 gm

sec
• 2. F.P. S
1. (Basic Fundamental Quantity) - Foot
2. (Derived Quantity) -Pound
3. (Complementry Quantity) - sec
1. : 3. M.K.S
m
Example :- - kg
-sec
2. 4. S.I - 1960
-6
Example : etc
7
3.
"mole" 1971
• S. I
Exmaple:- etc.
•
1.
1. (Scalar quantity)
2.
2. (Vector quantity)
3.
1.
4. k(
5. A( )
6. Cd( )
Example :
7. Mole
 -

• 2
-
1. -
2. -
Example : -


etc.
Example : –

UNIT AND DIMENTION - m2 (  b) m × m

- (m3  bh) m × m × m
•
Unit
= (kg/m3)

1. C. G. S • = (m/sec)
- cm • = (m/sec)

1
 1
• = m/sec ×  m / sec   = m/sec2 = [M°LT
T–2]
sec
 Force = × = kg m/sec2 = 1N
• 1 -9.46 × 1015 m/10–12km C. G. S = (dyne)
1N = 10 5

• 1 = 10–5N
1 = 3.26 1 = gm. cm/sec2
= 3.08 × 1016m/1013 km = [MLT–2]
 (Work) = × w = f . cos
• 15 km/14.96 km = N.m S.I = 1 J = 1 N.m
• C. G. S =
1 = 1.852 km 1 = 107 1 = 10–7
• (Radius) 10–10m 1 = [ML2T–2]
 (Energy)-
= 10 m
–15
2
1 2  m
1 m • (K.E) = mv = kg. 
 sec 
2
Computer/mobile Data
= kg.m2 /sec2 = N.m (1 Jule) = [ML2T–2]
4 Bits – 1 Nibble
• (P.E) = mgh
8 Bits – 1Byte-
m = mass g = acceleration h = height
32 Bits – 1 Ip (Internet protocol)
1024 Byte – 1 KB m m2
 kg.  m  kg  1Jule
• sec 2 sec2
1 = 0.2 gm
= [ML2T–2]
1 gm = 5
 (Power)-
24 = 4.8 gm
= = J/sec
• = 24
S.I = Watt 1 = 1 Jul/sec
• 1 = 3.785 L
• 1 = 1.58.98 L / 159 L m2 
= N.m/sec = kg  = [ML2T–3]
2 sec
• sec
• • 1 H.p = 746
 = (m2) = [M°L2T°]/ [L2] • Note-
 = m3 = [M°L3T°]/ [L3] • 0.05 Hp 0.1 Hp
•
  = kg/m3 = [ML3T°] 1 cal = 4.186 Jule / 1 jULE 0.24 cal
 (Torque) : - ×
  = m/s = [M°LT-1] = = kg m/sec2 ×m = [ML2T–2]
 (moment of inertia) :-
w = mr 2
m = mass r = Distance
  = m/s = [M°LT-1]
= kgm2 = [ML2T–2]
 (Impulse) – ×

2
 = N.sec = kg. m/sec2 × sec = kg m/sec =[MLT–1]  (Angular momentum) = ×
 (Momentum) = P = mv = kg m2 × /sec = [M l2T–1]
m = mass v = velocity  (Surface tension) :-
= kg. m/sec = [MLT–1]
force

length m
 (Density) =
= kg m/sec2 . m = kg/sec2 = [ML°T–2]
= kg/m 3
= [ML T°]
–3

 (Stress) =

 (Specfic Density) = = N/m2 = [ML–1T–2]

4°C ML–1 T–2
•
•  / Strain =
•
• 

• G m1.m 2
 :– F=
Force r2
 (Pressure) 
area F= G=
• = N/m2 • S.I = m1· m2 = r=
• 1 = 1N/m2 = [ML–1T–2]
Fr 2 Nm 2
• Fr = Gm1 · m2
2
or, G =
m1.m 2
or,G =
kg 2

= [M–1L3T–2]
1 bar = 103 mb mb = 10–3 Bar
(G)
1 bar = 105 Pascal 1 = 10–5 bar
• Torr 1 Torr = 133.3 Nm 2
= 6.67 × 10–11
1 kg 2
 (Frequency) =
• (Megnetir Flux)-
S.I. Hz =[M°LºT ] –1
S.I = C.G. S =
 (Angular velocity):- 1 = 10 8
1 = 10–8

