SLS 139 - 2003

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SRI LANKA STANDARD 139 : 2003

UDC 669.141.24

SPECIFICATION FOR
MILD STEEL WIRE FOR
GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES
(FIRST REVISION)

SRI LANKA STANDARD INSTITUTION

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SPECIFICATION FOR MILD STEEL WIRE FOR
GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES
[FIRST REVISION]

SLS 139: 2003

Gr. 8
(AMD 405 Attached)

SRI LANKA STANDARDS INSTITUTION


No. 17, Victoria Place
Off Elvitigala Mawatha
Colombo 08
Sri Lanka.

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SLS 139: 2003

SRI LANKA STANDARD


SPECIFICATION FOR MILD STEEL WIRE-FOR GENERAL
ENGINEERING PURPOSES
(FIRST REVISION)

FOREWORD

This standard was authorized for adoption and publication as a Sri Lanka Standard by
the Council of the Sri Lanka Standards Institution on 2003.01.14 after the draft,
finalized by the working group on mild steel wire for general engineering purposes,
had been approved by the Sectoral Committee on Engineering Materials, Mechanical
systems and Manufacturing Engineering.

This is the first revision of CS 139: 1972 Specification for mild steel wire for general
engineering purposes. In this edition, mainly the requirements for sizes, coating mass,
and dimensional tolerances have been revised.

Guidelines for the determination of compliance of a lot with the requirements of this
standard, based on statistical sampling and inspection is given in Appendix C.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is


complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test
or an analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with CS 102. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value shall be the same as that of the
specified value in this standard.

In the preparation of this specification valuable assistance derived from the relevant
publications of the International Organization for Standardization, British Standards
Institution and Japanese Standard Association is gratefully acknowledge.

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SLS 139: 2003

1 SCOPE

This Sri Lanka Standard covers the requirements, materials, sizes, finishes,
mechanical properties and marking for drawn mild steel wire for general engineering
purposes.

2 REFERENCES

ISO 377 Location and preparation of samples test pieces for mechanical testing
SLS 978 Tensile testing of metallic materials
CS 102 Presentation of numerical values

3 DEFINITIONS

3.1 zinc coated wire: Mild steel wire to which a coating of zinc has been applied as
a protection against corrosion. This can be performed either by dipping in a bath of
molten zinc or electro deposition in an aqueous solution of zinc salt.

3.2 coating mass: Mass of the zinc coating per unit area of wire expressed in grams
per square meter

3.3 wire: Finished product with uniform circular cross section, the dimensions of the
section being very small compared to the length, manufactured by cold drawing and
generally supplied in coils.

3.4 length: A straight piece of drawn wire cut to a specified length.

4 DESIGNATION

The level of zinc coating shall be indicated as a quality designated by the letters A,
AB, B, C or D as shown in Table 3.

5 REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Material

The composition of mild steel used for the manufacture of wire shall comply with the
following limits of phosphorus and sulphur.
Phosphorus, maximum 0.065 per cent
Sulphur, maximum 0.060 per cent

5.2 Manufacture

The mild steel wire shall be cold drawn. It shall be cleanly drawn to the nominal
dimensions specified in 5.3 and physical properties as specified in Table 4 and shall
be sound and free from splits, surface flaws and scale.

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5.3 Sizes

5.3.1 Preferred sizes

The following are the preferred wire diameters for mild steel wire for general
engineering purposes.

mm mm mm mm
0.10 0.32 1.20 4.50
0.12 0.35 1.40 5.00
0.14 0.40 1.60 5.50
0.16 0.45 1.80 6.00
0.18 0.50 2.00 6.50
0.20 0.55 2.30 7.00
0.22 0.62 2.60 7.50
0.24 0.70 2.90 8.00
0.26 0.80 3.20 8.50
0.28 0.90 3.50 9.00
0.30 1.00 4.00 10.0

5.4 Dimensional tolerances

5.4.1. The tolerance on diameter with respect to coating quality shall be in accordance
with Table 1 or Table 2.

TABLE 1 – Tolerance on diameter for all finishes other than galvanized wire

All values in millimetres


Maximum difference
Size of wire between two readings
(Diameter) of any two diameters
Tolerance at the same cross-
section
(1) (2) (3)

