10/28/2019 300+ TOP NETWORK ENGINEER Interview Questions and Answers Pdf

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NETWORK ENGINEER Interview Questions and Answers
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300+ TOP NETWORK ENGINEER

Interview Questions and Answers
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NETWORK ENGINEER Interview Questions :-

A) Tell me something about yourself.
Tell about your eductaion, place you belong to, some struggle in life
which shows that you have positive attitude and will to fight the odds. SuperWebTricks
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B) Technical Questions :-

1) What is a LAN?
LAN is short for Local Area Network. It refers to the connection
between computers and other network devices that are located within
a small physical location.

2) What is the difference between a normal LAN cable and

cross cable? What could be the maximum length of the LAN
cable?

The way the paired wires are connected to the connector (RJ45)
is different in cross cable and normal LAN cable.
The theoritical length is 100 meters but after 80 meters you may
see drop in speed due to loss of signal.

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3) What id DHCP? Why it is used? What are scopes and

super scopes?

1. DHCP: Dynamic host configuration protocol. Its used to

allocate IP addresses to large number of PCs in a network
environment. This makes the IP management very easy.
2. Scope: Scope contains IP address like subnet mask, gateway IP,
DNS server IP and exclusion range which a client can use to
communicate with the other PCs in the network.
3. Superscope: When we combine two or more scopes together
its called super scope.

4) What are the types of LAN cables used? What is a cross

cable?
Types of LAN cables that are in use are “Cat 5” and “Cat 6”. “Cat 5” can
support 100 Mbps of speed and “CAT 6” can support 1Gbps of speed.
Cross cable: Its used to connect same type of devices without using a
switch/hub so that they can communicate.

5) What is Active Directory?

A central component of the Windows platform, Active Directory
directory service provides the means to manage the identities and
relationships that make up network environments. For example we
can create, manage and administor users, computers and printers in
the network from active directory.

6) What is DNS? Why it is used? What is “forward lookup”

and “reverse lookup” in DNS? What are A records and mx
records?
DNS is domain naming service and is used for resolving names to IP
address and IP addresses to names. The computer understands only
numbers while we can easily remember names. So to make it easier
for us what we do is we assign names to computers and websites.
When we use these names (Like yahoo.com) the computer uses

DNS to convert to IP address (number) and it executes our

request.
Forward lookup: Converting names to IP address is called
forward lookup.
Reverse lookup: Resolving IP address to names is called reverse
lookup.
‘A’ record: Its called host record and it has the mapping of a
name to IP address. This is the record in DNS with the help of
which DNS can find out the IP address of a name.
‘MX’ Record: its called mail exchanger record. Its the record
needed to locate the mail servers in the network. This record is
also found in DNS.

7) What is IPCONFIG command? Why it is used?

IPCONFIG command is used to display the IP information assigned to

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a computer. Fromthe output we can find out the IP address, DNS IP

address, gateway IP address assigned to that computer.

8) What is APIPA IP address? Or what IP address is

assigned to the computer when the DHCP server is not
available?
When DHCP server is not available the Windows client computer
assignes an automatic IP address to itself so that it can communicate
with the network cmputers. This ip address is called APIPA. ITs in the
range of 169.254.X.X.
APIPA stands for Automatic private IP addressing. Its in the range of
169.254.X.X.

9) What is a DOMAIN? What is the difference between a

domain and a workgroup? Domain is created when we install
Active Directory. It’s a security boundary which is used to manage
computers inside the boundary. Domain can be used to centrally
administor computers and we can govern them using common
policies called group policies.
We can’t do the same with workgroup.

10) Do you know how to configure outlook 2000 and

outlook 2003 for a user?
Please visit the link below to find out how to configure outlook 2000
and outlook
2003.http://www.it.cmich.edu/quickguides/qg_outlook2003_server.asp

NETWORK ENGINEER
Interview Questions

11) What is a PST file and what is the difference between a

PST file and OST file? What file is used by outlook express?
PST file is used to store the mails locally when using outlook 2000 or
2003. OST file is used when we use outlook in cached exchanged
mode. Outlook express useds odb file.

12) What is BSOD? What do you do when you get blue

screen in a computer? How do you troubleshoot it?
BSOD stands for blue screen of Death. when there is a hardware or OS
fault due to which the windows OS can run it give a blue screen with a
code. Best way to resolve it is to boot the computer is “LAst known
good configuration”. If this doesn’t work than boot the computer in
safe mode. If it boots up than the problemis with one of the devices or
drivers.

