Subj

ect
:Techni
caldr
awi
ng

Name:AbeenaDavi
s

Cl
assesNameoft
eacher
:Mr
.O.Johnson

Candi
dat
eno:

School
:OchoRi
osHi
ghSchool
SchoolCent
erno:

Yearofexami
nat
ion:

Ter
ri
tor
y:Jamai
ca

Year
:2024

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Fundament
alsofTechni
calDr
awi
ng

Ty
pesoff
ir
efi
ght
erequi
pment

Cl
assesoff
ir
e

Desi
gnpr
ocess

Pr
inci
plesandel
ement
sofdesi
gn

Ty
pesofl
inesusedi
ntechni
caldr
awi
ng
Techni
calDr
awi
ngcar
eer
s

EQUI
PMENTANDTOOLS

Fundament
alsofTechni
calDr
awi
ng
Const
ruct
ionl
ab

1.Al
way
swearPPE

2.Bemi
ndf
ulandf
oll
owsi
gns

3.Pr
ovi
decl
eari
nst
ruct
ions

4.Keept
heconst
ruct
ionsi
tet
idy

5.Or
gani
zeandst
oret
ool
spr
oper
ly

6.Uset
her
ightequi
pmentf
oreacht
ask

7.Pr
epar
eanemer
gencyr
esponsepl
an

8.Setupsaf
eguar
ds

9.I
nspectt
ool
sandequi
pmentr
egul
arl
y

10.
Repor
tissuesi
mmedi
atel
y
Fi
rebl
anket
Fir
eblanketsareusual l
yusedf orputt
ingoutsmallfi
resi
noraroundthekitchenand
arepart
icular
lyusefulforClassFf i
resinvol
vi
ngcookingoi
ls.Theycanalsobeused
forwastebinfir
esandt oexti
nguishclothi
ngfi
res.Fi
rebl
anketsaresui
tabl
ef orusei
n
thehome, commer cialandpublicenvir
onments.

Fi
reExt
ingui
sher
s

Afi
reexti
nguisheri
sahandheldact
ivef
irepr
otecti
ondevi
ceusual
lyfil
ledwithadr
yor
wetchemicalusedtoext
ingui
shorcont
rolsmallf
ir
es,of
teni
nemer gencies
Fi
resi
gn

FireSafet
ySi gnsareusedforthepurposeofinfor
mingbuil
dingusersandthef
ir
e
depart
mentt eamsont helocati
onoffir
e-f
ighti
ngandfir
ealarm equi
pmentsuchas
fi
reexti
nguishers,
fir
ehoser eel
s,r
iser
s,valvesandfi
real
arm pullst
ati
ons.

Fi
reaxe
Thisaxedesi
gnhasbeenusedbyf i
refi
ghter
sacrosst
hewor l
df oroveracent
ury.I
t
excel
satbreakingdownwall
s,door
s,andwindowstoaccessthoseinneedofrescue
orforthef
ir
efighter
stogeti
nandoutsafetl
y.

Cl
assA-Combust
il
emat
eri
als.
Fi
reext
ingui
sher
:Wat
erext
ingui
sher
s
Cl
assB-Fl
ammabl
eli
qui
ds
ext
ingui
sher
:Dr
ypowderext
ingui
sher
s
Cl
assC-Fl
ammabl
eGases
Fi
reext
ingui
sher
:Co2ext
ingui
sher
s

Thedesignpr
ocessisatoolt
hathel
psy
oubr
eakdownl
argepr
oject
sint
osmal
ler
,
easi
er-
tohandl
estages.

1–PRE-
DESI
GN(
PD)

Thefi
rstobject
ivei
stogett
oget
herwi
thacl
ientanddet
ermi
neover
allpr
ojectvi
sion
andgoals.
2–SCHEMATI
CDESI
GN(
SD)

Inthi
sphase,
wedoaser i
esofr
oughsket
ches/
drawi
ngst
hati
ll
ust
rat
ethebasi
c
concept
softhedesi
gn.

3–DESI
GNDEVELOPMENT(
DD)

Designdevelopmentcoll
ect
sther
esul
tsf
rom t
heschemat
icdesi
gnphaseandt
akes
them onestepfur
ther.

Thisphasei
nvol
vesfinal
izi
ngt
hedesignandspeci
fyi
ngitemssuchasmat
eri
als,
windowanddoorlocati
onsandgener
alstr
uct
uraldet
ail
s.

