Subject: Physics

Grade Level: Grade 12

Objective: Apply Newton's 2nd law and kinetics to obtain quantitative and
qualitative conclusions about the velocity and acceleration of one or more
bodies, and the contact and non-contact forces acting on one or more bodies.

I. Before the Lesson / Pre-lesson Proper

Activating Prior Knowledge:

[Teaching Strategy:] Cooperative Learning

[Instructional Materials:] K-W-L chart, visuals of Newton's laws, and force

diagrams

Engaging Activity 1 - Brainstorming session on real-life applications of Newton's laws

in sports (e.g., how a soccer ball accelerates when kicked).

Engaging Activity 2 - Picture Analysis of various sports activities, focusing on forces

at play (e.g., a basketball shot, a skateboarder).

Engaging Activity 3 - Real-Life Scenario discussion about a car crash and the forces
involved.

Learning within the curriculum:

1) Mathematics - Understanding vectors and scalars, calculating net force, and

acceleration using formulas.

2) Physical Education - Analyzing motion in sports and how forces affect

performance and safety.
Learning across the curriculum:

1) Filipino - Writing reflections on the importance of physics in daily life, using proper
vocabulary.

2) Art - Creating visual representations of forces acting on objects in different

scenarios.

Establishing Lesson Purpose / Intention:

In this lesson, we will explore Newton's 2nd law of motion and how it relates to the
acceleration and velocity of objects. Understanding these concepts is essential for
analyzing real-world situations, such as sports, vehicle safety, and engineering
applications.

Lesson Language Practice/Unlocking of Difficulties:

Key Terms: force, mass, acceleration, velocity, Newton’s 2nd law, contact forces,
non-contact forces

Key Concepts:

Concept 1 - Newton’s 2nd Law: F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration).

Concept 2 - Types of Forces: Understanding the difference between contact forces

(friction, tension) and non-contact forces (gravity, magnetic).

II. During the Lesson Proper

Reading the Key Idea / Stem:

Newton's 2nd law states that the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of
the object and the amount of force applied.

Developing Understanding of the Key Idea / Stem:

Activity 1: "Force and Acceleration Investigation"

[Teaching Strategy:] Inquiry-Based Learning

Materials - Toy cars, weights, measuring tape, stopwatch

Significance - This hands-on activity allows students to observe the relationship

between force, mass, and acceleration.

Instructions -

1) In groups, students will use toy cars and weights to create different setups.

2) Measure the distance traveled by the car with varying weights and record the time
taken for each trial.

3) Calculate the acceleration and analyze how added mass affects the car's speed.

Rubric

- Accuracy of measurements - 10 pts.

- Data analysis and conclusions - 5 pts.

- Team collaboration - 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:

1) How did adding weight to the car affect its acceleration?

2) What relationship did you find between force, mass, and acceleration?

3) How does this experiment relate to real-world scenarios?

Activity 2: "Friction Experiment"

[Teaching Strategy:] Problem-Based Learning

Materials - Different surfaces (sandpaper, carpet, tile), toy cars, weights, ruler

Significance - Investigates the effect of different surfaces on friction and acceleration.

Instructions -

1) Set up different surfaces and measure the distance a toy car travels on each.

2) Add weights to the car and measure how far it travels on each surface.

3) Discuss how friction affects motion and relate it to everyday examples.

Rubric

- Quality of data collected - 10 pts.

- Understanding of friction concepts - 5 pts.

- Clarity of presentation - 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:

1) Which surface allowed for the most distance traveled?

2) How did friction affect the car's acceleration?

3) What practical applications can you think of regarding friction?

Inclusive Activity 3: "Force and Motion Role-Play"

[Teaching Strategy:] Experiential Learning

Materials - None

Significance - Engages students in understanding forces through physical activity.

Instructions -

1) Assign roles to students as different forces (gravity, friction, applied force).

2) Have them act out scenarios where they demonstrate how forces interact (e.g., a
ball being kicked).

3) Reflect as a class on how each force contributed to the motion observed.

Rubric

- Engagement in role-play - 10 pts.

- Understanding of forces demonstrated - 5 pts.

- Participation in discussion - 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:

1) What force did you represent, and how did it affect the motion?

2) How did the forces interact in your scenario?

3) Why is it important to understand these forces in real life?

Deepening Understanding of the Key Idea/Stem:

Activity: "Real-World Forces Analysis"

[Teaching Strategy:] Case Studies

Materials - Videos or articles on car crashes, sports physics, or engineering

applications

Significance - Encourages analysis of real-world situations using Newton's laws.

Instructions -

1) Watch a video or read an article on a specific case where forces are applied.

2) Discuss in groups how Newton's laws apply to the situation.

3) Present findings to the class, highlighting the forces involved and their effects.

Rubric

- Depth of analysis - 10 pts.

- Clarity of presentation - 5 pts.

- Group collaboration - 5 pts.

Assessment Questions:

1) What forces were most significant in the case you analyzed?

2) How did Newton's 2nd law apply?

3) What could be improved in terms of safety based on your understanding of

forces?

III. After the Lesson / Post-lesson Proper

Making Generalizations / Abstractions:

In summary, Newton's 2nd law provides a framework for understanding how forces
affect motion, velocity, and acceleration. Recognizing the types of forces at play
helps us analyze everyday scenarios, from sports to vehicle safety. The patterns
observed in experiments reinforce the critical relationship between force, mass, and
acceleration.

Supporting Material 1 - "Physics in Sports" by John Doe: Explores how physics

principles apply in various sports activities.
Supporting Material 2 - "The Science of Car Crashes" by Jane Smith: Discusses
the physics behind vehicle collisions and safety measures.

Assessment - Evaluating Learning:

[Teaching Strategy:] Think-Pair-Share

[Instructional Materials:] Worksheets for self-assessment and feedback.

Question 1 - What is the formula for calculating acceleration using Newton's 2nd
law?

Question 2 - How do contact and non-contact forces differ?

Question 3 - Provide an example of how Newton's 2nd law applies to a sport of your
choice.

H.O.T.S.:

Question 1 - How would a change in mass affect the acceleration of a vehicle during
a crash?

Answer 1 - A greater mass would result in less acceleration for the same force,
leading to more severe impacts.

Question 2 - If gravity is a non-contact force, how does it affect objects in motion on

Earth?

Answer 2 - Gravity pulls objects toward the Earth, affecting their velocity and
acceleration based on their mass.

Question 3 - How can understanding Newton's laws improve safety measures in

vehicles?

Answer 3 - By applying these laws, engineers can design vehicles that better absorb
impact forces, enhancing passenger safety.

Additional Activities for Application / Remediation:

Assignment 1 - "Physics in Action: Sports Analysis"

Guiding Overview for Teacher: Students will analyze a sport of their choice and
report on the physics involved, including forces and motion.

Assessment Question - What forces are at play in your chosen sport, and how do
they affect performance?

Assignment 2 - "Force Experiment at Home"

Guiding Overview for Teacher: Students conduct a simple experiment at home to

observe forces in action (e.g., rolling a ball down a ramp).

Assessment Question - Describe your experiment and the forces that influenced the
ball’s motion.

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