1

Numbers

INTRODäCTION NUMBER SYSTEM

In Hindu ArabicSystem, we use ten symbols 0, 1,2,3,4, 5, Natural Numbers
6, 7, 8,9 called digits to represent any number. This is the
decimal systemwhere we use the numbers 0 to 9.0 is called Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... are known as natural
insignificant digit whereas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9 are called numbers.
significant igits. The set of all natural numbers can be represented by
A group of figures, denoting a number is called a N={1,2,3, 4, 5, ..}
numeral. For a given numeral, we start from extreme right
as Unit's place, Ten's place, Hundred's place and so on. Whole Numbers

If we include 0 among the natural numbers, then the num

|llustration 1 we represent the number 309872546 as bers 0, 1, 2,3, 4, 5, ...are called whole numbers.
shown below:
The set of whole numbers can be represented by
10
(million) W={0,1, 2, 3, 4,5,..}
10*
Thousand
Ten
Clearly,every natural number is a whole number but 0 is a
l0°
Crore
oTen 10
NThousand
10
Hundred
u whole number which is not a natural number.
10 Lakhs10*
oCrores Lakhs 100
aUnits
10'
Integers
oTen Ten's
All counting numbers and their negatives including zero are
known as integers.
A
The set of integers can be represented by
3 7 4
Zor I =f... -4, -3,-2, -1,0, 1, 2, 3, 4,..}
We read it as
Thirty crores, ninety-eight lakhs, seventy-two Positive lntegers
thousands five hundred and forty-six." The set /={1,2, 3, 4, ....} is the set of all positive inte
In this numeral: gers. Clearly, positive integers and natural numbers are
The place value of 6is 6 x I=6 synonyms.
The place value of 4is 4 × 10 = 40
The place value of 5is 5 x 100= 500 Negative lntegers
The place value of 2is 2 × 1000 = 2000 and so on. The set / =(-l,-2, -3, ..} is the set of all negative inte
gers. 0 is neither positive nor negative.
The face value of a digit in a number is the value itself
wherever it may be. The Non-negative Integers
Thus, the face value of 7 in the above numeral is 7.
face value of 6 in the above numeral is 6 and so on.
The set {0, 1, 2, 3, ... is the set of all non-negative integers.
1.4 PARTIArithmetic

Rational Numbers The set of all real numbers is denoted by R.

Ihe numbers of the fornn , where p and q arc inte Note that the sum, difference or product of a rational
and irrational number is irrational, e.g.,
yers and q # 0, are knowm as rational numbers, e.g.,
4 3 5 0 2
.etc. 3+V2,45,-5,4V3,-V5
The set of allrational umbers is are all irrational.
denoted by .
That is. Q= Even Numbers
{:x=;p.gel,q+0} Allthose numbers which are exactly divisible by 2 are
Since every natural number 'a' can be
written as
a
even numbers, e.g., 2, 6, 8, I0, etc., are even numbers.called
every natural number is a rational
number. Since 0 can be Odd Numbers
wTitten as and every non-zero
1 integer 'a' can be written Allthose numbers which are not exactly
as 1 every integer is a rational divisible by 2 are
number. called odd numbers,e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, etc., are odd numbers.
EVery rational number has a peculiar characteristic Prime Numbers
that when expressed in decimal
form is expressible either A natural
in terminating decimals or in number other than 1, is a prime number if it is
decimals. non-terminating repeating divisible by 1and itself only.
1
For example, each of the numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, etc., are
For example, 22
prime numbers.
=0.2,;=0.333..,=3.1428714287,
3

44 =0.181818..., etc. Composite Numbers

The recurring decimals have been given a short nota Natural numbers greater than 1which
known as composite numbers. are not prime, are
tion as
For example, each of the
0.333...=0.3
composite numbers. numbers 4, 6, 8,9, 12, etc., are
4.1555..= 4.05
0.323232...=0.32 Notes
Irrational Numbers 1. The
number 1 is
Those numbers which when expressed in decimal form are posite number. neither a prime number nor a com
2. 2 is the
neither terminating nor repeating decimals are known as 3. Prime
only even number
numbers up to which is prime.
irrational numbers, e.g. V2, V3,Vs, 1,etc. 19, 100 are: 2, 3,
41, 43, 47, 53,59,5, 7, 11, 13, 17,
Note that the exact value of is not
22 22
7 7
is rational 79,823,3,829,9,937,1,37,
100.
A TWo
i.e., 25 prime 61, 67, 71, 73,
numbers between 1 and
22
while is irrational number.
7
1S approximate value of . numbers
factor are calledwhich have only l as the
Similarly, 3.14 is not an exact value of it. each other, e.g., 3 5 or c0-primes
and are relatively prime commonto
Real Numbers Note that the numbers co-primes.
necessarily be which are
The rational and irrational numbers combined together to
13 2 3
21' 5' 7' N3, 4+N2, etc, are
prime, althoughprime
l6 is not a s, e.g.,rel16ativandely 17primaree need not
numberprime
form real numbers, e.g.,
number. relatively
real numbers.
 Chapter 1 Numbers 1.5