Over 0.200 to 0.260 ± 0.025 0.025

Over 0.260 to 0.550 ± 0.030 0.030

Over 0.55 to 1.60 ± 0.040 0.040

Over 1.60 to 5.50 ± 0.050 0.050

Over 5.50 ± 0.060 0.060

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TABLE 2 - Tolerance on diameter for galvanized wire

All values in millimetres


Tolerance on diameter
Nominal diameter
Class A and AB Class B, C and D
(1) (2) (3)
Up to 1.60 ± 0.08 ± 0.05
Over 1.60 to 2.60 ± 0.10 ± 0.07
Over 2.60 to 3.20 ± 0.11 ± 0.08
Over 3.20 to 5.00 ± 0.13 ± 0.10
Over 5.00 ± 0.15 ± 0.12

NOTE

It is recognized that the surface of zinc coating on wire, particularly those produced
by hot dipping, are not perfectly smooth or devoid of irregularities. If the diameter
tolerances shown in Table 2 are rigidly applied to such irregularities that are
inherent in the product, unjustified rejection may occur of coated wire, which is
actually satisfactory. Therefore, it is intended that these tolerances be used in
measuring the uniform areas of the zinc-coated wire.

5.5 Finish

The mild steel wire shall be supplied planed, galvanized or in any other special finish
to be agreed upon at the time of order.

5.5.1 Galvanizing

5.5.1.1 Coating mass

The minimum mass of zinc per unit area of surface shall comply with the
requirements of Table 3 for the appropriate class.

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TABLE 3 – Mass of Coating

Diameter (d) Classes *


A AB B C D
mm g/m2 g/m2 g/m2 g/m2 g/m2
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0.15 d< 0.20 -- - 15 -- 10
0.20 d< 0.25 30 20 20 20 15
0.25 d< 0.32 45 30 30 25 15
0.32 d< 0.40 60 30 30 25 15
0.40 d< 0.50 85 55 40 30 15
0.50 d< 0.60 100 70 50 35 20
0.60 d< 0.70 115 80 60 40 20
0.70 d< 0.80 130 90 60 45 20
0.80 d< 0.90 145 100 70 50 20
0.90 d< 1.00 155 110 70 55 25
0.10 d< 1.20 165 115 80 60 25
1.20 d< 1.40 180 125 90 65 25
1.40 d< 1.65 195 135 100 70 30
1.65 d< 1.85 205 145 100 75 30
1.85 d< 2.15 215 155 115 80 40
2.15 d< 2.50 230 170 125 85 45
2.50 d< 2.80 245 185 125 95 45
2.80 d< 3.20 255 195 135 100 50
3.20 d< 3.80 265 210 135 105 60
3.80 d< 4.40 275 220 135 110 60
4.40 d< 5.20 280 220 150 110 70
5.20 d< 8.20 290 110 80
8.20 d< 10.00 300 110 80

* The coating class with a designation starting with A relates to thick coatings (generally
final coating). Designation ending in B relate to classes usually but not always
obtained by (zinc coating) and subsequent drawing. Classes C and D are standard
classes for low mass coating which are usually produced but not exclusively,
produced by hot zinc dipping and then wiping.

5.5.1.2 Coating appearance


The coating shall be continuous and as smooth and evenly distributed as practicable.

5.5.2 Special finishes


If the purchaser requires a special finish or an exceptionally smooth and/or bright
finish, this is to be agreed at the time of inquiry and order.

5.5.3 Adhesion of coating

When tested in accordance with 7.6.1 the coating shall remain firmly adhered to the
steel base and shall not crack or flake when rubbed with the bare fingers. Loosening
or detachment during the test of superficial, small particles of zinc formed by
mechanical polishing of the surface of the zinc-coated wire shall not be considered a
cause for rejection.
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5.6 Defects

The mild steel wire shall be free from internal or surface defects likely to affect
adversely on its subsequent processing or / and use.

5.7 Tensile strength

When tested as specified in 7.3 the tensile strength of mild steel wire shall be in
accordance with Table 4.

