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Psychology Revision Work

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54 views6 pages

Psychology Revision Work

Uploaded by

owenmuthende
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PSYCHOLOGY REVISION WORK

1.Explain the following terms 15

a) Psychology

b) Educational psychology

c) development Psychology

d) Clinical Psychology

e) social psychology

2. In what ways does the study of educational psychology enable the


teachers perform their work.

3. How would the id, the ego and super ego of personality influence the
behavior of a teacher

4. Characterize the following personality

a) Extrovert

b) Introvert

5 a)Write short notes on the following

I) Growth

II) Development

III) Maturation

b) using relevant examples and illustrations,, distinguish between growth


and development

6 Explain the fundamental Principles of growth and development

7a) What are some the behavioral consequences of the physical


development during adolescence

b) What would be the role of the teacher in regard to behavior?

8 What are the characteristics of various stages of cognitive development?

Sure! Here’s a detailed explanation of the terms and concepts you’ve asked
about.
1. Definitions

a) Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. It encompasses


various aspects of human experience, including thoughts, emotions,
motivations, and actions. Psychologists explore how individuals perceive the
world, interact with others, and make decisions.

b) Educational Psychology

Educational psychology focuses on how people learn and the best practices
to teach them. It examines the psychological factors that influence learning
environments, including motivation, cognitive development, and the impact
of teaching methods on student performance.

c) Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology studies the psychological growth and change that


occurs throughout a person’s life. It investigates how individuals develop
cognitively, emotionally, socially, and physically from infancy to old age.

d) Clinical Psychology

Clinical psychology involves the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of


mental health disorders. Clinical psychologists apply psychological principles
to help individuals manage and overcome psychological challenges and
improve their well-being.

e) Social Psychology

Social psychology examines how individuals influence and are influenced by


others. It focuses on social interactions, group dynamics, attitudes, and
behavior in social contexts, exploring themes such as conformity, aggression,
and altruism.
2. Role of Educational Psychology for Teachers

The study of educational psychology enables teachers to:

- **Understand Learning Styles:** Recognize that students have different


ways of learning and adjust their teaching methods accordingly.

- **Enhance Motivation:** Use psychological principles to motivate students


and foster a positive learning environment.

- **Address Individual Needs:** Identify and support students with diverse


learning needs, including those with learning disabilities.

- **Improve Classroom Management:** Utilize strategies based on


psychological theories to manage classroom behavior effectively.

- **Implement Assessment Techniques:** Understand how to assess


students’ learning and apply feedback constructively.

3. Influence of Id, Ego, and Superego on Teacher Behavior

- **Id:** Represents primal urges and desires. A teacher influenced by the id


might act impulsively, leading to unprofessional behavior in the classroom.

- **Ego:** Acts as the mediator between the id and reality. A teacher with a
strong ego can balance personal desires with professional responsibilities,
making rational decisions that benefit students.

- **Superego:** Represents moral standards and ideals. A teacher influenced


by the superego may prioritize ethical considerations, striving to set a good
example and promote integrity among students.

4. Personality Characteristics

a) Extrovert

Extroverts are outgoing, social, and energized by interactions with others.


They thrive in group settings, enjoy engaging in conversations, and often
take the initiative in social situations.

b) Introvert
Introverts are more reserved and prefer solitary activities or small group
interactions. They recharge by spending time alone and may find large social
gatherings draining. They often reflect deeply before speaking.

5. Short Notes

I) Growth

Growth refers to the physical changes that occur in an individual, such as


increases in height and weight. It is quantifiable and typically follows a
predictable pattern during childhood and adolescence.

II) Development

Development encompasses the overall progression of an individual, including


cognitive, emotional, and social growth. It involves qualitative changes and is
influenced by various environmental factors.

III) Maturation

Maturation is the natural progression of physical and psychological changes


that occur with age, independent of external factors. It includes the unfolding
of genetic potential, such as the ability to walk or talk.

b) Distinction Between Growth and Development

- **Growth** is primarily physical and measurable (e.g., height, weight).

- **Development** includes cognitive and emotional aspects (e.g., problem-


solving skills, emotional regulation).

6. Fundamental Principles of Growth and Development

- **Continuous Process:** Growth and development occur throughout life and


are not limited to childhood.

- **Individual Variability:** Each person grows and develops at their own


pace, influenced by genetics and environment.
- **Interrelatedness:** Physical, cognitive, and social development are
interconnected and influence one another.

- **Sequential Development:** Development typically follows a predictable


sequence, though the timing may vary.

7. Behavioral Consequences of Physical Development During Adolescence

a) Consequences

- Increased independence and self-identity exploration.

- Heightened emotional sensitivity and mood swings.

- Risk-taking behaviors due to peer influence and brain development.

b) Teacher’s Role

Teachers should:

- Provide a supportive environment that acknowledges changes in behavior.

- Foster open communication to help students navigate their feelings.

- Encourage positive peer interactions and discourage risky behaviors.

8. Characteristics of Various Stages of Cognitive Development

- **Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years):** Learning through sensory experiences


and motor actions; development of object permanence.

- **Preoperational Stage (2-7 years):** Development of language and


symbolic thinking but lacking logical reasoning; egocentric viewpoint.

- **Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years):** Development of logical


reasoning about concrete events; understanding of conservation and
categorization.

- **Formal Operational Stage (12 years and up):** Ability to think abstractly,
reason logically, and use deductive reasoning; problem-solving skills improve
significantly.
These explanations provide a comprehensive overview of the psychological
concepts and their implications for education and behavior.

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