CODE/NAME OF THE LAB: 22EEP101 – PRODUCT TINKERING LABORATORY

DEPARTMENT :

YEAR/SEM : I/I

Certified that this is a bonafide record of work done by with

Register No. of

Department in the laboratory during the academic

year 2023-24

Signature of the Lab-Incharge Head of the Department

Submitted for the practical examination held on (FN/AN)

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 INDEX

EXP. PAGE
NO. DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT MARKS NO. STAFF SIGN.

1 Maintenance of Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning System
2 General maintenance of two wheelers

3 Usage of Screw Jack in 4-wheeler

maintenance
4 Drilling Machine

5 Centrifugal Pump
 COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C

22EEP101 PRODUCT TINKERING LABORATORY 0 0 2 1

Course Educational Objectives:

Students undergoing this course will be exposed to the:

 Hands on practical training, maintenance and troubleshooting on mechanical and electrical appliances in day-
to-day life.

 Analyze single phase and three phase residential building wiring (Energy meter, fuse, earthing)

 Understand the internal structure and layout of the computer system.

 Learn to diagnose minor problems with the computer functioning.

 Know the proper usage and threats of the World Wide Web.

Course Outcomes:
Upon the successful completion of the course, learners will be able to

CO No. Course Outcomes

CO1 Students will able to understand domestic wiring procedures practically.

CO2 Students are capable of assembling a personal computer, and can perform installation of
system software like MS Windows and required device drivers.

CO3 Students can detect and perform minor hardware and software level troubleshooting.

CO4 Capacity to work on Internet & World Wide Web and make effective usage of the internet for
academics.
I. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
1. Maintenance of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System
2. General maintenance of two wheelers
3. Usage of Screw Jack in 4-wheeler maintenance
4. Drilling Machine
5. Centrifugal Pump.

II. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. Fluorescent lamp wiring
2. Residential house wiring using UPS
3. Troubleshoot in ceiling fan
4. Troubleshoot in Iron Box
5. Stabilizer
6. Calling Bell

III. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

1. Troubleshooting techniques in Television (CRT & LED)
2. Troubleshooting techniques in mobile phone (Mic, Speaker, display, antenna, etc., )
3. Troubleshooting hardware problems in Personal computer
4. Troubleshooting techniques in Printer / scanner

IV. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR COMPUTER PERIPHERALS STUDY

1. PC hardware identification of the peripherals of a computer
2. Hardware Troubleshooting
3. Software Troubleshooting
4. Internet: Web Browsers, Access of websites, Surfing the Web

V. LIST OF EXPERIMENTS FOR BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT

1. Assembly and dismantle of Electrocardiogram (ECG)
2. Assembly and dismantle of ventilator.
3. Assembly and dismantle of Doppler Ultra sound Scanner.
MECHANICAL EXPERIMENTS
 MAINTENANCE OF REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Ex.No.01
Date:

AIM:
Study of simple Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) and its components.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To study various Components of Vapour Compression Refrigeration
2. System (VCRS) like Compressor, Condenser, Evaporator and Expansion device.
3. To study effect of sub cooling and superheating on the performance of VCRS.
4. To Study the effect of varying the suction and discharge pressure on the performance ofVCRS.

THEORY:
Mainly there are four components in VCRS.
(1) Evaporator (2) Compressor (3) Condenser (4) Expansion Device.
First the refrigerant is compressed adiabatically in the compressor. The pressure and temperature of the
refrigerant will increase. Then refrigerant will enter in the Condenser. Heat will be rejected from the
refrigerant to the atmosphere in Condenser at constant pressure. Then, therefrigerant will enter in expansion
device where expansion takes place which result in reductionof temperature and pressure of refrigerant. This
low temperature refrigerant will enter into evaporator and by its evaporation cooling will be produced at
constant pressure. The heat absorbed in evaporator is termed as Refrigeration effect. This low temperature
refrigerant vaporenters in compressor and cycle is repeated.
AIM:
To Study different Air-conditioning systems
1. Window Air-conditioner
2. Split Air-conditioner
3. Dessert Cooler.
4. Air-washer
OBJECTIVES:
1. To study and understand different commercial air-conditioning systems.
2. To study window A.C and split A.C in house hold applications.
3. Comparison of window A.C and Split A.C.
4. Application and processes of air-washer.
THEORY:
The most common type of air conditioning that we see is technically referred to as direct expansion,
mechanical, vapor-compression refrigeration system. Like a Refrigerator The goal with air conditioning is to
capture heat in the house and throw it outside. One of the ways we can think about it is to look at a
refrigerator. If we can keep the temperature inside your refrigerator at about 40°F and it is 70°F in the kitchen,
somehow, we are taking heat out of thatcool air and dumping it into a kitchen that is warmer.

