H.C.E.and L.C.M.

ofNumbers

COMMON FACTOR
Cxample, 6 is the highest common factor of 12, 18 and 24.
Aconimon Jactor of two or more numbers is a number Highest Common Factor is also called Greatest Common
exactly. Divisor or Greatest Common Measure.
which divides each of them
Eor example, 4 1s a Common factor of 8 and 12 Symbolically, these can be written as H.C.F. or G.C.D.
or G.C.M., respectively.
HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR
Hiphest common facior of two or more numbers is the
oreatest number that divides each one of them exactly. For

METHODS OF FINDING HCR

1Method of Prime Factors .:. H.C.E =2x2x7x7=196.

Step 1 Express each one of the given numbers as the lllustration 3 Find the H.C.F. of 360 and 132.
product of prime factors. Solution: 360 =2x3? x5
[A number is said to be a prime nunmber if 132 =2x3'x11
it is exactly divisible by 1 and itself, but not
by any other number, e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, etc. are .:. H.C.E=2x3' = 12.
prime numbers]
Step 2 Choose common factors. >lllustration 4 Ifx= 2° x 3°x s° and y=2 x3'xsl
Step 3 Find the product of these common factors. find H.C.E. of x and y.
Solution: The factors common to both x and y are 2, 3
This is the required H.C.E.of given numbers. and 5.
.:. H.C.E=2° x3 x5°
lustration 1 Find the H.C.E. of 70 and 90.
Solution: 70 =2x 5x7
90 =2 × 5 x9
2 Method of Division
Common factors are 2 and 5. A. For two numbers:

.:. H.C.F.= 2×5=10. Step 1 Greater number is divided by the smaller

One.
lustration 2 Find the H.C.E. of 3332,3724 and 4503. Step 2 Divisor of(1) is divided by its remainder.
Solution: 3332 =2x2x7x7×17 Step 3 Divisor of (2) is divided by its remainde.
3724 =2 x2×7x7×19 This is continued until no remainder is left.
4508 =2x2x7x7x23 H.C.E. is the divisor of last step.
 1.18 PART I Arithmetic

llustration 5 Find the H.CE of 3556 and 3444. Now, in the next step, we will find the H.C.F. of
2553. 23 and
3444)3556] 1
3444 23) 2553 (111
23
112)3444( 30 25
3360 23
23
84) 112 1
23
84 X
28) 843
84
Thus, H.C.E of 13915, 9499 and 2553 = 23.
X
|llustration 7 Find the greatest possible length whick
can be used to measure exactly the lengths 7 m, 3 m 85o
.. H.C.E. =28, 12 m 95 cm.

B. For more than two numbers: Solution: Required length

Step 1 Any two numbers are chosen and their H.C.F. = (H.C.F. of 700, 385, 1295) cm =35 cm.
is obtained.
Step 2 H.C.F. of H.C.F. (of (1) and any other num COMMON MULTIPLE
ber is obtained.
Step 3 H.C.F. of H.C.F. (of (2) and any other num A common multiple of two or more numbers is a number
ber (not chosen earlier) is obtained. which is exactly divisible by each one of them.
This process is continued until all numbers For example, 32 is a common multiple of 8 and 16.
have been chosen. H.C.F. of last step is the 8x4= 32
required H.C.F.
16 x2 =32.

llustration 6 Find the H.C.F. of 13915, 9499 and 2553 LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE
by division method.
The least common multiple of two or more given numbers
Solutiorn: is the least or lowest number which is exactly divisible by
cach of them.
999 )13915 (1
999 For example, consider the two numbers 12 and 18.
46 9499 (2
8832 Multiples of 12 are 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, ...
46
902
Multiples of 18 are 18, 36, 54, 72, ...
44 6(1
44
Common multiples are 36, 72, ...
253 )44 .:. Least common multiple, i.e., L.C.M. of 12 and I8
253 is 36
)253 (1
92 16
92
(
)92(1
23
 1.19
Chapter 2 H.C.F. and L.C.M,of Numbers

METHODS OF FINDING LC.M.

