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Artificial Respiration

Respiration

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ivadu0402
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589 views3 pages

Artificial Respiration

Respiration

Uploaded by

ivadu0402
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

▪ Artificial respiration is required whenever there is an arrest of breathing, without


cardiac failure.

▪ Arrest of breathing occurs in the following conditions:


▪ Accidents
▪ Drowning
▪ Gas poisoning
▪ Electric shock
▪ Anesthesia.

▪ Stoppage of oxygen supply for 5 minutes causes irreversible changes brain tissues. So
artificial respiration must be started quickly without any delay.

▪ Methods of artificial respiration - two types:


1. Manual methods
2. Mechanical methods

MANUAL METHODS :
• Affected person must be provided with clear air.
• Clothes around neck and chest regions must be loosened.
• Mouth, face and throat should be cleared of mucus, saliva, foreign particles, etc.
• Tongue must be drawn forward & prevented from falling posteriorly,which may
cause airway obstruction.

Manual methods are of two types:


i. Mouth-to-mouth method
ii. Holger Nielsen method.

Mouth-to-mouth Method :
• Positioning the subject : Subject is kept in supine position over a firm surface
and the resuscitator kneels at the side of the subject.

• Open the airway :

• Head is tilted back by pushing down on the forehead

• Lift the lower jaw forward and upward with one hand
• Pinch the nostrils : Nostrils of the subject are closed with thumb and index finger
of the other hand.

• Create a seal : Place lips of resuscitator over mouth of the subject and make a seal.

• Give breaths: Resuscitator take a deep breath and exhales into the subject’s mouth
forcefully. Volume of exhaled air must be twice the normal tidal volume. (This
expands the subject’s lungs.)

• Observe for chest rise: While giving breaths observe whether subject’s chest rises
visibly.

• Repeat: If the chest rises, give a second breath. If the chest doesn’t rise, repeat the
head tilt, chin lift maneuver and give a second breath.

• After each breath, resuscitator lift his own mouth away, so that a passive expiration
occurs in the subject due to elastic recoil of the lungs.

• This procedure is repeated at a rate of 12 to 14 times a minute, till normal


respiration is restored.

• It is the most effective manual method because, carbon dioxide in expired air of
the resuscitator directly stimulates respiratory centers and facilitate the onset of
respiration.
Holger Nielsen Method or Back Pressure Arm Lift Method

• Subject is placed in prone position with head turned to one side.


• Hands of subject are placed under the cheeks with flexion at elbow joint and
abduction of arms at the shoulders.
• Resuscitator kneels beside the head of the subject.
• By placing the palm over theback of the subject, the resuscitator bends forward
with straight arms and applies pressure on the back of the subject.
• Weight of the resuscitator and pressure on back of the subject compresses his chest
and expels air from the lungs.
• Later, the resuscitator leans back and he draws the subject’s arm forward by
holding it just above elbow.
• This procedure causes expansion of thoracic cage and flow of air into the lungs.
• This procedure is repeated at the rate of 12 per minute, till the normal respiration is
restored.
MECHANICAL METHODS

• This method is necessary when the subject needs artificial respiration for long
periods.
• Mechanical methods are of two types:
i. Drinker method
ii. Ventilation method

Drinker Method :
• Machine used in this method - iron lung chamber or tank respirator.
• Equipment has an airtight chamber, made of iron or steel.
• Subject is placed inside this chamber with the head outside the chamber.
• Pressure inside the chamber is made positive & negative alternately by some pumps.
• When the pressure is negative in the chamber, the subject’s thoracic cage expands
andinspiration occurs
• When pressure becomes positive expiration occurs.
• Patient can survive up to one year using this method.

Ventilation Method :

• A rubber tube is introduced into the trachea of the patient through the mouth.
• By using a pump, air or oxygen is pumped with pressure intermittently.
• When air is pumped, inflation of lungs and inspiration occur.
• When it is stopped, expiration occurs and the cycle is repeated
• Equipment used for ventilation is called ventilator.

Ventilator is of two types:


1. Volume ventilator :
By volume ventilator, a constant volume of air is pumped into the lungs of patients
intermittently with minimum pressure.
2. Pressure ventilator :
By pressure ventilator, air is pumped into the lungs of subject with constant high
pressure.

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