95 上微積分甲統一教學一組

期中考參考答案
1. (20％)

x−2
（a）Given lim = 9 , find p and q ;
x→2 px + q − 3

∫
2x
tan t dt − 2 x 2
（b）Evaluate lim 0
= L2 ;
x →0 x4
n
π iπ
（c）Find lim
n →∞
∑ n sin
i =1
2

2n
= L3 .

Ans （a）p＝ , q＝ 。
（b） L2 ＝ 。
（c） L3 ＝ 。
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sol：

（a） lim px + q = 3 ⇒ 2p + q = 3 ⇒ 2p + q = 9
x→2

x−2 (x − 2)( px + q +3) (x − 2)( px + q +3) px + q +3

lim = lim = lim = lim
x→2 px + q − 3 x→2 px + q − 9 x →2 p (x − 2) x→2 p

⎧ 2
2p + q +3 9+3 ⎪⎪ p= 3
= = =9 ⇒⎨
p p ⎪q= 23
⎪⎩ 3

∫
2x
tan t dt − 2 x 2 2 tan 2x − 4x 4sec 2 2x − 4
0
（b） L = lim
2 = lim = lim
x →0 x4 x →0 4x 3 x →0 12x 2

1 − cos 2 2x sin 2 2x 4 sin 2 2x 1 4

= lim 2 2
= lim 2 2
= lim 2 2
=
x →0 3x cos 2x x →0 3x cos 2x x →0 3 (2x ) cos 2x 3
n
π iπ 1 n π i πx 1 1 − cos π x π
∑n = π lim ∑ sin 2 ( ⋅ ) = π ∫ sin 2 dx = π ∫
1
（c） L3 = lim sin 2 dx =
n →∞ 2n n →∞ n 2 n 0 2 0 2 2
i =1 i =1
2. (10％)
π
Find the equation of the line normal to the graph of sin( xy ) = x 2 cos y at the point (2, ).
2
Ans The equation of the line： 。
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sol：

sin( xy ) = x 2 cos y
d d
sin( xy ) = ( x 2 cos y )
dx dx
dy dy
cos( xy )( y + x ) = 2 x cos y − x 2 sin y
dx dx
dy 2 x cos y − y cos( xy ) dy π
= ⇒ =
dx x cos( xy ) + x sin y
2
dx (2, π ) 4
2

π 4
Normal Line： y − =− ( x − 2)
2 π

3. (15％)
A square paper measures 5 2 ㎝ by 5 2 ㎝. A pyramid is created by removing the four congruent
shaded triangles shown below, and then folding along the dotted lines. The base of the pyramid is a
square measuring x ㎝ by x ㎝.
（a）Let V(x) be the volume of this pyramid. Find V(x).
（b）Find the maximum possible volume of the pyramid and the value of x for which it occurs.
Ans (a) V(x)＝ ,
(b) Maximum volume＝ at x＝ .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sol：

10 − x 2 x 2 1
h= ( ) − ( ) = 25 − 5 x ⇒ V ( x) = x 2 25 − 5 x
2 2 3

dV ( x) 2 5x2
= x 25 − 5 x − = 0 ⇒ x = 4 or 0
dx 3 6 25 − 5 x

16 16
V (4) = 5 , V (0) = 0. ⇒ x＝4 has the maximum volume 5 cm 2
3 3
4. (15％)
（a）State the mean value theorem (differential form.) No proof is needed.
Apply mean value theorem to solve (b) and (c).
3 3
（b）Evaluate lim sin(( x + 2) 4 ) − sin( x 4 ) = L4
n →∞

Ans L4 ＝ .
1 3 1
（c）Prove the inequalities < 66 − 4 < .
25 24
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sol：
（a）Suppose f is continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b).
Then there is at least one point C in (a, b) at which f (b) − f ( a ) = f '(c)(b − a ) .
3
（b）Let f ( z ) = sin( z 3 / 4 ) , then f '( z ) = cos( z 3 / 4 ) ⋅ ⋅ z −1/ 4
4
Let a=x, b=x+2, the Mean Value Theorem shows that：
∃ c ∈ (a, b) s.t. f (b) − f (a ) = f '(c)(b − a )
3
sin( x + 2)3 / 4 − sin (x 3 / 4 ) = cos(c 3 / 4 ) ⋅ ⋅ c −1/ 4 ⋅ 2
4
3
As x → ∞ then c → ∞ , lim sin( x + 2)3 / 4 − sin( x 3 / 4 ) = lim cos(c3 / 4 ) ⋅ ⋅ c −1/ 4 ⋅ 2
x →∞ c →∞ 4
∵| cos(c 3 / 4 ) |≤ 1 and lim c −1/ 4 = 0
c →∞