a
Factors and the undivided numbers are written in
AMethodofPrime line below the first.
StepI Resolve cach givcn number into prime Step 3 Step 2 is repcated until a line of
numbers
factors. (prime to each other) appears.
out all factors with highest powers that Step 4 Find theproduct ofall divisors and
numbers
Step 2 Take given numbers. required L.C.M.
o0cur in inthe last line,which is the
product of these factors. This prod-
Step 3 Findthebe the L.C.M.
uctwill
llustration 9 Find the L.C.M. of 12, 15, 20 and 54.
32, 48, 60 and 320
llustration 8 Find the L.C.M. of Solution:
212, 15, 20, 54
32=2'x1
Solution: 2 6, 15, 10, 27
48 - 2x3
3 3, 15, 5, 27
60 =2x3x5 5 1. 5. 5, 9
320 = 2°x6
1, 1, 1, 9
xS = 960.
.:. L.C.M. =2°x3 L.C.M. =2x2x3x5x1 xlxlx9
2 Method of Division =540.
written in a line sepa
Step 1 The given numbers are
rated by common. Notes
Step 2 Divide by any one of the prime numbers 2, 3, Before finding the L.C.M. or H.C.E, we must ensure that
5.7. 11.... which willdivide at least any two all quantities ar expressed in the same unit.
of the given numbers exactly. The quotients

SHORTCUT METHODS SOME USEFUL SHORTCUT METHODS

H.C.E. and L.C.M. of Decimals Now, ignoring the decimal we find the L.C.M. of 120, 24
and 600.
Step 1 Make the same number of decimal places in
all the given numbers by suffixing zero(s) if 2 120, 24, 600
necessary. 2 60, 12, 300
Step 2 Find the H.C.ELC.M. of these numbers 2 30, 6, 150
without decimal.
3 15, 3. 75
Step 3 Put the decimal point (in the H.C.E/L.C.M.
of Step 2) leaving as many digits on its right 5. 1. 25
as there are in each of the numbers.

llustration 10 Find the L.C.M. of 1.2, 0.24 and 6. .:. L.C.M, =2 x 2 x 2x3x5xIx 5 = 600
SOlution: The given numbers can be written as Thus, the required L.C.M. = 6.00, i.e., 6.
1.20, 0.24 and 6.00.
 1.20 PART I Arithmetic

lilustration
11 Find the HCE. of 6.16 and 13.
3 Product of two numbers
Solution: The given numbers can be written as 6.16
13.00. and = L.C.M. of the numbers <H.C.E.
x of the
Now, ignoring the decimals we find the H.C.E of
and 1300. 616 llustration 14 The H.C.E. and the L.C.M.
numbers
numbers arc 63 and 1260, respectively. If of any two
616) 1300 (2 numbers is 315, find the other number. one of
he
1232 two
Solution: Therequired number
616 (9
612
L.C.M.x H.C.F. 1260x63
6869 (17 First Number 315 = 252.

To find the greatest

.. H.CF. of 616 and divide x, y and z.
number that will exactly
1300 is 4.
Thus, the required H.C.F. = 0.04. Required number = H.C.F. ofx, y and z.
LCM. and H.C.E. of
Fractions |llustration 15 Find the
exactly divide 200 and 320. greatest number that wil
L.C.M = L.C.M. of the numbers in
H.C.F. of the numbers in numerators Solution: The required greatest number
denominators
H.C.F. = H.C.F. of the numbers in = H.C.E of 200 and 320 = 40.
LC.M. of the numbers in numerators
denominators To find the greatest number that will divide x, y
and z leaving
lllustration 12 Find the LC.M. of 6
remainders a, b and
Required number = H.C.E. of (x - c,a),respectively.
and
(2- c). (y- b) and
Solution: L.C.M. of numerators 2.3 and6S is106. 25

H.CE. of denominators 5. 10 and 25 is 5.