SHORTCUT METHODS ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

The above method is best illustrated with the hcln of fol To obtain 3 at hundred's place, add 7 to make 33.
lowing cxample: In the answer, write 7 at hundred's place and carry
Over 3.
Ilstration 2 $4321 - (9876 + 8967 + 7689) =?
Step 4 Add 4th column:
Step 1 Add Ist column:
S 432 1
3 +9+ 8 +7= 27
6+7+9= 22 9876|
To obtain 4 at thousand's place, add 7 to make 34.
8967
Toobtain 1at unit's place add 9 In the answer, write 7 at thousand's place and carry
to make 31. In the answer, write 7689| over 3.
9 at unit's place and carry over 3. 27789 Step 5 5th column:
To obtain 5 at ten-thousand's place add 2 to it to
Step 2 Add 2nd column:
make 5. In the answer, write 2at the ten-thousand's
3+7+6 + 8 =24
place.
Toobtain 2 at ten's place, add 8 to make 32. In the .:. 54321 -(9876 + 8967 + 7689)
answer. write 8 at ten's place and carry over 3.
Step 3 Add 3rd column: = 27789.

3+8+9 +6=26

SHORFCUT METHODS MULTIPLICATION

Solution:
l Multiplication of agiven number by 9, 99,999, etc.,
that is by 10" - 1. (a) 4782 x 11 =47820 + 4782 = 52602
Method: Put as many zeros to the right of the mul (b) 9836x 101 =983600 + 9836= 993436
tiplicant as there are nines in the multiplier and from (c) 6538 x 1001= 6538000 + 6538= 6544538
the result subtract the multiplicant and get the answer.
Multiplication of agiven number by 15, 25,35, etc.
lllustration 3 Multiply: Method: Double the multiplier and then multiply the
multiplicant by this new number and finally divide
(a) 3893 by 99 (b) 4327 by 999 the product by 2.
(c) 5863 by 9999
Solution: llustrations 5 Multiply:
(a) 3893 x 99 = 389300 3893 = 385407 (a) 7054x 15 (b) 3897x 25
(b) 4327x999 = 4327000 4327 = 4322673 (c) 4563x35
(c) 5863 >x 9999 = 58630000 - 5863 = 58624137 Solution:
aMultiplication of agiven number by 11, 101, 1001, (a) 7054x15=(r054x30)
etc.,that is, by 10" + 1.
Method: Place n zeros to the right of the multipli -(211620) =105810
cant and then add the multiplicant to the number so
obtained.
(b) 3897x25 =(3897x
2
50) =(194850)
2
=97425
lllustration 4 Multiply: 1 1

(a) 4782x11 (b) 9836 x 101

(c) 4536x35 =
4563x70) =19410) =159705
(c) 6538 x 1001
 1.6 PARTIArithmetic

Multiplhcation of agiven number by 5, 25, 125,625,

cte., that is, by anumber which is somepower of 5.
48630000 48630000
(d) 4863x625 = = 3039375
Method: Place as many zerOs to the right of the 2* 16
multiplicant as is the power of 5 in the multiplier, then
divide thenumber so obtaincd by 2 raiscd to the same Distributive Laws
power as is the power of 5, For any three numbers a, b, c, we have
(a) axb+axc=uX (b+ c)
illustration 6 Multiply: (b) axb-axc=ux (b-c)
(a) 3982x$ (b) 4739 x 25
(c) 7894 x 125 (d) 4863x 625 llustration 7 438 x 637 + 438 x 367 =?
Solution: Solution: 438 x 637 + 438 x 367 =438 x
(637+367)
(a) 3982 x) 9820-=19910 = 430 × 1000
2 = 438000

(b) 4739x25 = 473900 473900

=118475 llustration 8 674 x 832 674 x 632 =?
22 4

(c) 7894x125 = 7894000 7894000 Solution: 674x 832-674 x632 =?

2 -=986750 =674 x(832 - 632)
=674 x 200 = 134800
SHORTCUT METHODS SQUARES
aTosquare any number ending with 5.
ATo square a number which is nearer to 10x.
Method: (A5) =A(A +1y25 Method: Use the formula:
-llustration 9:
(a) (25) =2(2 + 1)25 =6/25 =625
=(-+y =(*+ y\%x -y) +y
(b) (45)= 4(4 + 1)25 = 20/25 =2025 llustration 11:
(c) (85=8(8 + 1)25 = 72/25 =7225 (a) (97) =(97 +3) (97-3) +32
To square a number in which every =9400 +9=9409
digit is one. (b) (102 =(102 - 2) (102 +2) + 2
Method: Count the number of digits in the given = 10400+4= 10404
number and start writing numbers in
from one to this number and then in ascending order (c) (994)=(994 +6) (994 -
up to one. descending order =
6) +6
988000 + 36 = 988036
(d) (1005) =(1005 - S)
llustration 10: =1010000 + 25 = (1005 +5) + 5*
(a) 11'= 121 1010025
(b) 111= 12321 Division
(c) 1111'= 1234321 Division is repeated subtraction.
(d) 222 =2(111) =4(12321) =49284 For example, when we
(e) 3333 =3(1111' can berepeatedly divide 63289 by 43, it means 45
=9(1234321)= I1108889 subtracted
remainder 36 is left. 1471 times from 63289 and
the
 Chapter 1 Numbers 1.7