TABLE 4 - Tensile strength

Galvanized
Finishes other than (supplied in soft
galvanized and hard conditions
Conditions only)
Tensile strength Tensile strength
N/mm2 N/mm2
(1) (2) (3)
Soft 310 to 430 310 to 660
¼ - Hard 430 to 540 -
½ - Hard 540 to 660 -
Hard 660 to 930 660 to 930

NOTE
Tensile strength shall be determined for the nominal diameter of the wire.

6 MARKING

Each coil or bundle shall be legibly marked with the following:

a) Type of wire (finish);


b) Diameter, in millimetres;
c) Mass, in kilograms;
d) Name or trade mark of manufacturer; and

NOTE

Attention is drawn to the certification marking facilities offered by the Sri Lanka
Standards Institution. See the inside back cover of this standard.

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7 METHODS OF TEST

7.1 Selection and preparation of samples and test pieces

The general conditions given in ISO 377 for the selection, preparation of samples and
test pieces shall apply.

7.2 Ageing

7.2.1 Material covered by this standard will in time exhibit changes in mechanical
properties after manufacture, particularly tensile strength and elongation. These
changes result from a phenomenon known as strain ageing or strain age hardening,
and lead to an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in elongation, compared to
the wire immediately after coating with zinc.

7.2.2 It is customary to carry out tests immediately after manufacture. At room


temperatures, strain ageing may proceed slowly. Therefore, results of test performed
by the purchaser, may be at variance with those reported by the supplier.

7.3 Tensile test

The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with SLS 978.

7.4 Wrapping test (for size below 5 mm in diameter)

The mild steel wire shall withstand without breaking or splitting when wrapped eight
times round its own diameter subsequently straightened. Wrapping and unwrapping
shall be done at a constant speed sufficiently slow to prevent any rise in temperature.

7.5 Bend test (for size 5 mm in diameter and above)

The mild steel wire shall withstand without breaking or splitting when bent through an
angle of 90o round a former of diameter equal to twice its own diameter.

7.6 Testing of zinc coating

7.6.1 Adhesion test

For mild steel wires of nominal diameter 7.5 mm and smaller, the adhesion of the zinc
coating shall be tested by wrapping the wire at least six close turns around a
cylindrical mandrel. The ratio of mandrel diameter to wire diameter shall be in
accordance with Table 5.

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TABLE 5 – The ratio of mandrel diameter to wire diameter


All values in millimetres
Wire diameter, (d)
Mandrel diameter
Over Up to and incl.
(1) (2) (3)
- 3.8 4d
3.8 10 5d

For mild steel wires over 7.5 mm nominal diameter, the wire shall be bent through an
angle of at least 900 around the mandrel the ratio of mandrel diameter to wire
diameter be in accordance with Table 5.

7.6.2 Determination of coating mass

The determination of the coating mass shall be carried out in accordance with one of
the following methods, to be agreed at the time of inquiry and order:

a ) the volumetric method described in Annex A; or


b ) the gravimetric method described in Annex B.

APPENDIX A
DETERMINATION OF MASS OF ZINC DEPOSITED PER UNIT
SURFACE AREAS
(VOLUMETRIC METHOD)

A.1 PRINCIPLE

The zinc coating of a test specimen of mild steel wire of given dimensions is
dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution. The mass of zinc so dissolved is determined
by measuring the volume of hydrogen released during dissolution of the coating (gas
volumetric method). By relating the mass of zinc determined in this way to the
surface area of the test specimen, measured after dissolving the coating, the mass of
zinc deposited per unit surface area is obtained.

A.2 REAGENTS

A.2.1 Hydrochloric acid solution, of suitable concentration.

A.2.2 Inhibitor, for example, hexamethylene tetramine (C6 H12 N4 ), antimony (III)
chloride (SbCl3 ) or antimony (III) oxide (Sb2 03 ).

A.3 APPARATUS

The apparatus used consists of the following elements (see Figure 1)

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SLS 139: 2003

A.3.1 Tube, graduated in millimetres at least, with a tap at each end.

A.3.2 Flask, with a nozzle near the bottom connected by a rubber tube to a nozzle
near the bottom of the graduated tube as shown in Figure 1

A.3.3 Beaker : for holding the test specimen after removal of the zinc coating.