|llustration 16 Find the
greatest number that will
divide 148, 246 and 623 1leaving
.. Required L.C.M. = L.C.M. of Numerators remainders 4, 6 and 11,
HC.F. of Denominators
6
respectively.
5
Solution: The required greatest number
-llustration 13 Find the H.C.F. of 4 10 and 20
9 21 = H.C.F. of (148 - 4),
63 (246 - 6) and (623 - 11),
Solution: H.C.. of numerators 4, 10 and 20 is 2. i.e., H.C.E. of 144, 240 and 612 =
L.C.M. of denominators 9, 12.
21 and 63 is 63.
To find the least
.. Required H.CF= H.C.F. of Numerators number which is exactly divis
2 ible by x, y and z.
L.C.M. of Denominators 63 Required number= L.C.M. ofx, yand z.
Notes
llustration 17 What is the
1. If the given set of
numbers includes fractions as exactly divisible by 36, 45, 63 andsmallest
80? number which is
well as whole numbers, treat whole number too as
fraction with 1in its denominator. Solution: The required smallest number
2. The H.C.E. ofa = L.C.M. of 36, 45, 63 and 80
number of
tion, but the L.C.M. may befractions
is always a frac
a fraction or an integer. = 5040.
 Chapter 2 H.C.F. and L.C.M, of Numbers 1.21

lustration 21 Find the grcatest number which on

number
which when divided by
Toi find the least dividing 152,277 and 427 leaves equal remainder.
andz,leaves the remainders a, band c, respcc-
,y
observed that (r - a)=(-b)=
tively. It is always Solution: The rcquircd grcatest number
(2-c)=k (say) =H.C.E of(r- )l, I(y - z)| and (z - x)
. Required number =(L.C.M. ofx,
yand z)-k = H.C.F. of |(152 -277), |(277 -427)|
and |(427-152)|
which
llustration 18 Find the least number when = H.C.E. of 125, 150 and 275
48 and 64 leaves the remainders 25, 37 and
divided by 36.
S3, respectively. = 25.

Solution: Since, (36 - 25) =(48-37) = (64 S3) = |1. 10 To find the n-digit greatest number which, when
number
therefore, the required smallest divided by x, y and z,
=(L.C.M. of 36,48 and 64) - 1| (a) leaves no remainder (i.e., exactly divisible)
=$76 - 1l= 565. Step 1 L.C.M. ofx, yand z =L
by
Tofind the least number which when divided L]n-digit greatest number (
remainder r in each Step 2
x, v andz leaves the same Remainder = R
case.
Step 3 Required number
Required number = (L.C.M. of x, y and z) +r. =n-digit greatest number - R
(b) leaves remainder K in each case
-lustration 19 Find the least number which when Required number
divided by12, 16 and 18, willleave in each case a remain = (n-digit greatest number - R) + K.
der 5.

Solution: The required smallest number lllustration 22 Find the greatest number of 4-digit
=(L.C.M. of 12, 16 and 18) +5 number which, when divided by 12, 18, 21 and 28 leaves 3
as a remainder in each case.
= 144 +5=149.
Solution: L.C.M. of 12, 18,21 and 28 = 252.
9 To find the greatest number that will divide x, y
and z leaving the same remainder in each case. 252)9999 (39
9828
(a) When the value of remainder r is given: 171
Required number = H.C.E. of( -), (y- )
and (z -r). .:. The required number =(9999 - 171) +3 =9931.
(b) When the value of remainder is not given:
Required number = H.C.E of ( - y)l, llustration 23 Find the greatest number of four dig
its which, when divided by 12, 15, 20 and 35 leaves no
l(y-2)) and (2 - x)| remainder.
lustration 20 Find the greatest number which will Solution: L.C.M. of 12, 15, 20 and 35 = 420.
divide 772 and 2778 so as to leave the remainder 5 in each
case. 420) 9999( 23
Solution: The required greatest number 9660
339
= H.C.F. of (772 -5) and (2778 - 5)
=H.C.E. of 767 and 2773 Therequired number = 9999 339
=9663.
= 59.
1.22 PARTIArithmetic

To find the n-digit smallest numbecr which when

divided by x, yand z
120j100(8
960
(a) leaves no remainder (ie., cxactly divisible) 40
Step 1L.CM. ofa, vand z=L
Ln-digit smallest number( :. The required number =1000+(120 - 40)
Step 2
Remainder = R =1080.
Step 3 Requirednumber
=7-digit smallest number +(L- R). |llustration 25 Find the smallest 4-digit
number, suo.
(b) lcaves remainder K in cach case.
that when divided by 12, 18,21 and 28, it leaves remaind
3in cach case.
Required number
= n-digit smallest nunmber + (L- R) + K. Solution: L.C.M. of 12, 18, 21 and 28 = 252.

|llustration 24 Find the lcast number of four

digits 252)1000 (3
which is divisible by 4. 6, 8 and 10. 756
Solution: LC.M. of 4, 6, 8 and 10 = 120. 244
:. The required number = 1000+ (252-
244) + 3 = 1011.