1471 Quotient 215

Divisor 43) 63289 Dividend 463) 99999
43 926
202 739
172 463
308 2769
301 2315
79 454
43
36 +Remainder |lustration 16 Find the number nearest to 13700 which
isexactly divisible by 235.
Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient ) + Remainder Solution: On dividing the number 13700 by 235, the
Dividend- Remainder remainder is 70. Therefore, the nearest number to 13700,
Or, Divisor =
Quotient which is exactly divisible by 235 = 13700 - 70 = 13630.
58

|llustration 12 On dividing 7865321 by a certain num 235) 13700

113. Find
ber, the quotient is 33612 and the remainder is 1175
the divisor. 1950
Dividend- Remainder 1880
Solution: Divisor 70
Quotient
7865321-113 7865208
=234
33612 33612 Notes
Tests of Divisibility
|llustration 13 A number when divided by 315 leaves
remainder 46 and the value of quotient is 7. Find the number. 1. Divisibility by 2 A number is divisible by 2 if the
unit's digit is zero or divisible by 2.
Solution: Number = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder For example, 4, 12, 30, 18, 102, etc., are all divisible
=(315 x 7) + 46 = 2205 + 46= 2251 by 2.
2. Divisibility by 3 A number is divisible by 3 if the
-lllustration 14 Find the least number of 5 digits which sum of digits in the number is divisible by 3.
is exactly divisible by 632. For example, the number 3792 is divisible by 3
since 3 +7+9+2=21, which is divisible by 3.
Solution: The least number of 5 digits is 10000. Dividing 3. Divisibility by 4 A number is divisible by 4 if the
this number by 632, the remainder is 520. So, the required number formed by the last two digits (ten's digit and
number =10000 + (632 + 520) = 10112. unit's digit) is divisible by 4 or are both zero.
15 For example, the number 2616 is divisible by 4
632) 10000 since 16 is divisible by 4.
632 4. Divisibility by5 A number is divisible by 5 if the
3680 unit's digit in the number is 0 or 5.
3160 For example, 13520, 7805, 640, 745, etc., are all
520 divisible by 5.
5. Divisibility by 6A number is divisible by 6 if the
lustration 15 ind the greatest number of 5 digits number is even and sum of its digits is divisible
which is exactly divisible by 463. by 3.
For example, the number 4518 is divisible by 6
OUunon: The greatest number of5 digits is 99999. Dividing since it is even and sum of its digits 4+ 5+1+8=
this number by 463. the remainder is 454. So, the required 18 is divisible by 3.
number =99999 - 454 =99545.
18 PARTI Arithmetic

Diisibility by 7 The unit digit of the given number either zero or divis
sum of thc digits at cven places is
IK doubld and then it is subtracted from the number ible by 11.
the
ohtained after omiting the unit digit. Ifthe remainder For cxample, in the number 38797, the sum of
15 drvisible by 7, then the given number is also divis digits at odd places is 3 + 7 + 7= 17 and the sum of
ible by 7. the digits at evcn places is 8 +9= 17.The difference
For cxample, consider the number 448. On doubling is 17-17=0, so the number is divisible by 11.
the unit digt 8 of 448 we get l6. 11. Divisibility by 12 A number is divisible by 12 ifit is
Then, 44 - 16 = 28. divisible by 3 and 4.
Since 28 is divisible by 7, 448 is divisible by 7. 12. Divisibility by 18 An even number satisfying the
Divisibility by 8 Anumber is divisible by 8, if the divisibility test of 9is divisible by 18.
number formed by the last 3digits is divisible by 8. 13. Divisibility by 25 A number is divisible by 25 if the
For example, the number 41784 is divisible by 8as number formed by the last two digits is divisible by
the number formed by last three digits, i.e., 784 is 25 or the last two digitsare zero.
divisible by 8. For example, the number 13675 is divisible by 25 as
8. Divisibility by 9 A number is divisible by 9 if the the number formed by the last two digits is 75 which
sum of its digits is divisible by 9. is divisible by 25.
For example, the number 19044 is divisible by 9 as 14. Divisibility by 88 Anumber is divisible by 88 if it is
the sum of itsdigits 1+9+0+4 +4= 18 is divisible divisible by ll and 8.
by 9. 15. Divisibility by 125 A number is divisible by 125 if
9. Divisibility by 10 A number is divisible by 10, if it the number formed by the last three digits is divisible
ends in Zero. by 125 or the last three digits are zero.
For example, the last digit of 580 is zero, therefore, For example, the number 5250is divisible by 125 as
580 is divisible by l0. 250 is divisible by 125.
10. Divisibility by 11 Anumber is divisible by 11 if the
diference of the sum of the digits at odd places and