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13) What is RIS? What is Imaging/ghosting?

RIS stands for remote installation services. You save the installed
image on a windows server and then we use RIS to install the
configured on in the new hardware. We can use it to deploy both
server and client OS. Imaging or ghosting also does the same job of
capturing an installed image and then install it on a new hardware
when there is a need. We go for RIS or iamging/ghosting because
installing OS everytime using a CD can be a very time consuming task.
So to save that time we can go for RIS/Ghosting/imaging.

14) What is VPN and how to configure it?

VPN stands for Virtual private network. VPN is used to connect to the
corporate network to access the resources like mail and files in the
LAN. VPN can be configured using the stepsmentioned in the KB:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/305550

15) Your computer slowly drops out of network. A reboot of

the computer fixes the problem. What to do to resolve this
issue?
Update the network card driver.

16) Your system is infected with Virus? How to recover the

data?
Install another system. Insall the OS with the lates pathces, Antivirus
with latest updates. Connect the infected HDD as secondary drive in
the system. Once done scan and clean the secondary HDD. Once done
copy the files to the new system.

17) What is a Link?

A link refers to the connectivity between two devices. It includes the
type of cables and protocols used in order for one device to be able to
communicate with the other.

18) What is the difference between a switch and a hub?

Switch sends the traffic to the port to which its meant for. Hub sends
the traffic to all the ports.

19) What is a router? Why we use it?

Router is a switch which uses routing protocols to process and send
the traffic. It also receives the traffic and sends it across but it uses the
routing protocols to do so.

20) What are manageable and non manageable switches?

Switches which can be administered are calledmanageable switches.
For example we can create VLAN for on such switch. On no
manageable swiches we can’t do so.

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21) What is NIC?

A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface
controller) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow
computers to communicate over a computer network

22) What is USB?

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface
devices. Devices like Modem, Mouse, Keyboard etc can be connected.

23) Dialup vs. Broadband

A broadband connection (ADSL) provides high-speed Internet access
over a standard phone line. The advantage of a broadband connection
over a standard dialup service, is that Broadband is considerably
faster, and is “always-on”, meaning that once you”re logged on, your
PC is online until the PC is turned off again.

Broadband offer high-speed Internet access and allows telephone calls

and a permanent Internet connection to share a single phone line
simultaneously whereas in Dialup connection either Internet
connection or telephone call can made at given time.

24) LAN and WAN

A local area network is a computer network covering a small
geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings

Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad

area (i.e., any network whose communications links cross
metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). Or, less formally, a
network that uses routers and public communications links

25) Microsoft Access

Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a
relational database management system from Microsoft.

26) What is RAS?

Remote Access Services (RAS) refers to any combination of hardware
and software to enable the remote access to tools or information that
typically reside on a network of IT devices.

27) Difference between Client Mail and Web Mail?

Email clients download your emails onto your computer. Using a
specialized email program such as Outlook Express or Apple Mail has
the advantage of giving you complete control over your email; every
email you receive is placed on your computer and you can keep as
many large file attachments as you want.
Checking your email through our webmail is similar to using Hotmail
or Yahoo! Mail. You never actually copy your messages to your
computer; in fact, you are looking at them through your web browser
on somebody else”s computer. When you are not online, you are not
able to see your email.

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28) RAM and ROM

random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be
accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed
without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is the most common type
of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.

Pronounced rahm, acronym for read-only memory, computer memory

on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto
a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. Unlike main
memory (RAM), ROM retains its contents even when the computer is
turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile, whereas RAM is
volatile.

29) Spamguard
Spam Guard is an Outlook add-in that filters email that arrives in your
inbox. If the sender of any message cannot be identified then the
message is moved into a spam quarantine folder. Messages deposited
in the spam quarantine folder can be inspected and either deleted or
approved at your leisure.

30) Firewall and Antivirus

A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private
network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and
software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to
prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks
connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering
or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each
message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security
criteria.

Antivirus is a software program which helps protect a computer

against being infected by a virus.

31) DNS
Short for Domain Name System (or Service or Server), an Internet
service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Because
domain names are alphabetic, they”re easier to remember. The
Internet however, is really based on IP addresses. Every time you use
a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into
the corresponding IP address. For example, the domain name
www.example.com might translate to 198.105.232.4.

32) IPConfig
IPConfig is a command line tool used to control the network
connections on Windows NT/2000/XP machines. There are three
main commands: “all”, “release”, and “renew”. IPConfig displays all
current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System

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(DNS) settings. Used without parameters, IPConfig displays the IP

address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.