EXERCISES
1. What is the H.C.F. of 27, 18 and 36?
(a) 7 6. Find the least number which
when
20 and 25 leaves 4 as remainder in divided
(b) 11 by 16, 18,
(c) 9 (d) None of these each case but when
divided by 7 leaves no remainder.
2 Determine the L.C.Mof 6 (a) 8004 (b) 13004
and
5' 10 25 (c) 18004 (d) 18014
7. Area of three fields is 165 m.
(a 11 195 m and 85 m'
(b) respectively. In each of the fields a flower bed of equal
5
length has to be made. If flower bed in
9
fields is 3 m wide then what the each of the
(c) (d) None of these of the flower bed in each of maximum
the fields?
length
3. What is the L.C.M. of (a) 7 m (b) 9 m
25.30, 35 and 40? (c) 5 m
(a) 3800 (b) 4200 (d) None of these
(c) 4400 (d) None of these 8. Find the
greatest number which will divide 2112 and
4. What is the greatest 2792 leaving the remainder 4 in
number which divides 852, 1065 (a) 78
each case.
and 1491 exactly? (b) 68
(a) 193 (c) 65 (d) 63
(b) 183
(c) 223 (d) 213 9 The H.C.E of two numbers is 12
is 12. and their diference
The numbers are:
5. What is the HC.E. of 4 10 20 (a) 66, 78
and ? (b) 70, 82
9 21 30 (c) 94, 106 (d) 84, 96
4 10. A merchant has 435
(a) (b)
6 litres, 493 litres and 551 litres of
three different kinds of milk.
189
23 Find the least
2
of casks of equal size
required to store all thenumber
milk
(c)
63 (d) None of these without mixing.
(a) 51 (b) 61
(c) 47 (d) 45
 Chapter 2 H.C.E. and L.C.M, of Numbers 1.23

greatest numberrwhich will divide 25, 73 and 20. Find the greatcst nutiber which will divide 3962,
1. Findthe leavethe same remainder in cach casc. 4085 and 4167 lcaving the same remainder in each
to
97 so as (b) 18 casc,
(a) 12 (b) 39
(d) 32 (a) 37
(c) 24 (d) 43
(c) 41
two numbers is 216 and|their H.C.E is 27.
Thesum of
12. The numbers are: 21. Awholesale tea dealer has 408 kilograms, 468 kilo
(a) $4, 162 (b) 108, 118 grams and 516 kilograms of three different qualities
(c) 27, 1I89 (d) None of these of tea. He wants it all to be packed into boxes of equal
in one hour if size without mixing. Find the capacity of the largest
: How often willfive bells toll together possible box.
of5, 6, 8, 12.
they start together and tollat intervals (a) 50 (b) 36
20 seconds, respectively? (c) 24 (d) 12
(a) 29 (b) 30
(d) 120 22. Aroom is 4 m 37 cm long and 3 m 23 cm broad. It is
(c) 31
required to pave the floor with minimum square slabs.
will divide 964
Find the greatest number that Find the number of slabs required for this purpose.
14. 41, 31 and S1.
1238 and 1400 leaving remainders (a) 485 (b) 431
respectively. (c) 391 (d) 381
(b) 81
(a) 71
(d) 73 23. The least perfect square number which is divisible by
(c) 61 3,4, 5, 6 and 8:
15. Findthe side of the
largest square slabs which can be (a) 900 (b) 1200
3m
paved on the floor of a room 5 m 44 cm long and (c) 2500 (d) 3600
74 cm broad.
(b) 42 24. Find the least number of five digits which when
(a) 56
(d) 34 divided by 12, 16, 21, 36 and 40 leaves remainder 8 in
(c) 38 each case.
16 The traffic lights at three different road crossings (a) 10088 (b) 10072
change after every 48 seconds, 72 seconds and 108 (c) 10080 (d) None of these
seconds, respectively. If they all change simultane Three pieces of timber 42 m, 49 m and 63 m long
ously at 8:20:00 hours; then they will again change 25.
have to be divided into planks of the same length.
simultaneously at:
(a) 8:27:12 hours What is the greatest possible length of each plank?
(a) 7 m (b) 14 nm
(b) 8:27:24 hours
(c) 42 m (d) 63 m
(c) 8:27:36 hours
(d) 8:27:48 hours 26. Three men start together to travel the same way around
17. The product oftwo numbers is 6760 and their H.C.F. a circular track of 11 kilometres in circumference.
1s 13. How many such pairs can be formed? Their speeds are 4, 5 and 8 km/h, respectively.
(a) 2 (b) 3 2
(c) 4 When will they meet at the starting point?
(d) only one (b) 12 hours
(a) 11 hours
16. Find the greatest number of four digits which when (c) 23 hours (d) 22 hours
divided by 10, 15, 21l and 28 leaves 4,9, 15 and 22 as of
remainders, respectively. 27. Five bells begin totoll together and tollat intervals
interval of
(a) 9654 (b) 9666 36, 45, 72,81 and 108 seconds. After what
(c) 9664 (d) 9864 time will they keep on tolling together?
(a) 3240 seconds (b) 3080seconds
19. The number of prime factors in the expression(6)x (d) 3200seconds
(c) 3140 seconds
(7)" x(11 is: different quantities
(a) 54 (b) 64 28. Three diferent containers contain
whose measurements
(c) 71 (d) 81 of mixture of milk and water.
 1.24 PART I Arithmetic