SHORTCUT METHODS SOME USEFUL SHORT-CUT METHODS

Testto find whether a given number is a prime
|lustration 18 Investigate whether 923 is a prime
Step 1 Select a least positive integer nsuch that n> number.
given number.
Step 2 Test the divisibility of given number by every
Solution: Since (30) = 900<923 and (3 1) = 961> 923
prime number less than n. .. n=31
Step 3 The given number is prime only if it is not Prime numbers less than 31 are 2. 3. 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,
divisible by any of these primes. 23, 29. Since 923 is not divisible by any of these primes,
therefore, 923 is a prime number.
llustration 17 Investigate, whether 571 is a prime The least number. which when divided by d,, d, and
number d, leaves the remainders r,, r, and r, respectively
Solution: Since (23) = 529 <571 and (24) = 576 >571 such that (d,-r)=(d,-r,)=(d -r), is =(L.C.M.
of d,,d, and d,) - (d, -r) or (d, -r) or (4,-r;).
.. n= 24 which when
Prime numbers less than 24 are 2,3, 5,7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23. ||lustration
19 Find the least number
divided by 9, 10 and 15 leaves the remainders 4, 5 and 10,
Since 24 is divisible by 2, 571 is not a
prime number. respectively.
 Chapter1 Numbers 1.9

-10 =5
Solution: Here, 9- 4= 10 -5= 15 Solution: We divide 532 by 15
90,
Also,L.C.M. (9, 10, 1S) = 90-5 = 85. 532 = 35 x 15 +7
the requircd least number = The quotient obtained is the required number of numbers.
Anumber on being divided by d, and d, succcs Thus, there are 35 such numbers.
sively lcaves the renmainders r and ,, respcctively. llustration 22 How many numbers up to 300 are divis
Ifthe number is divided by d, X d, then the remain ible by 5 and 7 together?
deris =(d, Xr,+}).
Solution: L.C.M. of 5and 7= 35
-lllustration 20 A number onbeing divided by 10 and We divide 300 by 35
11successively leaves the remainders 5 and 7, respectively.
divided by
300= 8x35 + 20
Find the remainder when the same number is Thus,there are 8 such numbers.
110.
5 Two numbers when divided by a certain divisor give
Solution: The required remainder remainders r, and r,. When their sum is divided by
=d, Xr, tr,=10x7+5=75. the same divisor, the remainder is r,. The divisor is
given by r tr,-I3
Tofind the number of numbers divisible by a certain
|llustration 23 Two numberS when divided by a certain
integer.
The method is best illustrated with the help of fol divisor give remainders 473 and 298, respectively. When
their sum is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is
lowing example. 236. Find the divisor.

llustration 21 How many numbers up to 532 are divis Solution: The required divisor
ible by 15? =437 + 298- 236 = 499.

EERCISES
1. 7372x 7372 + 7372 x 628 =? between their ages. If Mr Manoj is older than his wife
(a) 58976000 (b) 58967000 then find the difference between their ages.
(c) 5897600 (d) None of these (a) Cannot be determined (b) 8years
2. 9999 + 8888 + 777 +?= 19700 (c) 10years (d) 9 years
(a) 36 (e) 7years
(b) 16
(c) 64 (d) 26 6. If in a long division sum, the dividend is 380606 and
the successive remainders from the first to the last are
3. 60 ?6×111= 666666
434, 125 and 413, then divisor is:
(a) 0 (b) 2 (b) 843
(a) 451
(c) 1 (d) 6 (c) 4215 (d) 3372
4. 3149x1?5=425115
(a) 3 6
(b) 2 1. I=,then the value of equals:
(c) 4 (d) 6 4 7 ytX

3: lI the two digits of the age of Mr Manoj are reversed 5

then the new age so obtained is the age of his wife. (a)

11 of the sum of their ages is equal to the difference (c) 1 (d) 2

 1,10 PART I Arithmetic

ratio betwecn
The largest natural number by which the product of 17, Thesum of thrce numbers is 68. [f the
threc consccutive even natural numbers is always first and sccondis 2:3 and that bctween second and
divisible, is: third is 5:3, then thc sccond number is:
(a) 16 (b) 24 (a) 30 (b) 20
(c) 48 (d) 96 (c) 58 (d) 48
9 Which number should replace both the *s in 18. Ifl is added to the denominator of afraction, the frac
tion becomes If 1is added to the numerator, the
(GH (b) 63
fraction becomes 1. The fraction is:
4 5
(a) 21 (a) (b)
(c) 3969 (c) 147
10. In adivision sum, the divisor is 12 times the quotient 2
(c) (c)
and 5 times the remainder. If the remainder be 48. 3
then the dividend is:
(a) 240 (b) 576 19. of anumber exceeds its 3 by 8. The number is.
(c) 4800 (d) 4848 (a) 30 (b) 60
II. What lcast number must be subtracted from 1294 (c) 90 (d) None of these
so that the remainder when divided by 9, | I, 13 will 20.
lcave in cach casc the same remainder 6?
What is thesum of all primc numbers from 60 to 80?
(a) 361 (b) 34|
(a) 0 (b) I (c) 351 (d) 349
(c) 2 (d) 3
12.
21. Thequotient arising from the division of 24446 by a
24 is divided into two parts such that 7 times the first
certain divisor is 79 and the remainder is 35, what is
part added to 5 times the second part makes 146. The the divisor?
first part is: (a) 39
(a) I| (b) 13 (b) 309
(c) 390 (d) 3009
(c) 16 (d) 17
22. In adivision sum, the quotient is 120, the divisor 456
13. of anumber subtracted from-of the same number and the remainder 333, find the dividend.
4 3
gives 12. The number is: (a) 5533 (b) 50553
(a) 144 (b) 120 (c) 56053 (d) 55053
(c) 72 (d) 63 23. The quotient arising from a division of a number by
4
14. of a certain number is 64. Half of that number is: 62 is 463 and the remainder is 60, what is the number
3 (a) 28666
(a) 32 (b) 40
(b) 28766
(c) 28576 (d) 28676
(c) 80 (d) 16
24. A number when divided by
15. A fraction becomes 4 when 1is added to both the 22l gives remainder
43. What remainder will be obtained by
numerator and denominator; and it becomes 7 when 1 same number by 17? dividing the
is subtracted from both the numerator and denomina (a) 11
tor. The numerator of the given fraction is: (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) 13
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 7 (d) 15 25. Which one of the
ber of three digits?
following is the largest prime num
16. ThreenumberS are in the ratio 3:4:5. The sum of the (a) 997
largest and the smallest equals the sum of the third (b) 999
and 52. The smallest number is:
(c) 991 (d) 993
(a) 20 (b) 27 26. When a
certain number is multiplied by 7, the
consists entirely of fives; find the least valuc ofproduct
(c) 39 (d) 52
number. such a
 Chapter1 Numbers 1.11