33) Trace route

Trace route is the program that shows you the route over the network
between two systems, listing all the intermediate routers a connection
must pass through to get to its destination. It can help you determine
why your connections to a given server might be poor, and can often
help you figure out where exactly the problem is. It also shows you
how systems are connected to each other, letting you see how your ISP
connects to the Internet as well as how the target system is connected.

34) What is the equivalent layer or layers of the TCP/IP

Application layer in terms of OSI reference model?

The TCP/IP Application layer actually has three counterparts on the

OSI model: the Session layer, Presentation Layer and Application
Layer.

35) How can you identify the IP class of a given IP address?

By looking at the first octet of any given IP address, you can identify
whether it’s Class A, B or C. If the first octet begins with a 0 bit, that
address is Class A. If it begins with bits 10 then that address is a Class
B address. If it begins with 110, then it’s a Class C network.

36) What is the main purpose of OSPF?

OSPF, or Open Shortest Path First, is a link-state routing protocol that

uses routing tables to determine the best possible path for data
exchange.

37) What are firewalls?

Firewalls serve to protect an internal network from external attacks.

These external threats can be hackers who want to steal data or
computer viruses that can wipe out data in an instant. It also prevents
other users from external networks from gaining access to the private
network.

38) Describe star topology

Star topology consists of a central hub that connects to nodes. This is

one of the easiest to setup and maintain.

39) What are gateways?

Gateways provide connectivity between two or more network

segments. It is usually a computer that runs the gateway software and

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provides translation services. This translation is a key in allowing

different systems to communicate on the network.

40) What is the disadvantage of a star topology?

One major disadvantage of star topology is that once the central hub
or switch get damaged, the entire network becomes unusable.

41) What is SLIP?

SLIP, or Serial Line Interface Protocol, is actually an old protocol

developed during the early UNIX days. This is one of the protocols
that are used for remote access.

42) Give some examples of private network addresses.

1. 10.0.0.0 with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0

2. 172.16.0.0 with subnet mask of 255.240.0.0
3. 192.168.0.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.0.0

43) What is tracert?

Tracert is a Windows utility program that can used to trace the route
taken by data from the router to the destination network. It also shows
the number of hops taken during the entire transmission route.

44) What are the functions of a network administrator?

A network administrator has many responsibilities that can be

summarize into 3 key functions: installation of a network,
configuration of network settings, and maintenance/troubleshooting
of networks.

45) Describe at one disadvantage of a peer to peer network.

When you are accessing the resources that are shared by one of the
workstations on the network, that workstation takes a performance
hit.

46) What is Hybrid Network?

A hybrid network is a network setup that makes use of both client-

server and peer-to-peer architecture.

47) What is DHCP?

DHCP is short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Its main task
is to automatically assign an IP address to devices across the network.
It first checks for the next available address not yet taken by any
device, then assigns this to a network device.

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48) What is the main job of the ARP?

The main task of ARP or Address Resolution Protocol is to map a

known IP address to a MAC layer address.

49) What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP is short for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.

This is a set of protocol layers that is designed to make data exchange
possible on different types of computer networks, also known as
heterogeneous network.

50) How can you manage a network using a router?

Routers have built in console that lets you configure different settings,
like security and data logging. You can assign restrictions to
computers, such as what resources it is allowed access, or what
particular time of the day they can browse the internet. You can even
put restrictions on what websites are not viewable across the entire
network.

51) What protocol can be applied when you want to transfer

files between different platforms, such between UNIX
systems and Windows servers?

Use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for file transfers between such
different servers. This is possible because FTP is platform
independent.

52) What is the use of a default gateway?

Default gateways provide means for the local networks to connect to

the external network. The default gateway for connecting to the
external network is usually the address of the external router port.

53) One way of securing a network is through the use of

passwords. What can be considered as good passwords?

Good passwords are made up of not just letters, but by combining

letters and numbers. A password that combines uppercase and
lowercase letters is favorable than one that uses all upper case or all
lower case letters. Passwords must be not words that can easily be
guessed by hackers, such as dates, names, favorites, etc. Longer
passwords are also better than short ones.

54) What is the proper termination rate for UTP cables?

The proper termination for unshielded twisted pair network cable is

100 ohms.

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55) What is netstat?

Netstat is a command line utility program. It provides useful

information about the current TCP/IP settings of a connection.

56) What is the number of network IDs in a Class C

network?

For a Class C network, the number of usable Network ID bits is 21.