are 403 Kg. 434 Kg and 465 Kg. What biggest mca (a) 210 (b) 119
sure must be there to measure allthe different quanti (c) 126 (d) 154
ties cxactly? 38. Find the greatest number of five digits which
(a) 1kg (b) 7 kg divided by 4, 6, 10and 15 leaves the same when
(c) 31 kg (d) 41 kg
29. The L.C.M. and G.C.D. of two numbers are 1530
3 in each case.
(a) 99993 (b) 99063
remainder
and S1, respectively. Find how many such pairs are (c) 90093 (d) 99963
possible?
(a) 2 (b) 3 39. Find the least number which is a multiple of 31 as3
(c) 4 when divided by 15, 24 and 32 leaves the
(d) Only one
30. Find the lcast number of five digits which 2, 11and 19, respectively. remainders
when (a) 2418 (b) 2387
divided by 63. S6 and 42 leaves remainder 1 in each
Case.
(c) 2356 (d) 2325
(a) 10082 (b) 10081 40. Find the two largest numbers of four digits having S31
(c) 10001 (d) 10071 as their H.C.F
31. The H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two (a) 9231,9762 (b) 9027,9558
numbers are 44 and (c) 9037,9568
264, respcctively. 1f the first number is divided by 2, (d) 9127, 9658
the quotient is 44. The other number is:
(a) 33 41. Find the greatest number of five digits which becomes
(b) 66 exactly divisible by 10, 12, 15 and 18 when 3769 is
(c) 132 (d) 264 added to it.
32. The largest
natural number which exactly divides the (a) 99811 (b) 99911
product of any four consecutive natural numbers, is: (c) 98911 (d) 99011
(a) 6 (b) 12
(c) 24 42. Find the least number
which when
divisible by 14, 15, 21, 32 and 60. decreased by 1l is
(d) 120
33. Find the least number of six digits which is (a) 4371
divisible by 15.21l and 28: exactly (b) 3271
(c) 3371
(a) 100480 (b) 100270 (d) 3360
(c) 100380 43. Find the least
(d) 100340 number of five digits which when
34. Find the greatest number of five digits which when divided by 8, 12, 16 and 20 leaves
divided by 12, 15, 21, 25 and 28 leaves 5, 8, 14, 18
and 13, respectively. remainders 1, 5,9
(a) 10003
and 21 as remainders, respectively. (c) 10073 (b) 10093
(a) 98696 (b) 98700 (d) 10013
(c) 97693 (d) 98693 44. The H.C.E. of two
693. If one of the numbers is 11 and their L.C.M. is
35. What is the smallest number which when
by 3is divisible by 16, 24, 30 and 32?
increased (a) 909 numbers is 77, find the other.
(c) 66 (b) 119
(a) 480 (b) 475 (d) 99
(c) 472 (d) 477
45. Find the greatest
36. The least number of square tiles required to cover the exactly divisible by number of four digits
24, 28, 30 and 35. which is
(a) 9225
ceiling of a room 15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm (c) 9250 (b) 9240
broad, is: (d) 9260
(a) 656 (b) 738 46. Find the
(c) 814 (d) 902
greatest
number
be added to 5231 so that four
of
digits which must
the
exactly divisible by 12, 15, 27, final
37. Find the least number which when divided by 2, 3, 4, (a) 7929 32 andnumber
40 becomes
5 and 6 leaves 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as remainders, respec (b) 7829
(c) 9729 (d) 7729
tively, but when divided by 7 leaves no remainder.
 Chapter 2 H.C.F. and L.C.M. of Numbers 1.25

