Hld1800cz HLD Radar900 Operation Manual Rev 1.6 210810

OPERATION MANUAL
Radio Detection and Ranging
HLD-RADAR 900
NO. HLD1800CZ
Revision V1.6
Issue Date 2021-08-10
Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

HLD-RADAR 900 OPERATION MANUAL
For service, please contact:
Service Hotline in China: 400-088-3335 Ext. 1 for Domestic Ext. 2 for Broad
Service Hotline broad: +86 513 80582906
E-mail: [email protected]
Service Center: No.199, Qingfeng Road Sutong Science & Technology Industrial Park,
Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China 226017
Copyright: © Highlander. All rights reserved.
The information contained herein is proprietary to Highlander and shall not be duplicated in whole
or in part. The technical details contained in this manual are accurate at the date of issue but are
subject to change without notice.
Highlander pursues a policy of continuous development. This may mean that the product delivered
has additional enhancements not yet covered by the latest version of this manual.
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their
respective owners.
2 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

CONTENT
CONTENT...................................................................................................................................................3
TABLE CONTENT........................................................................................................................................ 8
FIGURE CONTENT......................................................................................................................................9
PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 11
Copyright and Disclaimer................................................................................................................ 11
About This Manual..........................................................................................................................11
Change Log...................................................................................................................................... 12
IMPORTANT SAFETY MESSAGE........................................................................................................13
Safety Precautions...........................................................................................................................16
Safe Distance from the antenna......................................................................................................17
Regulatory Statements....................................................................................................................18
Terms and Abbreviation.................................................................................................................. 20
1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 25
1.1 System Compatibility.................................................................................................................25
1.1.1 INS Compatibility............................................................................................................25
1.1.2 Functions........................................................................................................................26
1.1.3 Features..........................................................................................................................27
1.2 System Inputs/outputs..............................................................................................................28
1.2.1 Gyro input...................................................................................................................... 28
1.2.2 Log input........................................................................................................................ 28
1.2.3 Position input (EPFS)...................................................................................................... 29
1.2.4 AIS input/output............................................................................................................ 29
1.2.5 VDR output.....................................................................................................................29
1.2.6 BNWAS output............................................................................................................... 29
1.2.7 Radar system failure alarm output................................................................................ 29
1.2.8 Radar data and alerts output......................................................................................... 30
1.2.9 Sentences used in the HLD-RADAR 900 System.............................................................30
1.3 System Diagram.........................................................................................................................30
2 THE USER INTERFACE........................................................................................................................... 32
2.1 Radar interface..........................................................................................................................32
2.1.1 Control panel..................................................................................................................34
2.1.2 The Menu....................................................................................................................... 35
2.2 Conning interface...................................................................................................................... 36
2.3 Buttons...................................................................................................................................... 36
2.3.1 Function buttons............................................................................................................ 37
2.3.2 Menu buttons.................................................................................................................37
2.3.3 Toggle buttons................................................................................................................38
2.3.4 Operate buttons............................................................................................................. 38
2.3.5 Sliders............................................................................................................................. 38
2.4 Other Controls...........................................................................................................................38
2.4.1 Check box....................................................................................................................... 38
2.4.2 Input box........................................................................................................................ 39
2.4.3 Information console....................................................................................................... 39
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 3 / 190
2.4.4 Tabs................................................................................................................................ 39
2.4.5 Latitude/Longitude Input Box........................................................................................ 40
2.5 Cursor Shapes............................................................................................................................40
2.6 Symbols..................................................................................................................................... 41
2.6.1 Heading line................................................................................................................... 42
2.6.2 List of symbols................................................................................................................42
2.7 Default Colors............................................................................................................................44
2.8 Side Panel.................................................................................................................................. 44
2.9 Virtual Keyboard........................................................................................................................45
3 HUMAN INTERFACE UNIT (HMI)...........................................................................................................47
3.1 Human Interface Unit Overview............................................................................................... 47
3.2 Trackball System........................................................................................................................48
3.3 Adjustment Rotary Knobs......................................................................................................... 48
3.4 Function Keys............................................................................................................................ 49
3.5 EBL Rotary Knob and Keys.........................................................................................................50
3.6 VRM Rotary Knob and Keys.......................................................................................................50
3.7 Radar View Options...................................................................................................................51
4 BASIC OPERATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 52
4.1 Operation Flow..........................................................................................................................52
4.2 Turn ON and Turn Off the System............................................................................................. 52
4.3 Adjusting Display Brightness..................................................................................................... 53
4.4 Radar Sensor and Signal Processing..........................................................................................53
4.4.1 RADAR selection.............................................................................................................53
4.4.2 Status..............................................................................................................................54
4.4.3 PL (Pulse length).............................................................................................................55
4.4.4 MASTER.......................................................................................................................... 56
4.4.5 TUNE...............................................................................................................................56
4.5 Adjusting the Radar Image........................................................................................................57
4.5.1 ENH (Target enhance).................................................................................................... 57
4.5.2 SC/SC (Multi-scan integration).......................................................................................58
4.5.3 IR (Interference rejection)..............................................................................................58
4.5.4 Signal processing............................................................................................................59
4.6 Range Scale and Range Rings....................................................................................................61
4.7 Radar View Options...................................................................................................................62
4.7.1 Color mode.....................................................................................................................62
4.7.2 Display settings.............................................................................................................. 62
4.7.3 Azimuth stabilization mode........................................................................................... 63
4.7.4 Radar Motion mode.......................................................................................................67
4.7.5 Stabilization mode..........................................................................................................69
4.7.6 Offsetting the PPI center................................................................................................72
4.7.7 Show/hide objects on the PPI........................................................................................74
4.7.8 Default configuration..................................................................................................... 74
4.7.9 Capture...........................................................................................................................74
4.8 Own Ship Sensors Data............................................................................................................. 74
4.9 Diagnostics................................................................................................................................ 76
4 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