Central air conditioning and refrigerators operate on exactly the same principle. The process works
something like this. The Coils We have two coils similar to the radiator in a car: one inside the house and one
outside. We put something cold through the coil inside the house and then blow warm house air across the
coil, so the coil can grab heat from the house air. This cools the house. We want to take that heat in the coil
outside and dump it into the outdoor air.

In Split type air-conditioning system, the working principle as well as the main components are same
like window air-conditioner but the difference is that the condenser and compressor in split a.c are outside the
room in order to make the conditioned room more silent. Only insulated transfer line is provided to handle the
refrigerant to transfer from evaporator to condenser. An evaporative cooler (also swamp cooler, desert cooler,
and wet air cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative cooling differs
from typical air conditioning systems which use vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycles.
Evaporative cooling works by employing water's large enthalpy of vaporization.
The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquid water to water
vapor, which requires much less energy than refrigeration. In extremely dry climates, it also has the added
benefit of conditioning the air with more moisture for the comfort of occupants. Unlike refrigeration, it requires
a water source, and must continually consume water to operate.

Air-Conditioning Systems

RESULT:

1. Study of simple Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) and its components.
2. To Study different Air-conditioning system
 GENERAL MAINTENANCE OF TWO WHEELERS
Ex.No.02
Date:

AIM:
To study and prepare report on the constructional details, working principles and operationof two wheelers.
CHECK ITEMS:
 Basic engine components
 Engine oil
 Ignition system Battery
 Engine oil filter
 Fuel and Emission Control Pre- Filter
 Water sediment filter Air cleaner filter Chassis and Body Brake pedal
 Brake pads and discs
 Brake linings & brake drums Clutch
 Steering fluid
 Ball joints and dust covers Tyres and inflation pressures Lights, horns
 Steering wheel linkage & gear box oil etc.
TOOLS & EQUIPMENTS
 Screw driver
 Hammer
 Spanner
 Pliers
 Ring spanner
 Hand reamer
 Mallets (wooden/plastic)
 Oil can
 Cleaning Tray
 Tyre Pressure gauge
 Carburetors of motor cycles
 Portable electric drill
 Battery charger 6v- 18 v
 Spark plug cleaner and tester
PROCEDURE FOR BRAKE ADJUSTMENT:
 Raise the vehicle until the wheels are off the floor.
 With a wrench loosen the locknut for the forward brake shoe and hold it.
 With another wrench turns the eccentric towards the front of the vehicle until the wheel turn freely.
 While turning the wheel one hand, release the eccentric until the wheel turn freely. Hold the eccentric
in position and fasten the locknut.
 Repeat this operation to adjust the reverse shoe but only turn the eccentric towards the back of the
vehicles.
REMOVAL AND FITTING OF TYRE AND TUBE:
The procedure for the removal and fitting of tyre and tube is as below:
1. Loosen the wheel nuts of tyre to be removed.
2. Remove the wheel after removing the wheel nuts.
3. Keep the wheel flat on ground and deflate it after removing valve with valve die.
4. Hammer the tyre at shoulder so that its bead is free from rim on both sides.
5. Press tyre lever between bead of tyre and rim flange.
6. Take another tyre lever; press it in the same way a little apart from the first lever.
7. Now press both levers down. By doing so some portion of tyre bead will come out of rim.
8. Pull out first lever and insert it again at some distance away from the second lever. Press it down.
9. Now go on changing the lever till tyre is out of the rim completely.
10. When one bead of tyre is out take out the tube after unscrewing valve body securing nut.
11. If tyre is to be completely replaced, proceed in the same way to remove the second bead.
12. In case, only tube is to be replaced, fix up the new tube.
13. Finally replace the tyre with caution using the levers and inflate it to correct pressure.
 Figure 1 Four Stroke Petrol Engine Cycle Operation