Radian • (Megnetir Feild)-

 = [M°L°T–1]
sec S. I = C.G. S =
• 1 = 10 4
1 =1
• 1 =1 ×m 2
1 =1 / m2
• 1 =1 .cm2 1 = cm2

Important Facts

3
 • Cricket Match Player Ball direction

• = = 1687
(iii)
(i)
Action to Reaction ( )

Example :
(Inertia):-
(i)
(ii)

•
(3)

•
(4)
(5) Rocket
(ii)

•
F  m.a (Friction)
• • S.I = Newton •
• C.G.S = Dyne •

(Momentum) :– FS  FK  FR  FL
• > > >

•
= •
m
P = MV = kg. = kgm/sec •
sec
(Impulse) :-
•
= × = N.sec = Kgm/sec
•
Example :-
•

4
•
(i)
(ii)
mv2
• F
r
• m = mass v = Velocity r=
• •
(Good
conductor)
•
•
•
• Layer
•

(Centripetal and Centrifugal Force) •

•
• Washing Machine

Important Facts

5
 =
• "g" =
• • =
•
• "g"

•
"g"
• • 17
"g" Value "0"
•
• "g" 1/6
• • 1/6

• •
1.
•
2.
• 3. = (N) = kg
4.
5.
F  m1m 2 .....(i)

1 •
F ....(ii)
2 (i) lift lift
r
lift

m1m2 mm
F F  G. 1 2 (ii) lift lift
2
r r2
G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2 G = [M–1L3T–2] (iii) lift lift
•
• (g) :- (iv) lift lify
lift
(g)
S.I = N/kg or,= m/sec2 (v) lift
• lift lift
• (Escape velocity)
• "g" 9.8 m/s2
g
"g 0" Ve  2gR
"0"   m.g = m. 0 = 0)
Ve = g= R=
• g =

6
 = 6.4 × 106 m 6400 km  (Lever)
• = 11.2 km/s • (Solid)
• = 2.38 km/s
• = 42 km/s 
• (Fulcrum)
"F"
• (Load/ weight)
"W"
• (Effort/Power)
"E"
Orbital/Polar (Geostationery • " " (Torque)
Satellite Satellite)

• (i)
36000 km E/ /W
• 84 min
F/
84min
• Example :-
• 36000 km etc.
(ii)
• 24

W E
• =
F
• (0)
Example :-
•
• Pendulum
Gate
(iii)
•

E W
F
Example : Steplur pin etc.

Important Facts

7
 External force • (Potential energy):-

(W) = F.S cos

S. I = Jule C.G. S = PE  m  g  h = Jule
 (Power) • chair =
= = Jule/sec.= 1 •
1 =1 sec 1 =1 × sec •
1 = 3.6×106 • spring/ spring
• HP •
1 HP = 746 •
 •
• •
•
1. (Kinetic energy) 2. (Potential energy) • " PE
• (Kinetic energy)
•
1
K.E  mv 2
2
• 
•

•
– tubelite
- –
• – Microphone
– Lodspeaker
1 1 m 1 m 2 v2
K.E  mv 2 or, K.E  MV 2 or,, K.E 
2 2 m 2 m

1 2 P2 •
or, K.E  P KE 
2m 2m

Important Facts

8
• (Pressure) •

•
1 = 1 N/m2 =10-5 Bar
• (Torr)= 133.32
•
1 (atm) = 1.013 Bar
•
•

•
•
•

•
(Density)

• = kg/m3 ML–3T0
•

• • =
°C
•
•
1 mb = 1/103 10–3
1 = 103 mb
• 1013.25

•
•

• 1/10
•
9/10

Important Facts

9
•
l
• T  2
g
l=

• (Mid g=
point) •

• (End Point) •

• (Time Period) •

M
T  2 • g
K
T=
M= • g
K = Force const g
•

• n •
n
• n
•
l
n

Important Facts

10
 (Surface Tension)
• • g

•
• (a)
(b)
• (c)