4.10 Other Radar Responses...........................................................................................................77
4.10.1 The operation of Search and Rescue Transmitter (SART)............................................ 77
4.10.2 Radar Beacons..............................................................................................................79
4.10.3 Radar target enhancers................................................................................................79
4.10.4 False echoes................................................................................................................. 79
4.10.5 Ghost echoes................................................................................................................80
4.10.6 Multi-path signals........................................................................................................ 80
4.10.7 Blind sectors.................................................................................................................80
4.10.8 Blank sectors................................................................................................................ 81
5 GENERAL OPERATIONS.........................................................................................................................84
5.1 Radar Menu...............................................................................................................................84
5.2 Radar Defaults...........................................................................................................................85
5.3 Tuning Optimization.................................................................................................................. 88
5.4 Performance Monitor............................................................................................................... 89
5.5 Acquisition Zones...................................................................................................................... 92
6 CHARTS (OPTIONAL).............................................................................................................................95
6.1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 95
6.2 Chart Presentation.................................................................................................................... 95
6.3 Chart Menu............................................................................................................................... 97
6.3.1 Primary mode.................................................................................................................98
6.3.2 Standard mode...............................................................................................................98
6.4 Chart Setting (Optional, only together with Chart functionality)............................................. 99
6.5 Test Charts Displaying............................................................................................................... 99
6.6 Test Symbols Displaying.......................................................................................................... 100
6.7 Chart Management................................................................................................................. 101
6.7.1 Permits and Certificates............................................................................................... 101
6.8 Charts Basic Operations.......................................................................................................... 104
6.8.1 Install Charts.................................................................................................................104
6.8.2 Delete Charts................................................................................................................105
6.9 Synchronize Charts..................................................................................................................105
6.9.1 Explore Updates........................................................................................................... 106
6.9.2 Own Ship Report.......................................................................................................... 108
6.9.3 Test Mode.....................................................................................................................109
7 THE ALERT SYSTEM.............................................................................................................................110
7.1 Alert Priority Levels................................................................................................................. 110
7.2 Alert Notifications................................................................................................................... 110
7.3 Alert Acknowledgment........................................................................................................... 112
7.4 Common List of Alerts.............................................................................................................112
7.5 List of Radar Alerts.................................................................................................................. 114
7.6 Central Alert Manager.............................................................................................................115
7.7 CAM History............................................................................................................................ 118
7.8 Alerts Escalation......................................................................................................................120
8 TARGETS&COLLISION AVOIDANCE..................................................................................................... 121
8.1 Target Functions......................................................................................................................121
8.1.1 Vector Modes............................................................................................................... 122
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 5 / 190

