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Informatics Practices Revision Book

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11 views5 pages

Informatics Practices Revision Book

Uploaded by

debasissahu09471
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Informatics Practices Revision Book

Class 12th - CBSE 2024 Syllabus

This revision book is designed to help Class 12 students of Informatics Practices revise important

topics and code concepts as per the 2024 CBSE syllabus. The book covers Python programming,

Pandas, SQL, Computer Networks, Data Visualization, and Societal Impacts of Technology. Each

section includes essential code snippets, commands, and concept explanations.

1. Data Handling using Pandas and Numpy

a) DataFrames and Series:

- DataFrame: A 2D labeled data structure (like a table).

- Series: A one-dimensional labeled array.

Example:

```python

import pandas as pd

data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'], 'Age': [25, 30, 22]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df)

```

b) Operations on DataFrames:

- Selecting columns/rows

- Adding or dropping columns

- Filtering data
Example:

```python

# Select a column

print(df['Name'])

# Add a new column

df['Score'] = [85, 90, 88]

```

c) Handling Missing Data:

- Use `fillna()`, `dropna()` to handle missing data in DataFrames.

Example:

```python

df.fillna(0)

df.dropna()

```

d) Grouping, Merging, and Joining:

- Use `groupby()`, `merge()`, and `join()` to combine and aggregate data.

```python

grouped = df.groupby('Age').mean()

merged = pd.merge(df1, df2, on='common_column')

```

2. Database Query using SQL


a) Basic SQL Queries:

- SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

Example:

```sql

SELECT * FROM students WHERE age > 18;

INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('John', 20);

UPDATE students SET age = 21 WHERE name = 'John';

DELETE FROM students WHERE age < 18;

```

b) Aggregate Functions:

- COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), MAX()

Example:

```sql

SELECT AVG(age) FROM students;

```

c) Joins:

- INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN

Example:

```sql

SELECT students.name, marks.score FROM students

INNER JOIN marks ON students.id = marks.student_id;


```

3. Computer Networks

a) Network Fundamentals:

- Types of networks: LAN, WAN, MAN

- Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring

b) Internet Protocols:

- HTTP, FTP, TCP/IP, DNS

c) Cloud Computing and Network Security:

- Cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

- Security threats: Malware, Phishing

4. Data Visualization

a) Plotting with Matplotlib:

- Basic plotting: line plots, bar charts, histograms

Example:

```python

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3]

y = [5, 7, 4]

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.show()
```

b) Customizing Plots:

- Adding labels, title, and changing color

Example:

```python

plt.plot(x, y, color='red')

plt.title('Sample Plot')

plt.xlabel('X Axis')

plt.ylabel('Y Axis')

```

5. Societal Impacts of Technology

a) Digital Footprint:

- Impact of online activities on privacy

b) Net Neutrality:

- Equal access to all internet services

c) Cyber Ethics:

- Responsible behavior in the digital world

- Issues like copyright, plagiarism, and digital piracy

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