3 STATES OF MATTER Workbook - ANSWERS

STATES OF MATTER
 All substances are made of matter. Matter is all the stuff around you – everything you
can touch, see or smell. Anything that has mass (weight) and volume (occupies space)
is matter. Atom-: is the smallest particle of matter. Everything is made up of atoms.
 The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
 Solids, liquids and gases are all made of tiny particles. This is called the particle
theory.
 The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles are attracted strongly to each
other and others weakly.
 The particles move around. They are described as having kinetic energy. The kinetic
energy of the particles increases with temperature.
Particles of solids are tightly packed, are very close together in a

fixed arrangement.
There are very strong forces of attraction between the particles
holding them together.
There are very small spaces between the particles – high density.
This makes solids hard (usually) and they cannot be compressed.
Particles have a small amount of energy, particles vibrate but do
not move around.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to
slide over one another.
There are strong forces of attraction between the particles holding
them together but not in an orderly arrangement.
There are small spaces between the particles – medium density.
1
This this gives the liquids the ability to flow but they cannot be
compressed.
Particles have enough energy to move around.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite
volume.
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.

There are very weak forces of attraction between particles.
Particles have lots of energy to move around at great speeds.
There are big spaces between the particles – very low density.
Gases can easily be compressed.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Fill in the following table using the words high, medium or low
state of matter Solid liquid gas
temperature low medium high
particle velocity low medium high
kinetic energy of low medium high

the particles
occupied volume low medium high
binding energy of high medium low

the particles
Match the definitions
Freezing This is when a smell “spreads out” across a room
Boiling/Evaporating A change of state – solid to liquid
2
Condensing A change of state – liquid to gas
Melting A change of state – gas to liquid
Diffusion A change of state – liquid to solid
PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas. (free-floating high-energy charges)
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite
volume
Plasma is the common state of matter
Some places where plasmas are found…
fires
lightning
northern aurora lights
Matter:
Property
Solid Solid Liquid
liquid Gas gas
Fixed Shape 
Cannot be   only
compressed slightly
Can Flow  
Takes the  
shape of the
Looking at the above particle diagrams;
container
predict the properties of solids, liquids
No fixed  and gases:
shape or
volume Particle in solids are very tightly
Fairly easy to  packed because of the strong force
compress of attraction between them, which
keeps the particles together. This
Energy little more most gives solids a fixed shape. Particles
can only vibrate at their own places.
Force of strong weaker none Particles in solids do not have much
attraction energy. 3
Vibrate 
Examples avp avp avp

Particle in liquids are not so tightly
packed, because of the weaker
force of attraction between them,
which let the particles slide over
each other, resulting in flowing of
liquid. Particles have more energy
than solid particles.
Particle in gas are randomly moving

in all direction, so gases take the
shape of the container. The force of
attraction between them is very
weak. Particles have high energy.
CHANGING STATES
OF MATTER
1. When ice turns into
water we say that it melts
2. When water turns into gas we say that it has evaporated or
boils
3. When gases cool down to form water on windows and
windscreens we call this condensation
4. To make ice pops we freeze them.
5. Solid to gas is called sublimating and gas to solid directly is
called deposition
4
To change from
one state to another, particles either gain or lose energy. Look at the diagram and decide
whether solids gain or lose energy to get to the next stage:
1. In melting, solid particles gain energy, starts
vibrating faster, moving away from each other.
2. In boiling, particles gain more energy, starts
moving even faster, going further away from
each other.
3. In condensation, particles lose energy, slow
down and get closer to each other.
4. In freezing, particles lose more energy, slow
down even further and get even closer to each
other.
Remember solid particles are bonded with strong forces which keep the particles in fixed
shape, when they gain energy, they start vibrating faster at their own places. In doing so,
they break those strong bonds and if they keep getting energy, they can eventually break
those bonds and move away from each other. This is the change in state and this point is
called melting point. Bond breaking also happens while changing state from liquid to gas at
boiling point.
From gas to liquid and liquid to solid, particles lose energy, get closer to each other and at
some point, new bonds form between the particles and they change state.
5
SELECT THE CORRECT MODEL (A, B, OR C) THAT FITS WITH EACH OF THESE STATEMENTS.
1. MOLECULES VERY CLOSE TOGETHER AND VIBRATING. B

2. A GAS. C
3. MOLECULES FAR APART AND MOVING FAST. C
4. MOLECULES SLIPPING AND SLIDING UNDER AND OVER EACH OTHER. A
5. MAINLY A SOLID B
6. MOLECULES OF BOTH A LIQUID AND A GAS IN THIS BEAKER. A
7. MOLECULES OF BOTH A SOLID AND A GAS IN THIS BEAKER. B
8. MAINLY A LIQUID. A
9 SUBLIMATION IS OCCURING. B
10. HAS FIXED VOLUME AND SHAPE B

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STATES OF MATTER

Particles of solids are tightly packed, are very close together in a

Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.

temperature low medium high

particle velocity low medium high

kinetic energy of low medium high

occupied volume low medium high

binding energy of high medium low

Match the definitions

Freezing This is when a smell “spreads out” across a room

Boiling/Evaporating A change of state – solid to liquid

Melting A change of state – gas to liquid

Diffusion A change of state – liquid to solid

Some places where plasmas are found…

northern aurora lights

Examples avp avp avp

Particle in gas are randomly moving

1. MOLECULES VERY CLOSE TOGETHER AND VIBRATING. B

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