8.2 Manual Radar Acquisition.......................................................................................................123
8.3 Tracked Target Settings Menu................................................................................................. 124
8.4 Prediction Vector Time............................................................................................................126
8.5 Trails........................................................................................................................................ 126
8.6 Past Position............................................................................................................................ 127
8.7 Vector Indicator.......................................................................................................................128
8.8 Target Tracking........................................................................................................................ 128
8.8.1 Radar target list............................................................................................................129
8.8.2 Target tracking characteristics..................................................................................... 129
8.9 CPA/TCPA.................................................................................................................................131
8.10 AIS......................................................................................................................................... 131
8.10.1 AIS capacity of display................................................................................................132
8.10.2 AIS data...................................................................................................................... 133
8.10.3 AIS selection...............................................................................................................134
8.10.4 AIS filtering.................................................................................................................135
8.10.5 Safety related messages.............................................................................................136
8.11 Association of Tracked and AIS Targets................................................................................. 136
9 NAVIGATIONAL TOOLS....................................................................................................................... 138
9.1 Parallel Index Lines..................................................................................................................138
9.1.1 Working with the PI lines............................................................................................. 139
9.2 Maps........................................................................................................................................142
9.3 Map Menu...............................................................................................................................142
9.3.1 Plotting objects............................................................................................................ 144
9.3.2 Edit objects...................................................................................................................146
9.4 Route....................................................................................................................................... 148
9.5 EBL/VRM................................................................................................................................. 149
9.6 Anchor Watch..........................................................................................................................151
10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.............................................................................................................154
11 USER MAINTENANCE....................................................................................................................... 157
11.1 Maintenance (Display).......................................................................................................... 157
11.2 Components with limited lifetime........................................................................................ 157
11.2.1 Radar magnetron....................................................................................................... 157
11.2.2 Display screen............................................................................................................ 158
11.2.3 Retained parameters..................................................................................................158
11.2.4 System failure diagnostics by active alerts................................................................ 158
11.3 Maintenance & Self-test....................................................................................................... 159
12 CONNING APPLICATION................................................................................................................... 161
12.1 Navigation Page.....................................................................................................................161
12.2 Docking Page......................................................................................................................... 162
12.3 AIS Page.................................................................................................................................162
12.4 NAVTEX Page......................................................................................................................... 164
12.5 Records Page......................................................................................................................... 165
12.6 CCRS Page..............................................................................................................................166
12.6.1 Own ship shape and CCRP location........................................................................... 167
12.6.2 GPS and RADAR Antenna location............................................................................. 168
6 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

12.6.3 Anchor location..........................................................................................................169
12.7 Sensor Page........................................................................................................................... 170
12.7.1 Selection mode of Sensor Sources.............................................................................171
12.7.2 Status of Sensor Data................................................................................................. 171
12.7.3 Status of Sensor Source............................................................................................. 171
12.8 System Page.......................................................................................................................... 172
13 APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................... 174
13.1 Trial Manoeuvre.................................................................................................................... 174
13.1.1 Using trial manoeuvre................................................................................................175
13.2 Simulation............................................................................................................................. 176
13.2.1 Test scenarios............................................................................................................. 176
13.2.2 Simulation conditions................................................................................................ 177
13.3 Radar Detection Performance...............................................................................................181
13.3.1 Important Factors.......................................................................................................181
13.3.2 Target Detection in Minimal Sea Clutter....................................................................183
13.3.3 Target Detection in sea clutter...................................................................................184
13.3.4 Target Detection in Sea and Rain Clutter................................................................... 185
13.3.5 Other Factors Compromising Performance............................................................... 186
13.3.6 Standard Signal Filtering Functionality...................................................................... 187
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 7 / 190