(Viscsity)
• •

•
•
•

•
•
(Cohesive and Adhesive Force) •
• •
•
•
•
•

• S.I. = , cgs =
• 1 = 10 =1

(Capitarity)  ML1T1 
•  
•
(Elasticity)
• (External force)
•
(Concave)
•
(Elastic goods)
(Convex)
• (Elastic goods steel)
•

11
• (Stress):-
=

•
= = N/m2 =[ML–1T–2]
 or , =E
• (Strain):-
E= E = Coefficient of elasticity
E = N/m2 = [ML–1T–2]

Important Facts

12
• • (Time period) :-

• sec

 • (Frequency) :-
Hz
(1) (Mechanical wave)
(2) (Non mechamical wave) 1
=
(1) Mechanical wave)
(2) (Non-mechnical wave) :-
• (electron magnetie wave)
•
•
• •
(i) (Transverse wave) • 3 × 108 m/s
(ii) (Longitudinal wave)
(i) (Transverse wave) •
• •
• •

• • buindle of energy

• (wave length)
 m • GRMI XUV
G = Gama Rays
• M = Micro wave
R = Radio wave
I = Infra-red wave
(ii) (Longitudinal wave) X = x – ray
U = Ultraviolet
V = visibale

- •

• X-ray : W
•
Spring
etc.
(Pisco-Electric Effect)
•
• (Amplitude) :- (balanced)
•
=m

13
• •

Note :-. •
•
•

• -
•

• •
• V E
• > >
•
•
•
V T

•
• 1°C 61 cm/s 0.61 m/s

•
(i) (Infrasonic wave)
1
(ii) (Audible wave) V
D
(iii) (Ultrasonic wave)
(i) 20 Hz train -

•
(ii) 20 - 20,000 Hz
1
V
M

(iii) 20,000 Hz •

eg • 0°C - 332 m/sec 750 mile/h

• 6500 m/s
• Hz
1460 m/s
•
•
•
(1) (Intensity)
Note : (2) (Pitch)
(3) (Quality)

14
(i) •

• •
16.6 m/17m

•
•
•

1
1  bel 10–1 bel •
10
• m2 (i) (RADAR) :-

• WHO 45 db (ii) (Sonar) :-

(iii) Dolphin
• 15-20
• 30-50
(iv)
60-80
(v)
• 90

(Refraction of Sound)
•

(iii)

•
•
•

(Reververatin of Sound)
(iii)
•

• (Reflection of sound)
• 0.8 sec
•

• • 0 sec

• •

15
• (Resonance of round): (constructive Interference)
Distructive interference
•

•
• Radio

• (Mach Number)-
(i)
• 1
Sub sonic
• 1 sonic yaan
• 1 5 super
(ii) sonic yawn
• 5 Hyper super
• (defrection of sound):- yawn
•
•

• (Interference of sound):-
•

•
•

Important Facts

16
• (2)
• H2 , N2,He
• S.I = Jule
• = or, kilo cal. Range = – 200°C to 500°C

• 1 jule = 0.24 cal. Range = – 200°C to 1500°C

• 1 = 4.186 Jule/ 4.2 Jule Range = – 200°C to ......

• 1kilo cal = 4186 Jule (3)

• BTU (Brithish thermal unit ) • Range = – 200°C 1200°C

• 1 BTU = 252 cal (4) -
• Cu/ Range = – 200°C to 1600°C

• 1 gm
(5)
14.5 °C 15.5°C
• Range = 800°C
 (Temperature)
•
• S.I (Kelwin) •
= 0° •
• E  T4
(1) • =
• Range = – 39°C to 350°C •
• 39°C

• Range = – 115° to 350°C
(i) (ii)
Alcohalic thermameter ethanol (ethyle alcohol )
(iii) (iv)
(C2H5OH) Doctor USE
thermameter (i) –
Range – 35°C to 42°C /95°F to 108° F 0°C 100°C
• (ii) 32°F
212°F
(i) (iii) 273 K to 373k

(ii) (iv) 0
80
(iii)

C F  32 K  273 R
  
5 9 5 4

17
• •

• (Conduction) • (Rediation)

• •
•
• •
•

(i) (Good conductor) •

eg. (i) (Linear Expansion)
(ii) (Superfical Expansion)
(ii) (Bad Conductor) (iii) (Volume Expansion)
(i)
eg. etc.
(iii) (Insulator) (ii)

eg.
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
Note :
(iii)
(iv)
•

(v)
•

(vi)   
 