RESULT:

To study and prepare report on the constructional details, working principles and operation of two wheelers.
 USAGE OF SCREW JACK IN 4-WHEELER MAINTENANCE
Ex.No: 03
Date:

AIM:
To study the simple hydraulic jack and scissor screw jack and to find out Mechanical applications.

INTRODUCTION:

A screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw mechanism used to raise or lower the load. The
principle on which the screw jack works is similar to that of an inclined plane. There are mainly two types
of jacks-hydraulic and mechanical. A hydraulic jack consists of a cylinder and piston mechanism. The
movement of the piston rod is used to raise or lower the load. Mechanical jacks can be either hand operated
or power driven.

Jacks are used frequently in raising cars so that a tire can be changed. A screw jack is commonly used
with cars but is also used in many other ways, including industrial machineryand even airplanes. They can be
short, tall, fat, or thin depending on the amount of pressure they will be under and the space that they need
to fit into. The jack is made out of various types of metal, but the screw itself is generally made out of lead.

OPERATION:

The jack can be raised and lowered with a metal bar that is inserted into the jack. The operator turns
the bar with his hands in a clockwise direction. This turns the screw inside the jack and makes it go up. The
screw lifts the small metal cylinder and platform that are above it. As the jack goes up, whatever is placed
above it will raise as well, once the jack makes contact. The bar is turned until the jack is raised to the level
needed. To lower the jack the bar is turned in the opposite direction. An automatic screw jack has gears
inside the jack that are connected to the screw. Theses gears are connected by other gears and bars that are
turnedby a power source to raise and lower the jack.
FUNCTION:

The basic function of a screw jack is to lift a portion of a vehicle. Typically, this is usedto change a
tire although other maintenance is sometimes performed.
TYPES:

Jacks are of mainly two types- mechanical and hydraulic. They vary in size dependingon the
load that they are used to lift.

OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS OF A SCREW JACK:

 Maintain low surface contact pressure

Increasing the screw size and nut size will reduce thread contact pressure for the same
working load. The higher the unit pressure and the higher the surface speed, the more
rapid the wear will be.
 Maintain low surface speed
Increasing the screw head will reduce the surface speed for the same linear speed.
 Keep the mating surfaces well lubricated
The better the lubrication, the longer is the service life. Grease fittings or other
lubrication means must be provided for the power screw and nut.
 Keep the mating surfaces clean
Dirt can easily embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a file and abrade themating
screw surface. The soft nut material backs away during contact leaving the hard dirt particles
to scrap away the mating screw material.
 Keep heat away
When the mating surfaces heat up, they become much softer and are more easily worn
away. Means to remove the heat such as limited duty cycles or heat sinks mustbe provided
so that rapid wear of over-heated materials can be avoided.

Result:
To study the simple hydraulic jack and scissor screw jack and to find out Mechanical applications.
 DRILLING MACHINE
Ex.No.04
Date:

AIM:
Study of drilling machine and its various components.
INTRODUCTION
Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop. It was designed to produce
a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth on metal workpieces. Though holes can be made by
different machine tools in a shop, drilling machine is designed specifically to perform the operation of
drilling and similar operations. Drilling can be done easily at a low cost in a shorter period of time in a
drilling machine. Drilling can be called as the operation of producing a cylindrical hole of required
diameter and depth by removing metal by the rotating edges of a drill. The cutting tool known as drill is
fitted into the spindle of the drilling machine. A mark of indentation is made at the required location
with a centre punch. The rotating drill is pressed at the location and is fed into the work. The hole can be
made upto a required depth.
CONSTRUCTION OF A DRILLING MACHINE
The basic parts of a drilling machine are a base, column, drill head and spindle. The base made of cast
iron may rest on a bench, pedestal or floor depending upon the design. Larger and heavy duty machines
are grounded on the floor. The column is mounted vertically upon the base. It is accurately machined
and the table can be moved up and down on it. The drill spindle, an electric motor and the mechanism
meant for driving the spindle at different speeds are mounted on the top of the column. Power is
transmitted from the electric motor to the spindle through a flat belt or a ‘V’ belt. 2.3
TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINES
Drilling machines are manufactured in different types and sizes according to the type of operation,
amount of feed, depth of cut, spindle speeds, method of spindle movement and the required accuracy.
The different types of drilling machines are:
1. Portable drilling machine (or) Hand drilling machine
2. Sensitive drilling machine (or) Bench drilling machine
3. Upright drilling machine
4. Radial drilling machine
5. Gang drilling machine
6. Multiple spindle drilling machine
7. Deep hole drilling machine
PORTABLE DRILLING MACHINE (HAND DRILLING MACHINE)
Hand drilling machine
Portable drilling machine can be carried and used anywhere in the workshop. It is used for drilling holes
on workpieces in any position, which is not possible in a standard drilling machine. The entire drilling
mechanism is compact and small in size and so can be carried anywhere. This type of machine is widely
adapted for automobile built-up work. The motor is generally universal type. These machines can
accommodate drills from 12mm to 18 mm diameter. Portable drilling machines are operated at higher
speeds refer in various parts of hand drilling machine in Fig.2.
Upright drilling machine
It is designed for drilling small holes at high speeds in light jobs. High speed and hand feed are
necessary for drilling small holes. The base of the machine is mounted either on a bench or on the floor
by means of bolts and nuts. It can handle drills upto 15.5mm of diameter. The drill is fed into the work
purely by hand. The operator can sense the progress of the drill into the work because of hand feed. The
machine is named so because of this reason. A upright drilling machine consists of a base, column,
table, spindle, drill head and the driving mechanism. A upright driling machine is shown in Fig. 1

Figure 2 Upright Drilling machine

 Figure 2 Hand Drilling Machine

Result:
To Study the drilling machine and its various components.
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

EX.NO.05
Date:

AIM:
Study of centrifugal pump and its various components.
INTRODUCTION
Purpose: To lift the liquid to the required height.
Pump: A hydraulic machine which converts mechanical energy of prime mover (Motors,
I.C. Engine) into pressure energy

Fig.Classification of Pumps

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: Mechanical energy of motor is converted into pressure energy

by means of centrifugal force acting on the fluid.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP COMPONENTS:
1. Impeller: A wheel with series of backward curved vanes.
2. Casing: Air tight chamber surrounding the impeller.
3. Suction Pipe: One end is connected in eye and other is dipped in a liquid.
4. Delivery pipe: One end is connected to eye, other to overhead tank.
5. Foot valve: Allow water only in upward direction.
6. Strainer: Prevent the entry of foreign particle/material to the pump
WORKING OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
When a certain mass of fluid is rotated by an external source, it is thrown away from the central axis
of rotation and centrifugal head is impressed which enables it to rise to a higher level.
1. The delivery valve is closed and pump is primed i.e. suction pipe, casing and portion of delivery
pipe up to the delivery valve are completely filled with water so that no air pocket is left.
2. Keeping the delivery valve is closed the impeller is rotated by motor, strong suction is created at
the eye.
3. Speed enough to pump a liquid when is attained delivery valve is opened. Liquid enter the impeller
vane from the eye, come out to casing.
4. Impeller action develops pressure energy as well as velocity energy.
5. Water is lifted through delivery pipe upto required height.
6. When pump is stopped, delivery valve should be closed to prevent back flow from reservoir.

Result:
To Study the centrifugal pump and its various components.