TABLE CONTENT
Table 1 Trails and past position intervals...................................................................................... 125
Table 2 Display features................................................................................................................ 154
Table 3 Input / Output Interface................................................................................................... 154
Table 4 ARPA..................................................................................................................................154
Table 5 AIS..................................................................................................................................... 155
Table 6 Maps................................................................................................................................. 155
Table 7 Radar scanners..................................................................................................................155
Table 8 Typical attenuation and backscatter in rain conditions....................................................183
Table 9 Range of target first detected (clutter-free conditions)................................................... 183
Table 10 Direction prediction in sea clutter conditions: X-band...................................................185
Table 11 Direction prediction in sea clutter conditions: S-band...................................................185
Table 12 Predicted target detection (averaged) in rain & sea clutter at 0.7-0.8 NM....................186
8 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

FIGURE CONTENT
Figure 1 System diagram................................................................................................................. 31
Figure 2 PPI with the rings OFF....................................................................................................... 61
Figure 3 Heading Up view............................................................................................................... 64
Figure 4 North Up view................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 5 Course Up view................................................................................................................. 66
Figure 6 Trail Up view...................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 7 Relative Motion mode.......................................................................................................68
Figure 8 True Motion mode............................................................................................................ 69
Figure 9 Some bearing marks are skipped then in order to keep clear indication......................... 72
Figure 10 Off center &Max view..................................................................................................... 73
Figure 11 Own ship sensor data......................................................................................................74
Figure 12 Example of SART arranged very close to the radar antenna origin................................ 78
Figure 13 Radar beacon in the PPI.................................................................................................. 79
Figure 14 Blind sectors.................................................................................................................... 81
Figure 15 Blank sector.....................................................................................................................83
Figure 16 Optimize tune..................................................................................................................89
Figure 17 Performance monitor operation result of Aidos.............................................................90
Figure 18 Performance monitor operation result of Sperry........................................................... 91
Figure 19 Acquisition zone edit mode............................................................................................ 94
Figure 20 Chart is ON...................................................................................................................... 96
Figure 21 Cell information displayed by default............................................................................. 98
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 9 / 190

Figure 22 Chart management window......................................................................................... 101
Figure 23 Show User Permit..........................................................................................................103
Figure 24 The certificate page.......................................................................................................103
Figure 25 Certificate selection...................................................................................................... 104
Figure 26 Information of update...................................................................................................107
Figure 27 Own ship report............................................................................................................ 108
Figure 28 Test Mode......................................................................................................................109
Figure 29 Bearing is ON.................................................................................................................141
Figure 30 Default Pls..................................................................................................................... 141
Figure 31 Beam range is ON..........................................................................................................142
Figure 32 Select icon dialog.......................................................................................................... 145
Figure 33 System page.................................................................................................................. 172
10 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

PREFACE
Copyright and Disclaimer
The information contained herein is proprietary to Highlander and shall not be duplicated in whole
or in part.
Copyright: © Highlander. All rights reserved.
Highlander pursues a policy of continuous development. This means that the current version of the
manual may not reflect all additional enhancements of the delivered product. The technical details
contained in this manual are accurate at the date of issue but are subject to change without notice.
The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their
respective owners.
About This Manual
This manual introduces how to operate HLD-RADAR 900. The installation of radar antenna is included
in the installation manual.
This manual is intended for operators and engineers. It assumes that users have the necessary
qualification and skills for work with radar and navigation equipment.
This is the owner who is responsible for installation and usage of the equipment in a proper manner.
The proper manner means that the installed equipment will not cause accidents, personal injury or
property. And the user of this product is responsible for observing maritime safety practices.
It is the user, who is responsible for reading, understanding and following all instructions and
NOTE
hazards.
NOTE If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions, please contact HIGHLANDER.
The manual contains drawings, schemes, and screenshots.
The GUI has the black background, so it could make some difficulties for printing the manual. To
avoid these difficulties screenshots are represented in inverted colors.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 11 / 190