1 2 3

or,       1: 2 : 3
• (Convection) •

• (i)
• (ii)
•
(iii)

18
(iv) Note : 0°C 4°C
• 0°C
• 4°C
• 0°C 10°C
Note 0°C
4°C •

4°C

Important Facts

19
•
•
3 km/s (108 m/s)
• •
•
(sin i)
• = constant
(sin r)
•
•
•
(i)
 (Velocity of Light):- (ii)
• 3 km/s (108 m/s)
• (iii)
•
(iv)

•
• •

• 3 × 105 km/s •
• 2.25 × 105 km/s
• 2× 105 km/s
 (Reflection of Light):- • (2.42)
• 
(Total Internal Reflection of Light):-
•
•

(90°)
•
(i)

eg.
(ii)
 (Refrection of Light):-
• Note :
(Indoscopic)
• Indoscopic
•

20
• eg. R.B.G. (Red, Blue, Green)
• (ii)
•
eg. =
 (Dispersion of Light):- =
• =
Note :
• (iii)
eg.
•  (Mirror)
•
 (Scattering of Light):- (1) (Plane Mirror)
• (2) (Spherical Mirror)
(1)

• •

• •

(i)
• (Letrel Inversion)
(ii)
(iii)
•
 (Interference of Light):-
• •  

• 
eg. (i)
(ii)
360
(iii) CD 

 (Colours of Object):-
•
•
•
•
45°

•
(i) • 60°

21
(2)
•

• (AgNO3)
•
•
•
• •
(i) (Concave Mirror)
1
(ii) (Convex Mirror) P
f
(i)
•
•
•
(Convergug mir-
ror)
•
•

• >

•
• =
•

•
• <
•

(ii) •
(Diverging •
mirror)
• •

•
• (Rod)
 (Lens)
Light
•
•
(i) (Convex lens)
(ii) (Concave lens)
(i) • 25 cm
convex lens 25
cm
•

22
• (3) (Pressbiopia)
(1) (Myopia)
• Biofocal lens
• (4) (Stagmetism) :

(2) (Hypermetropia)

• •

Important Facts

23
• (Electro State) • (Electric Current)

•   1
Sec
•
(a) (Bad Conductor)

•
eg.

•
•

•
•

•
(b) (Good Conductor)
(a) (AC)
(b) (DC)
eg.
(a) (Alternative Current)

•
(b) (Direct Current)
•

• AC DC
1 • (Electric Resistance)
• (i) 

1
(ii)  =

(c) (Semi Conductor)
 (Potential and Potential Difference):-
•

• (–273°C, OK)

eg.
(d) (Super Conductor)

•
(i) (Heating Effect)

eg. (ii) (Chemical Effect)

24
 (iii) (Magnetic Effect)
• eg.

•
•

• •
(POP)
• (Battery)
Coil (Mica) •

(i)

(800° – 1000°C) eg.

•
•
• (3500°C) •

•
(ii)
•
eg.

H2SO4
•
• (PBO2)
H2SO4
• H2SO4 (Oil of vitriol)
•
• (Grouping of Electric Current)
•
(i) (Series Combustion)
(ii) (Parallel Combustion)
(Electrolysics) (i)
•

•
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...........
• eg. 

25
  •
•
•
(ii)

•
=VI
1 1 1 1 V = IR
    ...........
R R1 R 2 R 3 V=
eg.   I=
R=
•
1 1 1 1 1
   
R 2 4 6 8
•
12  6  4  3 25  (Magnet amd Magnetsim):-
 
24 24 •

24
R 
25
•
• Volt

•
•
(i)
(ii)
 (Electric Fuse)
•

•
•
•

•
(i)
 (Electric Power)
(ii)
•
•


•
•
1 = 103 (w) •
1 = 106 (w) •
1 (HP) = 74 (w)
• 0.05 HP 0.1 HP •
•

26
• (iii)
•
(i) (Paramagnetic)
(ii) (Diamagnetic) eg.
(iii) (Ferromagnetic) •
(i)
1 = 1018 – 1021
•
eg. O2,H2 ,Na,Cu,Pt,Al2, Cr,
•
(ii)
•

eg.

Important Facts

27