of stones can be made up into groups of 21.

(a) 99996 (b) 99723
47. Ahcap groups of 16, 20, 25 and 45, 1here (c) 99983 (d) None of these
When made up into
left in cach case. How 1many stones at What is the least number of cut pieces of equal length
are 3 stones the hean)
49.
in
Jeast can there be (b) 2403
that can be cut out of two lengths 10 m 857 mm and
(a) 7203 15m 87 mm?
(d) 4803
(c) 3603 (a) 174 (b) 172
number of five digits which when (c) 164 (d) 184
4S. Find the greatest remainder in each
diided by 8, 9 and 10 lcaves 3 as
case.

ANSWER KEYS

4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a)

2. (a) 3. (b)
1. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (c)
12.(c) 13. (c)
11.(c) 24. (a) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29.(c) 30. (b)
22. (c) 23. (d)
21.(d) 34. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (b)
32. (c) 33. (c) 35. (d)
31.(c) 44. (d) 45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49.(d)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (c)

ANATORY ANSWWERS

4. (d) H.C.E. of 852and 1065 is 213.

1. (c) H.C.E. of 27, 18 and 36 H.C.E. of 213 and 1491 is 213.
18) 2718 (1 4 10 and 20
5. (c) H.C.E. of
9)18 (2 9'21 63

18 H.C.F. of 4,10 and 20

X
L.C.M. of 9,21 and 63
.. H.CE. of 27 and 18 is 9 :." H.C.E. of 4, 10 and 20 = 2
Now. H.CE of 9 and 36 and L.C.M. of 9, 21 and 63=63
2
9) 3636 (4 .:. Required H.C.F. =
63

6. (c) L.C.M. of 16, 18, 20 and 25 is 3600.

:. H.C.F. of 9 and 36 is 9 Required number =3600 x K+4
=(7xS14 + 2) K+4
Therefore, the required H.C.F of 27, 18 and 36 is 9.
=(7x514) K+2K+4
2. (a) L.C.M. of and
6 Now (2K + 4) is divisible by 7 for K= 5.
5 10 25 . Required number = 5 x 3600 + 4
=18004.
L.C.M. of 2, 3 and 6
H.C.F. of 5, 10 and 25 7 (c) H.C.E of 165, 195 and 85 will be maximum area of each
: L.C.M. of 2, 3 and 6 =6 of the flower beds.
and, H.C.E. of 5, 10 and 25 =5 H.C.E of 165 and 195:

:. Required L.C.M. = 6 165)195 (1

165

3. (b) 2| 25, 30., 30 165 (2

35, 40 150
5| 25, 15, 35, 20 15) 35 (2
30
5, 3, 7, 4 X

*. Kequired L.C.M, =2x5x5 x3×7x4 =4200.