A) 0365 (b) 78365 (a) 2 (b) 3

(c) 77365 (d) 79265 (c) 0 (d) 4
million which is
sum, t}he divisor 10 times the quoticnt J8. Thc ncarcst whole number to one
1 In a dnison divisible by 537 is:
andfive imcs the remainder. What is the dividend. ir
(a) 1000106 (b) 999894
the remainder is 46? (d) 999563
(b) SS36 (c) 1000437
(a) $636
(d) $436 500 which is
(c) S336 39. The smallest number betwecen 400 and
number of four divisible by 9 is:
Which onc of the following is the least (a) 414 (b) 405
digitsdivisibic bv 71? (b) 1065 (c) 423 (d) None of these
(a) 1006
(d) 1056
(c) 1094 40. Which one of the following is the greatest number of
72 five digits divisible by 23 1?
How many numbers up to 100 are divisible by (b) 99892
29. (b) 107 (a) 99792
(a) 14 (c) 99692 (d) 99972
(c) 93 (d) 100
500 are divisible by 232 41. Find the number nearest to 16386 which is exactly
30. How many numbers up to divisible by 425.
(a) 23 (b) 27 (b) 16375
(a) 16575
(c) 21 (d) 19 (d) 16450
(c) 16050
are divisible 2 and
31. How many numbers up to 200 42. Find the least number which must be subtracted from
3 both?
(b) 33 9269 so that resulting number is exactly divisible
(a) 35
(d) 27
by 73?
(c) 29 (b) 57
(a) 17
300 are divis
32. How many numbers between 100and (c) 71 (d) 63
ible by 11?
(b) 10 43. Find the least number which must be added to 15463
(a) 11
(d) 18 so that the resulting number is exactly divisible by
(c) 12 107?
divis
How many numbers between 150 and 500 are (a) 52 (b) 71
ible by 2, 3 and 7 together? (c) 55 (d) 19
(a) 9 (b) 8
(d) 11 44. What is the number just more than 5000 which is
(c) 10 exactly divisible by 73?
34. The number of five figures to be added to a number (a) 5001 (b) S009
of four fives to obtain the least number of six figures (c) S037 (d) 5027
exactly divisible by 357 is:
(a) 94762 (b) 94802 45. The sum of two numbers is 100 and their difference is
(c) 94485 (d) None of these 37.The difference of their squares is:
(a) 37 (b) 100
35. Thenearest figure to 58701 which is divisible by 567 (c) 63 (d) 3700