FIGURE 1 – Apparatus for determination of coating mass (volumetric method)

A.4 PREPARAITON OF TEST SPECIMENS

After carefully straightening the samples of wire, test specimens shall be cut to a
length of

300 mm for wires less than 1.00 mm in diameter;


150 mm for wires 1.00 to 1.49 mm in diameter;
100 mm for wires 1.5 to 3 mm in diameter; and
50 mm for wires more than 3 mm in diameter.

Care shall be taken that these lengths are measured accurately.

A.5 PROCEDURE

With tap “b” closed, the graduated tube and part of the flask are filled with
hydrochloric acid solution (A.2.1) containing a suitable inhibitor (A.2.2).

The level of the liquid in the graduated tube (A.3.1) is raised to just under tap “a” by
raising the acid reservoir flask (A.3.2). The level in the tube and flask should be the
same.

After introducing the test specimen into the graduated tube through tap “a”, tap “a” is
closed and the hydrogen released by the action of the acid on the zinc coating is
accumulated in the upper part of the graduated tube.

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SLS 139: 2003

When hydrogen is no longer released, the flask is lowered in relation to the graduated
tube so as to bring the levels of the solution in the tube and in the flaks into the same
plane. The position of the meniscus of the liquid in the tube then indicates the volume
of hydrogen released.

The remaining part of the solution contained in the graduated tube is collected in the
flaks by placing the flask on a table and opening to “a”.

Tap “b” is then opened so that the test specimen can be extracted into the beaker
(A.3.3). The test specimen is washed and carefully wiped before measuring its length
and diameter.

The test is carried out on one test specimen at a time, the temperature in the tube
being held at 20 o C ± 2 o C.

A.6 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS

The result is determined after testing of all test specimens


The mass m, in grams per square metre, of zinc deposited per unit of surface area, is
given by the equation.

2 720 V
m= ----------
ð d.1

where,

d is the diameter, in millimetres, of the uncoated wire;

l is the length, in millimetres, of the test specimen;


V is mean volume, in millilitres, of hydrogen released during each of the test.

Where the barometric pressure is known to be outside the range 740 to 780 mmHg1),
the right-hand side of the equation above shall be multiplied by the factor p/760,
where p is the barometric pressure, in conventional millimetres of mercury.

In practice, tables allow the mass of zinc per square metre of the surface of the
uncoated wire to be read directly as a function of the diameter of the wire and the
volume of hydrogen released.

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SLS 139: 2003

APPENDIX B
DETERMINATION OF MASS OF ZINC DEPOISTED PER UNIT SURFACE
AREA
(GRAVIMETRIC METHOD)

B.1 PRINCIPLE

The zinc coating on surface of known area is dissolved in inhibited acid and the
resultant loss in mass is determined by weighing the test specimen before and after
and the coating is dissolved.

B.2 STRIPPING SOLUTION

Warning – Care must be exercised in handling the stripping solution in view of the
toxicity of antimony compounds.
Dissolve about 3.2 g of antimonous chloride (SbCl3 ) or 2 g of antimony (III) oxide
(Sb2 03 ) in 500 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (Q = 1.190 g/ml). Dilute this
solution with distilled water to 1 litre.

B.3 PROCEDURE

Where necessary, the test specimen shall be degreased with an organic solvent that
does not attach the coating, then dried.

Before stripping, the test specimen shall be weight to accuracy better than 1 % of the
presumed coating mass.

The quantity of stripping solution taken shall be measured to that at least 10 ml of


solution is available for each square centimetre of the surface of these test specimens.
The test specimen shall be completely immersed in the solution at room temperature
and left until the coating has completely dissolved. The end of the dissolution process
can be recognized by the cessation of the originally brisk evolution of hydrogen. The
test specimen shall then be rinsed running water and, if necessary, brushed to remove
any loose substances, which may be adhering to the surface, dipped in alcohol quickly
dried and again weighed to the previously stated accuracy.

The surface are A of the exposed surface shall then be determined, to an accuracy of
1%, by measuring the dimensions of the test specimen.