Change Log
Date Version Change Chapter Changes
26.12.2016 1.0 All The first release
2017.4.26 1.1 All Update
2018.7.21 1.1 1. Chapter 5.3 1. Add safety note
2. Chapter5.4 2. Add safety note and the operating procedures of
3. All Sperry transceiver
4. Chapter4.4 3. Adjust the text in table
5. Chapter4.5.4 4. Add pictures and update the description of ENH
6. Chapter 2.1, 5.5 and 9.1.1 5. Update the description of sea clutter in ADP mode
7. Chapter 9.3.1 6. Add new explanations of certain version
8. Chapter12.5 7. Update the inferface of Icons
9. Chapter12.6 8. Update the text
10. Chapter7.6 and 7.2 9. Add the part of unlocking
11. Chapter 7.7 10. Add the part of permanent silence
12. Chapter 2 11. Add CAM history page
13 Chapter 2.3.1 12. Update the description of Side panel and add
14 Chapter 12.3 Conning interface
13. Add explanations of original pictures
14 Update the description of AIS page
2019.3.18 1.2 1. 12.6.1, 12.6.2 1. Update the descriptions of 2 coordinates
2020.01.19 1.3 ALL Update logo
2020.2.20 1.4 1.1 Update Category of ship/craft
2020.3.10 1.5 2.1.2，5，5.1 Update MENU page
4.7.1，12.8 Add color mode setting method
8.1，8.3，8.6 Update PAST POSN in TGT SET and right lower corner
8.7 Update the description of vector indicatiors
8.8 Update taget information of AIS and TT
9.4 Update deactivate route function
9.6 Update Manual Input of ANCH
11.2.1,4.9 Update reference working time of magnetron
11.3 Add maintenance and self-test
12.6，12.6.3 Udate CCRS page about radar3, radar4, left and right
anchor
8.1,8.2 Adjust the order
2021.3.12 1.6 1.1.1 Modify data server
2.1 Modify 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 and delete ADP mode
2.5 Delete Acquisition cursor
2.6.1 Add the button to hide heading line temporarily
4.5.4.4 Delete ADP mode
4.7 Add functions to hide heading line and map temporarily
8.1 Delete relative mode
12 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

IMPORTANT SAFETY MESSAGE
SAFETY OPERATION OF VESSEL IS

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE
ONBOARD NAVIGATION
OFFICERS OR USERS.
THE USE OF THE EQUIPMENT
DOES NOT RELEASE THE USERS
OF ANY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS &
CHECKS AS NEEDED IN
ACCORDANCE TO
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL
RULES.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 13 / 190

The manual contains information that requires special attention. The following emphasis is used for
such information:
This text warns personnel that the situation is potentially hazardous and it may result in serious
WARNING
injury or death. The personnel must proceed carefully to prevent the risk.
This text indicates a potentially hazardous situation. As a possible result could be minor or
CAUTION
moderate injury, or property damage. The personnel must proceed carefully to prevent the risk.
This text informs that the operation is unsafe. The operation could lead to property damage or
NOTE equipment malfunction. The personnel must proceed carefully to prevent the risk.
Some other important information is represented in this way too to draw the user’s attention.
14 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

High Voltages are located over

Maintenance and repairs must only be carried out by
many areas in the systems!
trained and qualified personal with knowledge for
electrical devices.
Caution during Operations:

NEVER touch or have any body contact with active Observe handling regulations!
electrical circuits! Removal or insertion of a subgroup or printed wiring
board with live voltage can lead to severe damage.
All relevant safety regulations and safety standards

must be closely observed. Never insert fuses with other values than those
stipulated!
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 15 / 190