4–CONSTRUCTI
ONDRAWI
NGS(
CD)

Nowwehaveaf i
naldesign.Wecanbeginpr epari
ngconstruct
iondrawings/
bluepr
int
s,
notes,andt echni
calspecifi
cati
onsnecessaryforbiddi
ng,constr
uction,
andpermit
appli
cation.Construct
ioncontract
orswillusethesedetai
leddrawingsand
specif
icati
onst opreparefortheconst
ruction.
5–CONSTRUCTI
ON

Fi
nal
ly
,theconst
ruct
ioni
sunder
way
.

Duri
ngthisphase,wewil
lbuil
daspert
hedesigni
ntent.Also,i
fthereareanychanges,
wediscusschangesandoptionswi
tht
heowner.Itensuresthatal
terat
ionsar
e
compatibl
ewiththeowner’
svisi
onf
orthepr
oject
.

PRI
NCI
PLESOFDESI
GN

1.
Emphasi
s

2.
Bal
ance

3.
cont
rast
4.
Propor
ti
ons

5.
Movement

6.
Hier
achr
yandwhi
tespaces

1.Br
eakl
ines

Breaklinesaret het
ypeoftechnicaldr
awingli
nethatisusedt ocreatebr
eakoutson
secti
onsi nordertoshort
endistancesbetweenpartsofadr awingandgivemore
cl
arit
y.Thr eetypesofl
inesarenor mal
lyusedasbreakl i
nes;theyhavedi
ffer
entli
ne
weights:longbreakli
nes,shor
tbr eakl
ines,
andcyli
ndricalbreakli
nes.

2.Const
ruct
ionl
ines
Constr
ucti
onlines(
li
ghtthinli
nes)arethetypeoft echnicaldrawingli
nethatisusedto
devel
opshapesandl ocat
ionsoffeaturesintechnical&engi neeri
ngdrawings.Aft
er
usi
ngconstructi
onl
inestodevelopthickvisi
bleout l
inesofobj ect
s,t
heyar eei
therl
eft
onthesketchesofmanydr awingsorcleanedof fwithaner aser.

3.Cont
inuoust
hickl
ines

Conti
nuousthi
ckli
nesareusedtorepr
esentvi
sibl
eedgesandoutl
inesofobj
ect
s,
shapes,
andstruct
uresonpaperorcomputer
.Theyareusual
lydar
kandheavysoli
d
l
ineswhicharever
yprominentonmanycompletedrawi
ngs.

4.Hi
ddenl
ines

Hi
ddenli
nesarethet
ypeoftechnicaldr
awi
ngli
nethati
susedtodescribefeatur
es
t
hatcannotbeseenwhenobject
sar evi
ewedf
rom apart
icul
ardi
rect
ion;theyconsi
st
ofshortandequal
lyspacedthi
ndashli
nesandspaces.Thedashesar
eusual
lyt
hree
tofourti
meslongerthanthespacebet
weenthem.

5.Phant
om l
ines

Phantom l
inesaret hi
nli
nesthatconsistofal
ternati
nglongdashesthataresepar
ated
bytwoshor tdashesandar eoft
enusedt orepresentthedi
recti
onofmovementofan
obj
ectorapar tofanobj ecti
nalter
nateposit
ions.Phantom l
inescanalsobeusedto
i
ndicateadjacentfeat
uresorobjects.

6.Di
mensi
onl
ines

Dimensi
onli
nesarethi
nli
nest
hathavearr
owheadsatt
hei
ropposi
teends;
theyar
e
usedtoshowthepreci
sel
engt
h,br
eadth,
widt
h,andhei
ghtofobj
ect
s.
1.Carpenter
-Anef fect
ivecarpenteroft
enusest hei
rtechni
caldrawingski
ll
sto
designprojects,suchashomeadd- onsorre-f
loor
ingproj
ects.Theyusuall
y
coll
aboratedirectl
ywi t
hcli
entsandhavest rongcustomerserviceski
ll
s.
Typical
ly,
pr of
essionalswhohol dthesepositi
onspossessexper t
iset
hatall
ows
them todetermineopt i
malmat eri
alstheymightrequir
etosuccessful
lyexecut
e
thei
rdesignplans.