(b) 58434
46. The number of times 79 be subtracted from 50000, so
(a) 58968 that the remainder be 43759; is:
(c) 58401 (d) None of these (b) 79
(a) 69
36. The digits indicated by * in 3422213 ** so that this (c) 59 (d) None of these
number is divisible by 99 are: 47, The ratio between two numbers is 3:4 and their sum is
(a) 1,9 (b) 3,7 420. The greater of the two numbers is:
(c) 4,6 (d) 5, 5 (a) 175 (b) 200
(c) 240 (d) 315
37. The least value to be given to * so that the number 5 *
3457 is divisible by ll is:
1.12 PART I
Arit;metic Find
remainderis 13.
divisor. the
The diference betwcen the divided by the samne
tive nubers is 35. The sQuares of two consccu the divisor.
(a) 14, S nunmbers are (b) 67
(b) 15, 16 (a) 71 (d) 77
(c) 17, I8 (d) I8, |9 (c) 57 between them IS
49. numbers are such that the ratio
Threc-fourths of one-fifh of a numbcr is 60. The 59. Two the ratio between
increased by 10,
mumber js: 3:5; but if cach is numbers are:
(a) 300 them becomes 5:7. The
(b) 400 (b) 7,9
(c) 450 (d) 1200 (a) 3.5 (d) 15, 25
(c) 13, 22
The sum of squares of two numbers is 80 and the sum of their recin
square of theit diftference is 36. The product of the 60. Divide 50into two parts so that the
rocals is 1/12.
two numbers is: (b) 24, 26
(b) 44
(a) 20,30
(a) 22 (d) 36. 14
(c) 28, 22
(c) S8 (d) 116
61. The sum of seven numbers is 235. The average ofth
S1. A number when divided by 357 gives a remainder 37.
By dividing the same number by 17, the
remainder frst three is 23 and that of last three is 42. The fourh
would be: number is:
(a) 3 (b) 4 (a) 40 (b) 126
(c) 2 (d) None of these (c) 69 (d) 195
52. The product of two numbers is 120. The sum of their 62. The sum of squares of two numbers is 68 and the
squares is 289. The sum of the two numbers is: squares of their difference is 36. The product of the
(a) 20 (b) 23 two numbers is:
(c) 169 (d) None of these (a) 16 (b) 32
53. Three numbers are in the ratio 4:5:ó and their average (c) 58 (d) 104
is 25. The largest number is: 63. What is the least value of K so that the numb
(a) 42 (b) 36 6735K1 is divisible by 9?
(c) 30 (d) 32 (a) 5 (b) 7
54. Anumber exceeds 20% of itself by 40. The number (c) 4 (d) 3
64. For what value of K, the number 7236K2 is divisib!
(a) 50 (b) 60
(c) 80
by 8?
(d) 320 (a) 7 (b) 5
55. If l6% of 40% of a number is 8, the number is: (c) 4 (d) 9
(a) 200 (b) 225
(c) 125
65. Find the least values of x and y so that the
(d) 320 numbe
Sx423y is divisible by 88.
56. 4767 exactly divides *** 341, the (a) 8,2
(a) 468
missing digits are: (b) 7,3
(b) 586 (c) 9,4 (d) 6, 5
(c) 363 (d) None of these
66. 24 is divided into two parts such that 7 times the hr
57. A number when divided by a
certain divisor left part added to 5 times the second part makes 146.Th
remainder 241, when twice the number was divided first part is:
by the same divisor, the
divisor.
remainder was 112. Find the (a) 13 (b) 15
(c) 17 (d) 19
(a) 370 (b) 365
(c) 380 67. Sum of three numbers is 32. rlist number is fwic
(d) 456 the secondand third number 1s one-third of the fre
58. TwO numbers when divided by a Find the second number.
certain divisor
remainders 43 and 37 respectively, when their sumgiveis
(b) 36
(a) 18
(c) 20 (d) 16
 Chapter 1 Munxrs 1.13

must bc added to 723| s0 that

What least nunbet (n) 22 (b) 24
numbcr is Cxactly divisible by 5and y (c) 26 (l) 28
the resuting
togethe 72. If 40% of a ounbcr is 360, what will be 15%, of
that
(a) 0 (b) 18
(d) 16 nunber?
(c) 14
(a) 20
| (b) 20
Enda number ncarest to 923T which is exactly divis 4 2
11.
blc by 3 as wellas by (b) 9340 (c) 22 (d) 22 2
(a) 9240 4
(c) 9$40 (d) 9440
73. The sum of the digits of atwo-digit number is 8, If the
cxaCtly divis digits are reverscd the nunmber is increased by 54.
70, ind a ncarest number to 12199 which is
primc numbers.
iblc by thc product of the first four(b) 12179
lFind the number.
(a) 12181 (a) 17 (b) 19
(c) 112ST
(d) 11279 (c) 21 () 23
numbers is 90 and he
T1. Thc sum of squares of two
d1ference is 46. The product of the
sguarcs of their
two numbers is:

ANSWER KEYS

4. (a) 5.() 6. (b) 7.(c) 8. (C) 9. (b) 10. ()

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a)
I5. (d) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (¢)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14.(b)
25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30.(c)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (c)
35. (a) 36.(a) 37.(a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (a)
31.(b) 32.(d) 33. (a) 34.(a)
45. (d) 46.(b) 47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (a)
41.(d) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (c)
55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (a) 58. (b) 59.() 60. (a)
51.(a) 52. (b) 53.(c) 54.(a)
65. (a) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (c) 69.(a) 70. (a)
61.(a) 62. (a) 63. (a) 64. (a)
71. (a) 72. (a) 73. (a)

EXPEANATORY ANSWERS
(a)Given Expression -7372 %(7372 1628)
=7372 8000 5
5897600), 4
..N5 ndy 4
2. (a) Let, 9999 8888 + 777 x 19700
|: any other multiple of 5 willmake xof two dipits
.. I=19700 19664 36. .Dillerence |0y l0y
3. (a) Lct, x 1|| =666666
666666 9(5 4) ) ycars.
6006 .. Missiny liyure ),

