in
transit.

7. Troubleshooting and Incident Response


7.1 Incident Detection
 Common Issues:
o High CPU or memory usage

o Disk space exhaustion

o Query timeouts

o Deadlocks

 Incident Monitoring: Use logs and monitoring tools to detect issues early.
7.2 Incident Resolution
 Initial Assessment: Determine the scope and impact of the issue.
 Rollback Plan: If the issue is due to a recent deployment, initiate rollback
procedures.
 Fix and Document: Apply a fix and document the incident for future
prevention.

8. Documentation and Reporting


8.1 Maintenance Logs
 Record-Keeping: Keep detailed logs of maintenance activities, incidents,
and backups.
 Incident Reports: After every critical incident, create a report outlining the
issue, resolution, and steps for prevention.
8.2 Performance Reports
 Generate monthly reports on database performance and uptime.
 Share key metrics with stakeholders and management.
9. Appendix
 A. Database Backup Schedule
 B. Monitoring Tools Configuration
 C. Sample SQL Scripts for Maintenance

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