B.4 CALCULATION OF COATING MASS

The loss in mass m, ∆ m, in grams, is obtained from the equation

∆ m = m1-m2
where,
m1 is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen before stripping; and

m2 is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen after stripping.

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The mass per unit area, mA, in grams per square meter, of the coating is obtained,
form the equation.
∆m
mA= -------- 106
A
Where ∆ m is expressed in grams and A in square millimetres.

NOTE
With steel wire, it is often advantageous to calculate the mass per unit area mA of the
zinc coating in grams per square metre using the equation.
∆m
mA= 1960 x d x ------
m2

Where d is the diameter, in millimetres, of the wire after stripping and the density of
the steel is taken as 7 850 kg/m3 .

In this way, it is not necessary to know the length of the wire.

The reproducibility (different observers, different apparatus and different operating


conditions) is about ± 5% of the mean value.

APPENDIX C
COMPLIANCE OF A LOT

This sampling scheme shall be applied where compliance of a lot to the requirements
of this standard is to be assessed based on statistical sampling and inspection.

Where compliance with this standard is to be assured based on manufacture’s control


system coupled with type testing and check tests or any other procedure, appropriate,
scheme of sampling and inspection should adopt.

C.1 Lot – In any consignment, all the coils or bundles of wire of one size and
quality manufactured at the same place or on any one date shall be grouped
together to constitute a lot.

C.2 The number of coils or bundles to be examined from each lot for freedom
from defects specified in C.4, for tolerance in diameter, for mechanical
properties and for coating (in the case of coated wire) shall be in accordance
with Table 6, and coils or bundles shall be selected at random.

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TABLE 6-Number of coils or bundles to be selected and permissible number


table of defective coils or bundles

Number of coils or Number of coils bundles Permissible number of


bundles in the lot to be selected defective coils or
bundles
(1) (2) (3)
Up to 25 3 0
26 to 65 4 1
66 to 180 5 1
181 to 300 7 1
Above 300 10 2

C.3 From each of the coils or bundles selected as in C.2 test pieces shall be cut
from one end of a coil or length of wire, at a distance of not less than 60 cm
from the end, and shall be subjected to the tests specified in C.4.

C.4 Examination and tests

All the test pieces taken as in C.2 shall be examined for manufacturing
defects, diameter and then subjected to the other tests as follows:

(a) One test piece for Tensile Test (see 7.3)


(b) One test piece for Wrapping Test or Bend Test (see 7.4 and 7.5)
(c) One test piece for the determination of mass of coating per unit area
(see 7.6.2)

C.5 Conformity to standard

C.5.1 A coil or bundle selected as in C.2 shall be considered as conforming to


requirements of this standard if the test pieces from that coil or bundle pass all the
relevant tests given in C.4 depending on the finish.

C.5.2 The lot shall be considered as conforming to requirements of this standard if


the number of defective coils or bundles is less than the number given in Column 3 of
Table 6.

C.6 Repeat tests

C.6.1 Should any of the test pieces, first selected not fulfil the test requirements, two
additional test pieces in respect of each failure may be taken.

C.6.2 Should the additional test pieces pass the test, the coil or bundle represented sh
`all be accepted as conforming to this specification. If the re-test pieces fail the re-
test, the coil or the bundle represented by them shall be considered as not conforming
to this standard.

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AMD 405

AMENDMENT NO . 01 TO SLS 139 :2003


SRI LANKA STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR MILD STEEL WIRE FOR
GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES

SRI LANKA STANDARDS INSTITUTION

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AMD 405

Amendment No. 01 Approved on 2010-02-16 to SLS 139 : 2003

AMENDMENT NO . 01 TO SLS 139 : 2003


SRI LANKA STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR MILD STEEL WIRE FOR
GENERAL ENGINEERING PURPOSES

Clause 5.2

Delete the existing text and substitute with the following:

“The mild steel wire shall be cold drawn. It shall be cleanly drawn to the nominal
dimensions specified in 5.3 or as agreed by the purchaser. The physical properties shall
be as specified in Table 4 and shall be sound and free from splits, surface flaws and
scale.”

1
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Licensed by SLSI to TRANDEX GROUP
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