The number of possible network IDs is 2 raised to 21 or 2,097,152. The
number of host IDs per network ID is 2 raised to 8 minus 2, or 254.

57) What happens when you use cables longer than the
prescribed length?

Cables that are too long would result in signal loss. This means that
data transmission and reception would be affected, because the signal
degrades over length.

58) What common software problems can lead to network

defects?

Software related problems can be any or a combination of the

following:

client server problems

application conflicts
error in configuration
protocol mismatch
security issues
user policy and rights issues

59) What is ICMP?

ICMP is Internet Control Message Protocol. It provides messaging and

communication for protocols within the TCP/IP stack. This is also the
protocol that manages error messages that are used by network tools
such as PING.

60) What is Ping?

Ping is a utility program that allows you to check connectivity between

network devices on the network. You can ping a device by using its IP
address or device name, such as a computer name.

61) What is peer to peer?

Peer to peer are networks that does not reply on a server. All PCs on
this network act as individual workstations.

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62) What is DNS?

DNS is Domain Name System. The main function of this network

service is to provide host names to TCP/IP address resolution.

63) What advantages does fiber optics have over other

media?

One major advantage of fiber optics is that is it less susceptible to

electrical interference. It also supports higher bandwidth, meaning
more data can be transmitted and received. Signal degrading is also
very minimal over long distances.

64) What is the difference between a hub and a switch?

A hub acts as a multiport repeater. However, as more and more

devices connect to it, it would not be able to efficiently manage the
volume of traffic that passes through it. A switch provides a better
alternative that can improve the performance especially when high
traffic volume is expected across all ports.

65) What are the different network protocols that are

supported by Windows RRAS services?

There are three main network protocols supported: NetBEUI, TCP/IP,

and IPX.

66) What are the maximum networks and hosts in a class A,

B and C network?

For Class A, there are 126 possible networks and 16,777,214

hosts
For Class B, there are 16,384 possible networks and 65,534
hosts
For Class C, there are 2,097,152 possible networks and 254
hosts

67) What is the standard color sequence of a straight-

through cable?

orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green,

brown/white, brown.

68) What protocols fall under the Application layer of the

TCP/IP stack?

The following are the protocols under TCP/IP Application layer: FTP,
TFTP, Telnet and SMTP.

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69) You need to connect two computers for file sharing. Is it

possible to do this without using a hub or router?

Yes, you can connect two computers together using only one cable. A
crossover type cable can be use in this scenario. In this setup, the data
transmit pin of one cable is connected to the data receive pin of the
other cable, and vice versa.

70) What is ipconfig?

Ipconfig is a utility program that is commonly used to identify the

addresses information of a computer on a network. It can show the
physical address as well as the IP address.

71) What is the difference between a straight-through and

crossover cable?

A straight-through cable is used to connect computers to a switch, hub

or router. A crossover cable is used to connect two similar devices
together, such as a PC to PC or Hub to hub.

72) What is client/server?

Client/server is a type of network wherein one or more computers act

as servers. Servers provide a centralized repository of resources such
as printers and files. Clients refers to workstation that access the
server.

73) Describe networking.

Networking refers to the inter connection between computers and

peripherals for data communication. Networking can be done using
wired cabling or through wireless link.

74) When you move the NIC cards from one PC to another
PC, does the MAC address gets transferred as well?

Yes, that’s because MAC addresses are hard-wired into the NIC
circuitry, not the PC. This also means that a PC can have a different
MAC address when the NIC card was replace by another one.

75) Define clustering support

Clustering support refers to the ability of a network operating system

to connect multiple servers in a fault-tolerant group. The main
purpose of this is the in the event that one server fails, all processing
will continue on with the next server in the cluster.

76) In a network that contains two servers and twenty

workstations, where is the best place to install an Anti-virus

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program?

An anti-virus program must be installed on all servers and

workstations to ensure protection. That’s because individual users can
access any workstation and introduce a computer virus when plugging
in their removable hard drives or flash drives.

77) Describe Ethernet.

Ethernet is one of the popular networking technologies used these

days. It was developed during the early 1970s and is based on
specifications as stated in the IEEE. Ethernet is used in local area
networks.

78) What are some drawbacks of implementing a ring

topology?

In case one workstation on the network suffers a malfunction, it can

bring down the entire network. Another drawback is that when there
are adjustments and reconfigurations needed to be performed on a
particular part of the network, the entire network has to be
temporarily brought down as well.

79) What is the difference between CSMA/CD and

CSMA/CA?