4. (a) 1et, 3149x-425115 (b) Let, 21 |89

425|15
. Missin, diyit 3.
Then, 2| 189212lx33
135
3149

3. (d) Let the ape of Mr Manoj be (10x y) yca%. 10, (d) Let )uoticnt Oand reainder
:. Ilis wife's age =(10y x) ycars Tbcn, yiven 1205R
Now, R 4H 12)5 48 0 20
Then, (10x y 10ytx)0x 4 y 10y x .. Dividcnd 20 240 48 484%,
 1.14
PARTI Arithmetic
(b) 1he numbe uhen diided by ), 1| And 13 leaving x 62 + 60=
28766.
2.3. (b) Number = 463
remainder 6 (ICM. of 9, 11, J3) +6= 1293
24. (c) Dividing 43 by 17,
the remainder is 9.
Reqnired number 1294 1293 = 1.
7|555555
(b)lethese parts bex and (24-). 20. (a) 79365
Then, 7r +5(24 )= 146 ’=13
So the frst part is 13. .. The lcast number is 79365.
27. (c) Remainder = 46
=12’r=l2’r=
12
144. Divisor =5x 46=230
Also, 10 x quotient =5xremainder
14. (b))-XT=64 l= (64X 80 :. Remainder = 2 x quoticnt
That is, quoticnt = 23
Dividend = 23 x 230+ 46 = 5336.
:;x=xs0 =40. 28. (b) 71) 1000 (14
-71
15. (d) Let the requircd fraction be
290
-284
Then, -=4’r-4y=3 6
r+1
.:. Least number =1000 -6 + 71= 1065.
and. =7’-7y =-6 29. (a)Quoticnt when 100 is divided by 7 is 14.
Solving these equations, we get x= 15, y= 3. 30. (c) Quotient when 500 is divided by 23 is 21.
16. (c) Let the numbers be 3x, 4x and 5x. 31. (b) Quotient when 200 is divided by the L.C.M. of 2and 3
Then. 5x + 3x= 4x +52 ’ 4x= 52 ’x= 13 i.e., 6 is 33.
:. The smallest number = 3x =3 x 13 = 39.
32. (d) Quotient when 300 and 100 are divided by 11 are 27
17. (a) Let the numbers be a, b, c. and 9.
a 2 b 5
10 b 5x3 15 a 2x5
Then, = -=-’-=. .:. Between 300 and 100, there are 27-9, i.c., 18 numbers
b 3c 3 b 3x5 15°c 3x3 9
a:b:c =10:15:9 33. (a) A number divisible by 2, 3, and 7 is divisible by thei
Let the numbers be 10x, 15x,9x, L.C.M., i.e., 42. Up to 100, there are 2 numbers divisible b
Then. 10x+ 15x +9x =68 ’34x=68 x=2 42. Up to 500, there are ll numbers divisible by 42.
. Second number = 15x = 15 x2 =30. :: Between 100 and 500, there are ll -2, i.e., 9 number
divisible by 42.
18. (c) Let the required fraction be
34. (a) The least number of six figurcs is 100000
1 On dividing 100000by 357, remainder = 40
Then, ’ 2r-y=l :. Least number of six figures which is divisible by 357
y+1 2
= 100000 + (357 - 40) = 100317
x+1
and =]-y=-1 .:. Required number = 100317 - 5555 =94762.
Solving, 2x-y= l andx-y=-1, 35. (a) On dividing 58701 by 567,
we get, x=2,y =3
Remainder =300 >(567)
2
. The fraction is : .:. Integer nearest to 58701 and divisible by 567
19. (b) Let the number be x. = 58701 + (567 -300)
4
= 58701+ 267 =58968.
12x-10x
Then, =8’ 2x=120
36. (a) Let x, ybe the required digits.
or, x = 60. The number is to be divisible by 99, 1.e., 9 and 1| both.
by 9, i.e.
20. (c) 6l +67 +71 +73 +79 =351. . Sum of digits is to be divisible tx+y
3+4 +2+2+2 + | +3 +x+y= 17
21. (b) Divisor = (24446-35) + 79= 309. Is to be divisible by 9 and, +4) =0
(y+3+2+2 +3) -(x+1+2 =0 oor multiple of 1|
22. (d) Dividend =456 x 120 + i.e., y - x + 3
33=55053. or, multiple of l1,
.. x=1,y=9.
 Chapter I Numbers 1.15