2.Landscapear chitect -
Al andscapear chi
tectusest hei
rtechni
caldrawingskil
lst
o
designlandscapesf orhomes, parks,neighborhoodsandbusi nesses.These
professi
onalscr eat eill
ustrati
onsthathighlightwhatal andscapemi ghtlook
l
ikewi t
hpr oposedst ructuresandbui l
dingsont hatpropert
y.Often,l
andscape
archit
ectscollabor atewi thlanddevelopmentpr ofessi
onals,cli
entsand
l
andscapi ngpr ofessionalst oaccompl i
sht heirdesigngoals

3.Architect-Anar chi
tectisalicensedprofessi
onalwhousest heirtechni
cal
drawingski ll
stodesignhomesandot herbuildi
ngsandof tenoverseesall
aspect sofaconst r
uctionanddesi gnprocess.Theyoftencreatepreli
minary
blueprint
st hatundergorevisionswhenclient
sorsuper vi
sorypersonnel
suggestchanges.Pr of
essionalsinthi
sroletypi
call
ycol l
aborat
ewi th
contractors,constr
ucti
onmanager sandst af
fandclientstodesignanddevelop
 t
hei
rpr
oduct
s.

Dr
awi
ngt
abl
e

Adrawingboard(alsodr
awingtable,
dr af
ti
ngtableorarchi
tect
’stabl
e)is,
init
s
anti
queform,akindofmulti
purposedeskwhi chcanbeusedf oranykindofdrawi
ng,
wri
tingori
mprompt usket
chingonal argesheetofpaperorforreadi
ngalargefor
mat
bookorotheroversi
zeddocumentorf ordraf
ti
ngprecise

T-
squar
e
AT-squar
eisat oolusedintechnicaldrawi
ng,
pri
mari
lyasaguidefordr
awingstr
aight
hori
zont
alli
nesonadr afti
ngtable.Itcanal
sobeusedinconj
uncti
onwithasetsquare
todrawvert
icalandangledli
nes

Comput
er
Therearetwotypesofcomputer-
aideddesignsy stemsusedf orthepr
oduct
ionof
techni
caldrawi
ngs:twodi
mensions( “2D”)andthreedimensions( “
3D”
).2DCAD
systemssuchasAut oCADorMicroStationrepl
acet hepaperdrawingdi
sci
pli
ne.The
l
ines,ci
rcl
es,ar
cs,andcurvesar
ecr eatedwithi
nt hesoft
ware.

Pl
ott
er
Apl ot
terprinteri
sof t
enusedinconjuncti
onwi t
hCADsof twar
etocr eat
ehigh-
qual
it
y
technicaldrawingsandplans.Thesoftwareisusedtocreateadigi
talver
sionoft
he
drawing, whichisthensentt
ot hepl
otterpri
ntertobepr
intedoutonpaperorother
mat er
ials.

Pr
int
er
Topri
ntouthugegr aphs,designs,
andothert
y pesofpaper
-baseddocuments,suchas
engi
neeri
ngdrawings,businesschart
s,const
ructionmaps,
andar chi
tect
ural
bl
uepri
nts.Aplot
terisafreestandi
ngdevicewithaCPUofi t
sown, oriti
sacomput er
addedasaperipheraltoanothercomputersystem.

Dr
awi
ngi
nst
rument
s

Compass
Acompass,
alsocommonlyknownasapairofcompasses,
isat
echni
caldr
awi
ng
i
nst
rumentt
hatcanbeusedfori
nscr
ibi
ngcir
clesorar
cs.

Setsquar
e60⁰
/30⁰&45⁰
Setsquar
esar
eusedt
odr
awl
inesat30,
45,
60and90degr
ees.
Theyaremadeofcl
earpl
ast
icsothaty
oucanseet
hedr
awi
ngunder
neat
h.Youwi
ll
needt
wo:a45°anda30°/
60°setsquar
e.

Fr
enchcur
ve

Frenchcurvesar epl
ast
ic(orwooden)templateshavi
nganedgecomposedofsever al
di
f f
erentcurves.Fr
enchcurvesar
eusedi ndraft
ingorwerebeforecomput
er-
aided
designtodrawsmoot hcurvesofalmostanydesi r
edcur
vatur
ei nmechani
cal
drawings.
Templ
ates

Dr
aft
ingtemplates,alsoknownasdr awingstencil
s,arethesecr
etweaponfor
pr
eci
sionint
echni caldrawing.Thesetr
ansparentplast
icormetalt
oolsfeat
urepre-
dr
awnshapes, symbol s,andli
nesthatmakecreati
ngaccur at
edrawingsabreeze.

Pr
otr
act
or
Aprot
ractori
sadeviceusedindr
aft
inganddr
awi
ng:it
’smainlyusedfordr
awi
ngand
measuri
ngangles.Don’
tshowuptogeometr
ywit
houtyourprotr
actor
!