By the Sandwich theorem, we have lim sin( x + 2)3 / 4 − sin( x 3 / 4 ) = 0

x →∞

1 1
（c） Let g ( x) = 3
x , g '( x) = ⋅
3 3 x2
3
66 − 4
By Mean Value Theorem, ∃ c ∈ (64, 66) s.t. g '(c) =
2
and g’(x) is decreasing on (0, ∞)
1 1
1° c > 64 ⇒ g '(c) < g '(64) = ⇒ 3 66 − 4 < .
48 24
3
66 − 4 1 1
2° c < 66 < ( 50 / 3)3 , > g '(( 50 / 3)3 ) = ⇒ 3
66 − 4 > .
2 50 25
 ( x − 2) 2
5. (20％) Study the function y = f ( x) = and answer the following questions.
x +1
（1）The domain of y = f ( x ) is .
（2） f '( x) ＝ .
（3） y = f ( x ) has critical point(s) at x＝ .
（4） y = f ( x ) is increasing on intervals .
y = f ( x) is decreasing on intervals .
（5） f ''( x ) ＝ .
（6） y = f ( x ) is concave upward on intervals .
y = f ( x) is concave down on intervals .
（7）Find the ( x, y ) -coordinates of the following points if exist.
local maximum point(s)： .
local minimum point(s)： .
inflection point(s)： .
（8）Find the asymptotes of the graph y = f ( x ) if exist.
Vertical asymptotes(s)： .
Horizontal asymptotes(s)： as x→ .
Slanted asymptotes(s)： as x→ .
（9）Sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) below.

x
（1）R\{－1} or (－∞,－1)∪(－1,∞).
( x − 2)( x + 4)
（2） f '( x) =
( x + 1) 2
（3） x = −4, 2
（4） y = f ( x ) is increasing on intervals (－∞,－4), (2,∞)
y = f ( x) is decreasing on intervals (－4,－1), (－1,2)
18
（5） f ''( x) =
( x + 1)3
（6） y = f ( x ) is concave upward on intervals (－1,∞)
y = f ( x) is concave downward on intervals (－∞,－1)
（7）local maximum point(s)：(－4, －12).
local minimum point(s)：(2, 0).
No inflection points!
（8）Vertical asymptotes(s)： x＝－1 is a vertical asymptote.
No Horizontal asymptotes.
Slanted asymptotes(s)：y＝x+5 as x→ ±∞ .
（9）
6. (10％) Given two positive constants a, b, b > a > 0 , the region bounded by the curve

x 2 + ( y − b) 2 = a 2 is revolved about the x-axis to generate a solid. Find the volume of this solid of
revolution. (Certainly, you can use without proof the formula of the area of circles.)
Ans. The volume is .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sol：

y = b + a 2 − x 2 ⎫⎪
⎬ −a ≤ x ≤ a.
y = b + a 2 − x 2 ⎪⎭
Disc Method：
a a
V = ∫ π (b + a 2 − x 2 ) 2 − π (b − a 2 − x 2 ) 2 dx = π ∫ 4b a 2 − x 2 dx
−a −a
a
= 4π b ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx = 2π 2 a 2b
−a

Shell Method：

x = ± a 2 − ( y − b) 2 , b − a ≤ y ≤ b + a
b+a
V =∫ y ⋅ 2π ⋅ [ a 2 − ( y − b) 2 − (− a 2 − ( y − b) 2 )] dy
b−a
b+a
= 4π ∫ y a 2 − ( y − b) 2 dy
b−a
b+a
= 4π ∫ ( y − b) a 2 − ( y − b) 2 + b a 2 − ( y − b) 2 dy
b−a
a
= 4π ∫ u a 2 − u 2 + b a 2 − u 2 du ( Let u = y − b)
−a
odd function
a
= 4π b ∫ a 2 − u 2 du
−a

= 2π 2 a 2b
7. (10％) Let y = f ( x) = x and L( x) be the linearization of f ( x) at x=6. Find L( x) . Let
A = (36, f (36)) , B = (37, f (36)) , C = (37, f (37)) , and D = (37, L(37)) . Let u be the area of

the region bounded by y = f ( x ) , AB , and BC , v be the area of ΔABD . Determine the relation

between u and v. By using the approximation u ≈ v , one can obtain and estimate of the form
1 1
37 ≈ ( K + ) , where K and M are integers. Find K and M.
37 M
Ans. L(x)＝ .u v (write <, =, >). K＝ . M＝ .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1
Sol： y = f ( x) = x ⇒ f '( x) =
2 x
1
L( x) = f (36) + f '(36)( x − 36) = 6 + ( x − 36)
12
1
L(37) = 6 +
12

1 −3 / 2 ⎧ f is concave down
Since f '( x) = − x < 0 or ⎨ we know u<v.
4 ⎩ f ' is decrea sin g

37
37 2 2 1 1
u=∫ xdx − 6 = x 3 / 2 − 6 = [(37)3 / 2 − 216] − 6 ≈ v = 1× ×
36 3 36 3 12 2

3 1 1 1
(37)3 / 2 ≈ 216 + ( × + 6) = 225 +
2 12 2 16
1 1
37 ≈ (225 + ) ⇒ K = 225, M = 16 .
37 16