Safety Precautions
This section describes common rules for operating the equipment. These are general precautions
that are not related to the specific procedure. Personnel must understand and apply these rules
during operation and maintenance of the system.
Having these operating instructions always at hand on all relevant locations is the must. Ensure that
the instruction copies are available to all operators. Operating personnel must at all times follow all
safety regulations.
When operating in normal mode, the equipment can be easy disconnected from the main power line.
Turn OFF the relevant circuit breaker.
Before any actions inside the unit or components replacement, switch OFF the voltage supply.
It is prohibited to open units, replace components or perform any other activity with the
WARNING
equipment internal hardware when the equipment is powered ON.
It is necessary to provide easy access to all operator panels, controls, and relevant switchgear
cabinets. This enables instant response to alarms.
Some equipment components can carry electrical current even after being powered off. It is
CAUTION mandatory to unplug the power connector before the maintenance, repairing or other type of
work with equipment.
When replacing magnetrons, make sure to switch off the main power and let the equipment stand
for more than 5 minutes to discharge the high-voltage circuit. Failure to comply may result in
electrocution.
Make sure to take off your watch when your hand must be close to the magnetron.
Do not make any adjustments during navigation. Failure to comply may result in adverse effects on
the radar function which may lead to accidents or equipment failure.
The radar is used for navigation only. The final navigation decision must always be made by the
operator. Making the final navigation decision based only on the radar display may cause accidents
such as collisions or running aground.
16 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Safe Distance from the antenna
Be aware of the safe distances from the antenna. -The safe distances are outside of the antenna
turning circle; at this distance the radiation levels (for standard marine radar, with a rotating antenna)
are below 50 W/m2 and normally below the radio frequency levels of 10 W/m2.
Check the exact levels and related transceiver and antenna distances in the table below.
Antenna length 100 W/m² 50 W/m² 10 W/m²

6” X-BAND 3.26 m 4.61 m 10.31 m
8” X-BAND 3.45 m 4.89 m 10.93 m
12” S-BAND 2.90 m 4.11 m 9.18 m
Never look into a rotating antenna aperture while the antenna is stationary.
WARNING Exercise care when approaching a rotating antenna. Se sure to turn OFF the radar power switch
or the radar system before performing maintenance or inspection of the antenna.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 17 / 190

Regulatory Statements
The HLD 900 Radar is compliant with standards described below.
Standards Description
IEC 60945 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – General requirements – Methods of testing and
required test results
IEC 61162 (all parts) Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – Digital interfaces
IEC 61174 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – Electronic chart display and information systems
(ECDIS) – Operational and performance requirements, methods of
testing and required test results
IEC 61924-2:2012 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – Part 2 Modular Structure for INS - Operational and
performance requirements, methods of testing and required test
results
IEC 61996-1:2012 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – Shipborne voyage data recorder (VDR) – Part 1: Voyage
data recorder (VDR) – Performance requirements – Methods of
testing and required test results
IEC 62288-2014 Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems – Presentation of navigation-related information on
shipborne navigational displays – General requirements, methods
of testing and required results ITU-R Recommendation M.628,
Technical characteristics for search and rescue radar transponders
IEC 62388-2013 Maritime navigation and radio communication equipment and
systems – Shipborne radar – Performance requirements, methods
of testing and required test results
ITU-R Recommendation M.628 Technical characteristics for search and rescue radar transponders
ITU-R Recommendation M.824 Technical parameters of radar beacons (racons)
ITU-R Recommendation M.1176 Technical parameters of radar target enhancers
IHO S-52 Specifications for chart content and display aspects of ECDIS
IHO S-52 Annex A IHO ECDIS Presentation Library
IMO Resolution A.424(XI) Performance standards for Gyro-compasses
IMO Resolution A.694(17) General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming
part of the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS)
and for electronic navigational aids
IMO Resolution A.821(19) Performance standards for Gyro-compasses for High-Speed Craft
IMO Resolution MSC.96(72) Amendments to IMO Resolution A.824(19), Performance
standards for devices to indicate speed and distance
IMO Resolution MSC.116(73) Performance standards for marine transmitting heading devices
(THDs)
18 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Standards Description
IMO Resolution MSC.191(79) Performance standards for the presentation of navigation related
information on shipborne navigational displays
IMO Resolution MSC.192(79) Revised performance standards for radar equipment
IMO Resolution MSC.232(82) Revised performance standards for electronic chart display and
information systems (ECDIS)
IMO Resolution MSC.302(87) Performance standards for bridge alert management
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1389 Guidance on procedures for updating shipborne navigation and
communication equipment.
IMO SN.1/Circ.243/Rev.1:2014 Guidelines for the presentation of navigation related symbols,
terms and abbreviations
VESA-2007-5:2007 Industry standards and guidelines for computer display monitor
timing (DMT)
DDWG DVI:1999 Digital Visual Interface (DVI) Revision 1.0, Digital Display Working
Group (DDWG)
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 19 / 190