1.26 PARTI Arithmetic

:. HCI. of l65 and

195 is
Alsn, nom, HCE o 15 and 15.
8S is S.
I8. (a) First, find the grcatest number of four
digits that?is dv
ible by the L.C.M. of l0, 1s, 21 and 28 and
(b) Subtra 4 fhom cnch ofthe then
then takc the HCE ie.
() Thediferencc
numbers 21 12 and 2792
HCF of 2108 and 2788,
and
from it to get the rcquircd numbcr.
19, (b) Since 2, 3, 7, 11 arc prime numbers
and
sulbtract
ofroquisite numbers cxpression is 20 x3° x7"x |1", the he
factors in the given cxpression is (10 +10 + of gve
must be
ne must he divisible bv 12. 12 and
So,the numbers are 84,96.
cach
17+ prino number
(a) Sincc minimum
ot the cask is numbcr of casks are required, the size 20. (c) 4085- 3962 = 123
greatest. Also the cask in threc
cqual sizc.The sizc ofthe cask is the cascs are of
4167 - 4085 = 82
-21)=6A
551 which is 29 H.C.F of 435,493 and 4167-3962 =205
H.C.E. of 123, 82 and 205 is 41.
Now, the
(493 435numbcr
of casks
551) +29 = $1.roquired for storing the milk = 21. (d) The capacity of the box is H.C.E of 408,
(c) 73 - 25 = 46 i.c., 12. 468 and 516
97- 73 =24 22. (c) Length = 437 cm
97 - 25 = 72 Breadth = 323 cm.
HCE of 48, 24 and 72 is 24. The side of the square slab is the H.C.E.
of 437
(c) Let thc i.e., 19 cm. and 323
numbers be 27a
and 27b .:. Area of square slab = 19 cm x 19 cm
=361 cm?
Then. 27a + 27b=2l6 or, 27(a + b) = 216
Ot. a +b= 216 The number of slabs = Area of the roon
27
-8 Area of the slab
:. Values of 437x323 cm
So, the numbers co-primes (with sum 8) are (1,7) and (3, 5) 361 cm
are (27 x1,27 x 7),
i.c.. (27. 189). -391.
13. (c) The time after which the 23. (d) 2|3, 4, 5, 6, 8
bells will ring together is the
L.C.M. of 5, 6, 8, 12 and 20 seconds, 2|3, 2, S, 3, 4
number of times they will toll togetheri.e.,in 120 seconds. The 3|3, 1, 5, 3, 2
=(3600+ 120) + 1 one hour
=30 + 1 =31. 1, 1, 5, 1, 2
(a) 964 - 4] =923 L.C.M. of3, 4, 5,6, 8= 120
Required number =
1238-31 = 1207
1400 - 51] = 1349
2x2x2x2x3x3x5 x5
=3600.

HCE. of 923 and 1207 is 71. 24. (a) Required number =the
least
the L.C.M. of 12, 16, number of 5 digits divisible
HCF. of 71 and 1349 is 71. 21,36, 40 + the remainder
8.
15. (d) The side of the square 25. (a) Greatest possible length of
slab is the H.C.E. of 544 and = (H.C.E. of 42,49, 63) m each plank
374 cm., i.e., 34. =7m.
26. (d) Time for one
l6. (a) Interval of change = revolution by each of three men
(L.C.M. of 48, 72, 108) seconds
= 432 11 11 11
So, the lights will change hours
4
7 minutes and 12
after every 432 seconds, i.e.,
seconds.
So, the next
hours.
simultaneous change willtake place at 8:27:12 11 2 11 hours
418
17. (a) Let the numbers be 13x and 13y. :. The time when they will meet at the
starting point
13x x 13y= 6760 11 211
.. xXy= 6760 +(13 13) =40 =L.C.M. of 8
which is , ie, 22 hours.
Possible values of (x, y) are 27. (a) Theinterval of time is L.C.M. of the numbers 36, 45 72
(1, 40); (2, 20); (4, 10); (5, 8)
81 and 108.
Only two acceptable values are (1,40) and (5, 8).
 Chapter 2 H.C.F. and L.C.M, of Numbers 1.27

81, 108 35. (d) Requirednumber

2 36, 45, 72. = (L.C.M. of 16, 24,30 and 32) - 3
18, 45, 36. 81.
=480-3=477.
9,45, 18, 81, 27
36. (c) Side of cach tile = (H.CE of 1517 and 902) cm = 41cm
9. 45. 81, 27