CSMA/CD, or Collision Detect, retransmits data frames whenever a

collision occurred. CSMA/CA, or Collision Avoidance, will first
broadcast intent to send prior to data transmission.

80) What is SMTP?

SMTP is short for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. This protocol deals
with all Internal mail, and provides the necessary mail delivery
services on the TCP/IP protocol stack.

81) What is multicast routing?

Multicast routing is a targeted form of broadcasting that sends

message to a selected group of user, instead of sending it to all users
on a subnet.

82) What is the importance of Encryption on a network?

Encryption is the process of translating information into a code that is

unreadable by the user. It is then translated back or decrypted back to
its normal readable format using a secret key or password. Encryption
help ensure that information that is intercepted halfway would remain
unreadable because the user has to have the correct password or key
for it.

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83) How are IP addresses arranged and displayed?

IP addresses are displayed as a series of four decimal numbers that

are separated by period or dots. Another term for this arrangement is
the dotted decimal format. An example is 192.168.101.2

84) Explain the importance of authentication.

Authentication is the process of verifying a user’s credentials before he

can log into the network. It is normally performed using a username
and password. This provides a secure means of limiting the access
from unwanted intruders on the network.

85) What do mean by tunnel mode?

This is a mode of data exchange wherein two communicating

computers do not use IPSec themselves. Instead, the gateway that is
connecting their LANs to the transit network creates a virtual tunnel
that uses the IPSec protocol to secure all communication that passes
through it.

86) What are the different technologies involved in

establishing WAN links?

Analog connections – using conventional telephone lines; Digital

connections – using digital-grade telephone lines; switched
connections – using multiple sets of links between sender and receiver
to move data.

87) What is one advantage of mesh topology?

In the event that one link fails, there will always be another available.
Mesh topology is actually one of the most fault-tolerant network
topology.

88) When troubleshooting computer network problems,

what common hardware-related problems can occur?

A large percentage of a network is made up of hardware. Problems in

these areas can range from malfunctioning hard drives, broken NICs
and even hardware startups. Incorrectly hardware configuration is
also one of those culprits to look into.

89) What can be done to fix signal attenuation problems?

A common way of dealing with such a problem is to use repeaters and

hub, because it will help regenerate the signal and therefore prevent
signal loss. Checking if cables are properly terminated is also a must.

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90) How does dynamic host configuration protocol aid in

network administration?

Instead of having to visit each client computer to configure a static IP

address, the network administrator can apply dynamic host
configuration protocol to create a pool of IP addresses known as
scopes that can be dynamically assigned to clients.

91) Explain profile in terms of networking concept?

Profiles are the configuration settings made for each user. A profile
may be created that puts a user in a group, for example.

92) What is sneakernet?

Sneakernet is believed to be the earliest form of networking wherein

data is physically transported using removable media, such as disk,
tapes.

93) What is the role of IEEE in computer networking?

IEEE, or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is an

organization composed of engineers that issues and manages
standards for electrical and electronic devices. This includes
networking devices, network interfaces, cablings and connectors.

94) What protocols fall under the TCP/IP Internet Layer?

There are 4 protocols that are being managed by this layer. These are
ICMP, IGMP, IP and ARP.

95) When it comes to networking, what are rights?

Rights refer to the authorized permission to perform specific actions

on the network. Each user on the network can be assigned individual
rights, depending on what must be allowed for that user.

96) What is one basic requirement for establishing VLANs?

A VLAN is required because at switch level there is only one broadcast

domain, it means whenever new user is connected to switch this
information is spread throughout the network. VLAN on switch helps
to create separate broadcast domain at switch level. It is used for
security purpose.

97) What is IPv6?

IPv6 , or Internet Protocol version 6, was developed to replace IPv4.

At present, IPv4 is being used to control internet traffic, butis

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expected to get saturated in the near future. IPv6 was designed to

overcome this limitation.

98) What is RSA algorithm?

RSA is short for Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm. It is the most

commonly used public key encryption algorithm in use today.

99) What is mesh topology?

Mesh topology is a setup wherein each device is connected directly to

every other device on the network. Consequently, it requires that each
device have at least two network connections.

100) what is the maximum segment length of a 100Base-FX

network?

The maximum allowable length for a network segment using 100Base-

FX is 412 meters. The maximum length for the entire network is 5
kilometers.

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2 THOUGHTS ON “300+ TOP NETWORK ENGINEER

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PDF”

ali Alesawy
DECEMBER 6, 2016 AT 2:34 AM

thank you

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Akanksha Thorat
AUGUST 24, 2016 AT 6:07 PM

Really helpful for preparing interviews

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