Terms and Abbreviation

A
ACK Acknowledge
ACQ/ACT Acquisition/Activation
Acquired radar target Automatic or manual acquisition initiates radar tracking.
Acquisition of a radar target Process of acquiring a target and initiating its tracking.
Activated AIS target AIS target representing the automatic or manual activation of a sleeping AIS target
for the display of additional information.
Activation of an AIS target Activation of a sleep AIS target for the display of additional graphical and
alphanumerical information.
AFC Automatic Frequency Control
AIS Automatic Identification System
A system which enables ships and shore stations to obtain identifying and navigation
information about other ships at sea, using an automated transponder.
AIS target Target generated from an AIS message
Anti-clutter rain Rain/snow clutter suppression
Anti-clutter sea Sea clutter suppression
ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
Associated target A target simultaneously representing a tracked target and a reported AIS target
having similar parameters (position, course, speed) which comply with an association
algorithm.
AZ Automatic Acquisition/Activation zone
A zone set up by the operator in which the system should automatically acquire radar
targets and activate reported AIS targets when entering the zone.
B
BCR/BCT Bow Crossing Range/Bow Crossing Time
Blank sector Sector, where the radar transmission is inhibited
Blind sector Sector, where the radar beam is blocked by certain obstacle
BRILL Brilliance
C
C up Course up
Own ship's course is pointed to the top center of the radar display.
CCRP Consistent Common Reference Point
A location on own ship, to which all horizontal measurements such as target range,
bearing, relative course, relative speed, CPA or TCPA are referenced, typically the
conning position of the bridge.
CCRS Consistent Common Reference System
Sub-system or function of an INS for acquisition, processing, storage, surveillance
and distribution of data and information providing identical and obligatory reference
to sub-systems and subsequent functions within an INS and to other connected
equipment, if available.
Clutter Unwanted reflections on a radar screen, from sea surface, rain or snow.
COG Course Over Ground
20 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

The direction of the ship's movement relative to the earth, measured on board the
ship, in terms of the degrees from true north.
CPA/TCPA Closest Point of Approach/Time to the Closest Point of Approach.
Limits are set by the operator and are related to own ship.
CENT Centre
CTW Course Through Water
The direction of the ship's movement through the water
CURS Cursor
D
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
Dangerous target Target whose predicted CPA and TCPA are violating the values as preset by the
operator.
Default Predefined condition set by the equipment manufacturer.
E
EBL Electronic Bearing Line
An electronic bearing line originated from own ship's position.
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ENC Electronic navigational chart
ERBL Electronic Range bearing line
Electronic bearing line is combined with the variable range marker, used to measure
range and bearing from own ship or between two objects.
ENH Enhance
ECDIS Electronic chart display and information system, which complies with IMO resolution
MSC.232(82) and IEC 61174.
EPFS Position fixing system using electronic means.
G
GND stabilization Display mode in which speed and course information are referred to the ground,
using ground track input data, or EPFS as reference.
GPS Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical user interface
GZ Guard zone
H
HDG Heading
The horizontal direction that the bow of a ship is pointing at any instant, expressed in
angular units from a reference direction.
HL Heading line
A graphic line on a radar presentation drawn from the consistent common reference
point to the bearing scale to indicate the heading of the ship .
H up Head up
Own ship's heading line is always pointed to the top center of the radar display.
I
IHO International Hydrography Organization
IMO International Maritime Organization
INS Integrated navigation system
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 21 / 190

