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Putalisadak, Kathmandu
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Pre-Board Re-Examination 2080
sIff M !! k"0ff{ª\s M &% ^= s'g} b'O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . @×@Ö$
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ljljwtfleqsf] Pstf b]v]/ 5Ss k5{g\ . 3/]n' pTkfbg / :jfledfgL hLjgk4lt g} g]kfnsf] lrgf/L
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v_ cg'R5]baf6 b'O{cf]6f ;d:t zAb klxrfg u/L lju|x ug'{xf];\ / b'O{cf]6f låTj zAb klxrfg u/L lgdf{0f
æoxfF af; kfOG5 <Æ
k|lj|mof / bf]xf]l/Psf] c+z b]vfpg'xf];\ M
@= z'4 kf/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M #
;fyLx¿ cfcfˆgf] emf]nf af]s]/ cfP . 5/l5d]ssf ;fyLx¿ ePsfn] laxfg} xfdL af}4 rf]sdf e]nf
æTolx s'/fsf] t v";L 5 lxDdt lsg xf/LGYof] / c/], Ps ;fn ePg t csf]{ ;fn sxf hfnf ÛÆ
eof}F . ;;fgf s]6fs]6Lx¿ klg cfP5g\ . /df rf}aGbL / dlva'§] u'Go'df ;lhPsL lyOg\ . ;fGgfgL klg
#= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] zAbju{ klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M @
7'NbfOl;t xfdL;Fu hfg] eg]/ cfO5] .
clgn cfsfzlt/ kms]{/ 3G6f}F x]l//xg ;S5 t/ c?x¿ p;sf] cgf}7f] afgLnfO{ sxfF dg k/fpF5g\
u_ cg'R5]baf6 rf/cf]6f ;lGwo'St zAb klxrfg u/L ;lGw ljR5]b ug{'xf];\ M
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lxdfnL If]q k|fs[lts / ;fF:s[lts b'j} s'/fn] ;'Gb/ 5 . afx|} dlxgf lxpF kl//xg] oxfFsf] ef}uf]lns
$= b'j} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M @±@
jftfj/0f / gful/ssf] ;fdflhs efjgf plts} nf]enfUbf] 5 . uf]/]6f]df lxF8\b} u/]sf a6'jfnfO{
s_ tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 b'O{ b'O{ tT;d / cfuGt's zAb klxrfg ug'{xf];\
3/3/af6 ul/Psf] :jfut emg} dgdf]xs b]lvG5 . slxn]sfxLF hfg] bz{ssf nflu ;"of]{bosf] b[Zon]
hdfgf o:tf] cfO;Sof] ls k|];/df /fv]/ dg'ionfO{ l;NnL sfd u/fpg ;lsGg . OR5f nfu]g eg]
klg nf]EofpF5 g} .
cfhsf] dfG5] :ju{ hfg klg c:jLsf/ u5{ ..
&= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . $
v_ lbOPsf zAbx¿nfO{ zAbsf]zLo j|mddf ldnfO{ n]Vg'xf];\ M
s_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ k'lnª\u eP :qLlnª\u / :qLlnª\u eP k'lnª\udf kl/jt{g u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\
sdnf, csfn, ddtf, If]q
alxgL sIff !) df k9\5] . ljBfnodf pm 1fgL 5] . bfO klg k9\gdf p;nfO{ ;xof]u u5{ . bfOn]
%= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M #
lbgx'F k':tsfnodf a;]/ gofF s'/f l;S5 .
s_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 tLgcf]6f kfl/eflifs zAb klxrfg u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
v_ tnsf jfSonfO{ pRr cfb/df kl/jt{g ug'[xf];\ .
sf]/f]gf Ps ;ª\j|mfds /f]u xf] . s'kf]if0f ePsf dflg;df o; /f]usf hLjf0f'n] w]/} l56f] k|efj hdfpg
tF s'/} a'‰b}g;\ . p;n] vfgf klg vfPsf] 5}g . t}fn] p;nfO{ /fd|/L pkrf/ ul/g;\ . pm a]xf]; ePsf]
;S5g\ . o; efO/;sf s] slt k|hflt 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] tYofª\s xfn;Dd klg cf}iflw lj1fgn]
lyof] .
klxrfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
*= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $
v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb, Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L jfSodf
s_ lbOPsf] jfSonfO{ s/0f eP cs/0f / cs/0f eP s/0fdf kl/jt{g u/L cg'R5]b k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M
k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
p;sf] :jefj /fd|f] 5 . p;nfO{ ;a}n] dg k/fpF5g\ . pm ldlxg]tL klg 5 . pm hLjgdf kSs} ;kmn
x'G5 xf]nf .