t "bey
ia)l the leat valve ts be given
’ }ah =(oB 36, =80 36 44

nemainder
h) On divdng 100hv S37, (a) Let Kbe the quotient.
S37 Then, number =357 xK 37
- |7x 2IK +172 +3
- |7x (2IK + 2)) +3
.Neanst whole number to onc million which is divisibBe remainder - 3 and new quotient = 21K+ 2.
l00000 106 = 99Og94 So, requircd
hy537 =
rennaindcr = 4 $2. (b) Let the numbers be u and b.
(h) Ondiding 400) by 9, Then, (a + b =(a' +b') 2ab
Numbet ncarcst to 400 and divisible by 9
=289 +2x 120 = 289 + 240= 529
= 408.
- 400 (9-4) .a+b=V529 ’ a +b= 23.
(a)Grcatcst number of hre
digits - 99,999
40. remainder = 207 53. (c) Let thc numbers be 4x, 5x and 6x.
Did1ng this by 231. the 4x+ 5r + 6.x
number or, 15x=75 ’x=5
. Required greatest Then., 25
90792. 3
= 00900- 207 =
which is .:. The largest numbcr = 6r =6x5=30.
41. d) Dividing 16386 by 425, the remainder is 361 (a) Let the required number be x.
is
more than half the divisor. therefore. the required number 54.
16368 + (425 - 361)= 16450. Then, x -
20 -x= 40or, 5r - x= 200or,I=50.
71. 100
(c) Divide 9269 by 73. the remainder is
..71 isthc required lcast number. S5. (c) Let,
16 40
-Xx=8
therefore, the 100 100
(a) Dividc I5463 by 107, the remainder is 55,
52. 8x100x100
number tobe added= 107 - 55 = Then, x = -=125.
16x40
44. (c)Dividing 5000 by 73, the remainder is 36. The number
5000the differ 56. (b) Last digit of dividend = 1
grcater than 5000 is obtained by adding to
Last digit of divisor =7
ence of divisor and the remainder.
.. Last digit of quotient should be 3
..The required number =5000 + (73 - 36)= 5037.
4767 x3= 14301
45. (d) Let the numbers be a and b. 4767 x 20 =95340
Then. a +b= 100 and a - b=37 4767 x 100 = 476700
.. a- b= (a- b)(a - b) = 100 x 37 = 3700. .:. 4767 x (3 + 20 + 100) = 586341
(b) 50000 = 79 x quotient + 43759 Missing digits are 586.
46.
50000- 43759 = 79 x quotient 57. (a) The divisor = t,-I;
or 6241 = 79 x quoticnt =241 +241 - 112=370.
6241
.. Required number of times : =79.
79 58. (b) The divisor =,t , - I,=43 +37- 13 =67.
47. (c) Let the numbers be 3x and 4x. 59. (d) Let the numbers be 3.x and 5.x.
Then, 3x+ 4x= 420’ 7 =420’x=60 3.x +10 5
.:. Greater number =4x60 = 240. Then, 7(3r +10) =S(5r+ 10)
5r+10
48. (c) Let the numbers bc x and (x + 1).
Then, (x +I-=35 ’+2xt|-*=35 .:. The numbers are 15 and 25.
+2r= 34
60. (a) Let the numbers bex and (50 - ).
or, x = ]7
50-x+x 1
So, the numbers are 17 and 18, Then, - + 50-x 12 x(50- x) 12
49. (b) Let the number bex.
’r-50x + 600 =0
3 1
Then, x-xI=60’3x =60x5x4 ’r=30 or 20.
4 5 .:. The numbers are 20, 30.
Or, x=400.
61. (a) 23 x3++42 x3 =235 ’r= 40
50. (a) Let the numbers be a and b.
.:. Fourth number = 40.
Then, a + b'= 80 and (a - by' = 36
1.16 PARTI Arithmetic

(n)lhe numhTE be a And than half thedivisor 33,

Then, o 68 and (a - by Since the remainder 24 is more 24) = 9240.
(33-
: The nearest number - 9231 +
2ah- 36 is
numbers
70. (a) Product of first four primc
2ak - 32 - ah - 16 2x3x 5x 7- 210
remainder 19, which:.
(B) 6 7+3+$ K+ l= 22 * K Dividing 12199 by 210. we find the
less than half the divisor.
The lcast number greater than 22 and divisible by 9 is 27
210)12199(58
1050
b4 ia) Thc last thrce d1gits 6K2 is divisible by 8 ifK is 3 or7 109
sincc 632and 672 arc divisible by 8. 180
(a) Test cof S is indcpcndent ofthe valuce ofx. First, apply the 19
test of S. Last throc digit of the given number are 23y which
Is divisible bv 8 ifv is 2. Substitute for y. .:. The number nearer to 12199 divisible by 210 is 1210
18 = 12181.
Thc number now becomes 5r4232.
Apply thc test of 1 1. 71. (a)Let the numbers be x and y.
Sum of the digits at odd and even placcs is According to the question:
5 +4 +3,ic.. 12 and x + 2+ 2, i.e., x+4 +y=90 ...(1)
.. x+ 4= 12 ’x= 8 and, (x -y =46 ...(2)
Hence. x= 8and v=2. From equation (2),
(x- y) 46 or, +y- 2ry= 46
b6. (a) Let x be the first part so that the other part is 24 -x.
or, 90 - 2xy = 46 or, 90 46 = 22
(24-)= 146 ’=13. 2
:. Product of two numbers =22.
67. (b) Let the second number be 3x, so that the first number is
6x and the third one is 2x. 72. (a)Let the number be x.
:.6x + 3x + 2r= 132 Then, we have, 40% of x=360
= llr=132 or x =12. 360x100
=900
Second number =3x=3× 12 = 36. 40
68. (c)Divide 7231 by 45. the remainder is 31. 15
Now, 15% of x= -x 900= 135
.:. Required number =45-31= 14. 100
69. (a) Anumber which is divisible by 3 and 1l is
also divisible 15
Again, 15% of 135=*x135=
by 33. Dividing 9331 by 33, the 20.25.
more than half the divisor.
remainder 24 which is
is 100
73. (a) Let the two digit
number be l0x +y
3)9331(279 Then, we have, x +y=8
26
and, 10y+x=10xty+ 54
231
321 Or, y- x=6
297
24 From equations (1) and (2),
the required number =1x 10
+7=17.