3 15. 3. 27. 1517x902

.:. Number of tilcs = =814.
3 1. $. 9, 41x41
1. 5. 1. 3, 37. (b) L.C.M.of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is 60.
One of the numbcrs satisfying the first condition is
108) = 3240.
LCM.(36, 45. 72, 60 - 1=59
H.C.F of (403, 434, 465) 60 + 59=119, etc.
8 (c)Biggest mcasure = But 119 is also divisible by 7.
-31 Kg.

the numbers be $lx and 5ly

where x and V are 38. (d) L.C.M. of 4, 6, 10, 15 =60
29. (c) Let Greatest number of five digits which is divisible by 60 =
co-primc. 99960.
1530
Now, 5l1 x$1v= $1x .:. Required number =99960 +3=99963.
..IXT= 30
and (5, 6).
Possible pairs are (1, 30); (2, 15); (3, 10) 39. (b) L.C.M. of 15, 24, 32 is 480
is 504. Required number = 480K- 13
(b)L.C.M. of 63, 56 and 42 = 15 x31K+ (15K - 13)
504:
Least number of 5 digits divisible by (15K- 13) is divisible by 31 for K=5
s04 )10000 (19 .. Least number = 480x 5- 13 = 2387.
504
4960 40. (b) The greatest number of four digits divisible by 531 is
-4536 9558, so the other number is 9558 - 531 =9027. Thus, the
424 numbers are 9558 and 9027.

= 1000 + (504 -424) = 10080 41. (b) L.C.M. of 10, 12, 15 and 18 = 540. Dividing (99999 +
.:. Required number =10080 + l=10081. 3769)by 540, the remainder is 88.
.. Required number =99999 - 88=99911.
31. (c) First number =2 x 44 = 88
44x 264 42. (c) Required number
Second number = =132. = (L.C.M. of 14, 15, 21, 32, 60) + 11
88
=3360 + 11=3371.
32. (c) 1x2x3 x4= 24 (c) Least number of five digits divisible by L.C.M. of 8, 12,
43.
:. Required number = 24.
16, 20 is 10080.
33. (c) L.C.M. of 15, 21and 28 is 420. .:. Required number =10080 - 7= 10073.
Least number of 6 digits = 100000
L.C.M. x H.C.E.
420) 100000
-840
(238 44. (d) Required number =
Given number
1600 693x11
-1260 99.
3400
-3360 (b)L.C.M. of 24, 28, 30 and 35
40
45.

Remainder = 40. 2 24, 28, 30, 35

:. Least number = 100000 + (420 - 40) 2 12, 14, 15, 35
= 100380. 6. 7, 15, 35
3
34
(a) Find the greatest number of five digits which is divisible 5 2. 7. 5, 35
0y the L.C.M. of 12, 15, 21, 25 and 28 and then subtract 7 2 7. 7
Irom it to get the requircd number. 1
2, 1, 1.
Required number =98700 -7=98693.
1.28 PART I Arithmetic

=22 3x5x7= 840 = 3603 which is not divisible by 21.

Grcatest number of four digits = 9999 2nd number =3600 × 2 +3
Quotient when 999 is dividcd by 840 is 1land remainder = 7203 which is divisible by 21.
IN 759
Grcatest number of four digits in this case=9999 48. (b) L.C.M. of 8, 9, 10 =360
-59 = 9240.
(d) LCM. of 12, 15.27. 32, 40 =
36
99999
720
(277
4320. Lct us add S231 to
the grcatest numbct of four digits and then 2799
10 find the divide by 4320
remainder. 2520
2799
4320)15230 (3 2520
12960 279
2270
Greatest number of five digits which is
Required greatest number of four digits =99999-279 =99720 divisible by 360
=9999 -2270= 7729. .:. Required
49,
number =99729 +3=99723.
(a) 1.C.M. of 16, 20, 25, 45 = (d) H.C.E. of
The least 10857of and 15087 is 141.
Ist
3600
number = 3600 x 1+ 3
number cut
=(10857+ 15087)÷ 141=pieces
184.