v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ ;ª\ult ldnfO{ k'gn]{vg ug{'xf];\ M dfq ug]{ u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . jf:tjdf ljsf;zLn d'n'sdf x/]s k|sf/sf]
;'Gtnfx¿ cldnf] 5g\ . xfdLn] ;'Gtnf vfPF . efO / alxgLn] klg ;'Gtnf vfof] . ltdL klg vfcf] x} u}/cfly{s ;+:s[lt k|an ¿kdf ljBdfg x'G5 .
. k|Zgx¿ M
(= b'j} k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $±$ s_ …ljsf;zLnÚ zAbsf] cy{ s] xf] <
s_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L cGTodf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -cf_ ljsf; ePsf] -cf_ ljsf;df km8\sf] df/]sf] -O_ ul/a -O{_ qmdzM ljsl;t x'Fb} uPsf
cfwf/e"t ¿kdf cg'R5]b b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ – cfTdk/s cg'R5]b / j:t'k/s cg'R5]b . v_ >dsf] k"lt{df kfg]{ k|efj s] s] x'g\ <
o;nfO{ k|:t'lt jf z}nLsf cfwf/df ul/g] juL{s/0f klg dflgG5 . cfTdk/s cg'R5]bdf n]vssf] -c_ Hofnfsf] b/ / k};f -cf_ ;f+:s[lts / dgf]j}1flgs -O_ ;fdflhs / cfly{s -O{_ Jofj;flos /
ljrf/ jf cg'e"ltnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOG5 . o;df n]vsn] s'g} j:t', 36gf jf efjdflysf cfˆgf lghL k|zf;lgs {
ljrf/x¿ /fVb5 . n]vsn] /fv]sf o:tf ljrf/x¿dfly kf7s ;xdt x'g klg ;S5 / gx'g klg ;S5 . u_ s] sf/0fn] kl/jf/sf JolSt 3/leq /xg ?rfpF5g\ <
o; lsl;dsf] cg'R5]bsf] b[li6laGb' k|foh;f] k|yd k'?iffTds x'G5 . j:t'k/s cg'R5]bdf n]vsn] -c_ ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ k|0ffnL -cf_ Psn kl/jf/ k|0ffnL -O_ l;kd"ns sfo{ k|0ffnL -O{_ a]/f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf
tYox¿dfly a9L hf]8 lbPsf] x'G5 . j:t', 36gf jf efjsf] cg'R5]b tof/ kfg]{ l;nl;nfdf 3_ …>dzlQmÚ s:tf] zAb xf] .
n]vs ;fdfGo ;Tox¿dfly lge{/ /xg' tYodfly hf]8 lbg' xf] . o:tf tYox¿ k|fozM ;a}sf -c_ pk;u{ Jo'TkGg -cf_ k|Too Jo'TkGg -O_ ;d:t zAb -O{_ låTj zAb
nflu :jLsfo{ x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] cg'R5]bsf] b[li6laGb' d"ntM t[tLo k'?iffTds x'G5 . pk;+xf/df s] !)= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 rf/cf]6f a'Fbf l6kL Ps t[tLof+zdf ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ @×@ Ö $
k|:6 x'G5 eg] ljrf/ k|wfg /rgf cfTdk/s / tYo k|wfg /rgf j:t'k/s x'G5 . t/ Pp6} cg'R5]bdf dflg;nfO{ rflxg] j:t', 1fglj1fg, k|ljlw, k'FhL, >d cflb ;a} 7fpFdf ;dfg ¿kdf kfOFb}gg\ . cfhsf]
klg ljrf/ / tYosf] pkl:ylt x'g ;S5 . dflg;sf] c;Lldt OR5f / cfjZostfx¿sf] kl/k"lt{ Pp6} 7fpF / Pp6} b]zaf6 ;Dej 5}g . sfd
k|Zgx¿ M x'g] 7fpFdf sfd ug{] dflg; x'Fb}gg\ . sxLF dflg;x¿ x'G5g\, sfd x'Fb}g / a]/f]huf/ a:g'kg{] x'G5 .
s_ cfwf/e"t ¿kdf cg'R5]b slt lsl;dsf x'G5g\ < ljZjJofkLs/0f;Fu} oL ;d:of ;dfwfg x'Fb} 5g\ . cfh nfvf}F g]kfnLx¿ ;+;f/sf ljleGg d'n'sdf sfd
v_ s:tf] cg'R5]bnfO{ cfTdk/s cg'R5]b elgG5 < ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo sfdbf/ dfq xf]Og, pRr af}l4s tyf k|fljlwssf ;fy;fy} 7'N7'nf pBf]uklt,
u_ cg'R5]bdf j:t'k/s ljifonfO{ s;/L j0f{g ul/Psf] x'G5 < Jofkf/L / nufgLstf{sf ¿kdf ;d]t g]kfnLx¿ ;+;f/e/ :yflkt x'Fb} 5g\ . cfh g]kfnsf] s'n
3_ cfTdk/s cg'R5]b / j:t'k/s cg'R5]blarsf] d'Vo cGt/ s] xf] < cfDbfgLsf] Ps rf}yfOeGbf a9L lx:;f j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfpg] /]ld6\ofG;n] wfg]sf] 5 . of] ;a}
v_ tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M ljZjJofkLs/0faf6 ;Dej ePsf] xf] .
ljsf;zLn d'n'ssf cfˆg} ;f+:s[lts d"No tyf dfGotf x'G5g\ . o:tf d'n'sdf hgtfn] cg'Tkfbs !!= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $
If]qdf art ug]{ / cfˆgf] Ifdtf eP klg geP klg cgfjZos vr{ ug]{ ub{5g\ . o:tf] ;dfhsf] s_ cfkm\gf] ufpFkflnsfdf /x]sf] :yfgLo :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] ef}lts ;+/rgf cToGt hL0f{ eO;Sbf klg
k|zf;lgs 9fFrf klg k/Dk/fut lsl;dsf] x'G5 . o;y{ k|fozM o:tf d'n'sdf ;+o'St kl/jf/ k|0ffnL To;sf] k'glg{df{0f / gofF ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf rf;f] gb]lvPsf ljifodf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ Wofgfsif{0f
tyf hfltk|yfsf] cl:tTj klg ljBdfg x'g] x'Fbf o:tf] ;dfhdf >dzlQmnfO{ Jofj;flos ultzLntf u/fpg] p2]Zon] s'g} /fli6«o :t/sf] klqsfsf ;DkfbsnfO{ n]lvg] lr7Lsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
k|bfg ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . >dsf] k"lt{df Hofnfsf] b/n] eGbf klg cGo ;f+:s[lts tyf dgf]j}1flgs v_ ?3fvf]sLaf6 aRgsf nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ ;fjwfgL;DaGwL ljifonfO{ ;d]6L :jf:Yo dGqfno, hg:fª\Vof
sf/0fn] a9L k|efj kf/]sf x'G5g\ . ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ k|0ffnL ePsfn] kl/jf/sf JolStdf 3/leq g} /xg ljefun] tof/ kfg]{ ;"rgfsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
?rfpg] k|j[lQ a9L x'G5 . cem sltko l;kd"ns sfo{ ljleGg hflt, ju{, wd{ tyf lnª\usf cfwf/df !@= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $
lgwf{l/t ePsf x'G5g\ . g]kfndf kmnfdsf] sfd ug]{, 5fnfsf] sfd ug]{ tyf n'uf l;pg] sfd k/Dk/fut s_ …a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f / z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:ofÚ zLif{sdf sDtLdf !%) zAb;Ddsf] l6Kk0fL n]Vg'xf];\ .
¿kdf s'g} Ps hflt ljz]if;Fu dfq ;DalGwt ePsf] / Nofl6g cd]l/sfdf sk8f a'Gg] sfd dlxnfn]
v_ tkfO{+sf] :s'ndf dgfOPsf] ;/:jtL k"hf sfo{qmdsf] dxTjk"0f{ ljifonfO{ ;d]6L Pp6f k|ltj]bg eg] xfd|} cl:tTj ;ª\s6df k5{ . xfnsf lbgdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ljifodf ljz]if u/]/ jfo'd08n
n]Vg'xf];\ . k|b"if0fsf sf/0f k[YjL ;tx ck|Tofl;t 9ª\un] tfTg] qmdnfO{ lnP/ ljz]if rf;f] / lrGtf xfd|f] ;fd'
!#= g]kfnL ljBfyL{x¿ k9\gsf nflu ljb]z hfg] k|rngnfO{ s;/L cGTo ug{ ;lsPnf < sDtLdf !@% t]l;{Psf] 5 .
zAb;Dddf cfˆgf] k|ltlqmof n]Vg'xf];\ . $ k|Zgx¿ M
!$= s'g} b'O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M $×@Ö* -c_ k[YjL g} ;a}sf] ;femf 3/ xf], s;/L <
s_ lbOPsf] sljtf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -cf_ jfo'd08n k|b"if0fsf sf/0f k[YjLsf] ;tx ck|Tofl;t 9ª\un] tfTg] qmdnfO{ lnP/ lsg rf;f] / lrGtf
s'g kxf8n] s'g vf]nfn] ltd|f] ult 5]s]Yof] / a9]sf] 5 <
jL/ k'vf{ Û s'g cfFwLn] ltd|f] ofqf /f]s]Yof] / !%= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . *
u?8sf] em}F j]u ltd|f] s'g cfsfzn] afFWg ;Sof] s_ ……;f+:s[lts ¿kdf Gofok"0f{ ;dfhn] dfq ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5 .ÚÚ ljj]rgf ug'{xf]; \
kf}/vn] /Rof} g]kfn Û kxf8 t/fO{ h'6\g ;Sof] . v_ cfˆgf] 3/df a:g cfOk'u]sf] ofqLsf nflu ;fgLn] u/]sf] bL3{ k|tLIff tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nfUof], syfsf
k|Zgx¿ M cfwf/df n]Vg'xf];\ .
-c_ g]kfnLx¿sf] s:tf] kf}/vn] g]kfnsf] /rgf ePsf] xf] < !^= s'g} Ps zLif{sdf @%) zAbdf g36fO{ lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M *
-cf_ sljtf+zsf cfwf/df xfd|f jL/ k'vf{sf] uf}/j ufyfsf] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ . s= d]/f] b]z M d]/f] klxrfg
v_ tnsf] hLjgL c+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ v= ljsf; / o'jf
of]udfof n}ª\lus lje]bsf] klg s6\6/ lj/f]wL lyOg\ . pgL afnljjfxsf] ljkIfdf plelGyg\ t/ u= j}b]lzs /f]huf/
:j}lR5s ljwjf ljjfxsf] ;dy{g uly{g\ . ;tLk|yf / bf;k|yfsf] 3f]/ lj/f]w uly{g\ . sfg'gL ¿kdf
;tLk|yf t klxNo} pGd"ng ePsf] elgP klg Jojxf/df To; ;do;Dd k|rlnt g} lyof] . lj=;+=
!(*@ df bf;k|yf cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff x'Fbf pgL cToGt xlif{t eOg\ . rGb|;d;]/sf o:tf sfo{sf]
v'n]/} k|z+;f ul/g\ . pgL tTsfnLg Goflos kl/kf6Lsf] lj/f]wL lyOg\ . pgL ;dfhsf 7'nfa8f
;fx'dxfhgn] ul/asf] 9f8 ;]Sg] u/L Aofh nufpg] rngsf] lgGbf uly{g\ . lbFbf ;fgf] kfyL / lnFbf
7'nf] kfyL k|of]u ug]{ ;fx'dxfhgsf] pgL v'a lj/f]w uly{g\ . ul/ab'MvLn] lg;fkm gkfpg], dxf/fh
b/af/aflx/ cfP/ gx]g]{, ljrf/Ln] pN6f] lg;fkm lbg] s'/fsf] lgGbf uly{g\ .
k|Zgx¿ M
-c_ of]udfofn] rGb|;d;]/sf] k|z+;f lsg u/]sL x'g\ <
-cf_ of]udfof tTsfnLg Goflos k|0ffnLk|lt lsg c;xdt lyOg\ <
u_ tnsf] lgaGwf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
ljxª\ud b[li6n] ljrf/ ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ k[YjL Pp6f 3/ xf], u[x xf] . oxfF hn, :yn, jfo', cfsfz / t]h
-k|sfz_ oL kfFr tTTj -k~rtTTj_ sf lar hnr/, :ynr/, ger/ / ;a} r/fr/ cfˆgf] hLjg
latfpFb5g\ . k[YjLnfO{ 5f]8]/ cGo u|xdf hLjfTdfsf] cl:tTj e]l6Psf] 5}g . To;}n] xfdL ;a}n] oxLF
afFRg'k5{, oxLF dg'{k5{ . of] l;jfo c¿ hfg] 7fpF 5}g . k[YjLsf] kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLnfO{ layf]lnlbof}F