Navigation system which complies witch the requirements of IMO resolution
MSC.252(82) and IEC 61924-2.
IR Interference Rejection
K
kn knot
L
Lost AIS target A target symbol representing the last valid position of an AIS target before the
reception of its data was lost, or its last dead-reckoned position.
Lost tracked target One for which target information is no longer available due to poor, lost or obscured
signals.
LP Long Pulse
LAH Look Ahead
LAT Latitude
LOG Refers to log of Speed measurement (relative to water)
LON Longitude
LndM Land Mask
M
MMI Man Machine Interface
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity
MOB Man Over Board
MON Performance monitor
MP Medium Pulse
MAPS Operator defined or created lines to indicate channels, traffic separation schemes or
borders of any area important for navigation.
Menu Area of display that is allocated to the interactive display and operation of a
structured menu for the selection and entry of operational parameters, data and
commands.
N
NM Nautical Miles
1nm=1852m
N up North up
O
OE Object Editor
Operational display area Area of the display used to graphically present chart and radar information, excluding
the user dialogue area.
OS Own Ship
P
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PI Parallel Index line
PPI Plan Position Indicator
Past positions Equally time-spaced past position marks of a tracked or AIS target and own ship.
POSN Position
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
The number of radar pulses transmitted each second.
22 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

PROC Process
Radar signal processing function
R
RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging
Radar beacon A navigation aid which responds to the radar transmission by generating a radar
signal to identify its position and identity
Range Rings A set of concentric circles labeled by distance from CCRP.
Rings Distance between one range rings to another.
Relative speed The speed of a target relative to own ship's speed data
Relative course Direction of motion of a target relative to own ship's direction.
Relative bearing Direction of a target's position from own ship's CCRP expressed as an angular
displacement from own ship's heading.
Relative vector A predicted movement of a target relative to own ship's motion
RM Relative Motion
A display on which the position of own ship remains fixed, and all targets move
relative to own ship.
RM(R) Relative Motion. Relative Trails.
RM(T) Relative Motion. True Trails.
ROT Rate Of Turn
Change of heading per time unit.
Route A set of waypoints.
RP Reference Point
Radar target Object, fixed or moving, which is detected or detectable by a radar system and has a
motion confirmed by successive radar measurements of range and bearing.
Radar video Signal produced by a radar receiver as a result of radar echoes returned.
RR Range Rings
RX Receive
Reference target Symbol of a target's position from own ship's CCRP in terms of degrees of offset from
own ship's heading.
S
SART Search And Rescue Transponder
Radar transponder capable of operating in the 9GHz band
SC/SC Scan to scan processing function.
Sea state Status of the sea condition due to the weather environment, expressed as a sea state
0 for flat conditions with minimal wind, to sea state 8 for very rough sea conditions.
Selected target Manually selected target for the display of detailed alphanumeric information in a
separate data display area.
SF CNT Safety contour.
Sleeping AIS target A target indicating the presence and orientation of a vessel equipped with AIS in a
certain location.
SOG Speed Over the Ground
The speed of the ship relative to the earth, measured on board of the ship.
SOLAS International Convention for Safety Of Life At Sea
SP Short Pulse
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 23 / 190

STAB Stabilization
STW Speed Through Water
The speed of the ship relative to the water surface.
Sea stabilization Display mode in which speed and course information are referred to the sea, using
gyro or equivalent and water speed log input as reference.
T
TCPA Time to Closest Point of Approach to own ship
Test target Radar target of known characteristics used for test requirement
TGT Target
TM True Motion
A display across which own ship moves with its own true motion.
Trails Tracks displayed by the radar echoes of targets in the form of an afterglow.
Trial manoeuvre A graphical simulation facility used to assist the operator to perform a proposed
maneuver for navigation and collision avoidance purposes.
True course The direction of motion relative to ground or to sea, of a target expressed as an
angular displacement from north
True speed The speed of a target relative to ground, or to sea
True vector A vector representing the predicted true motion of a target, showing
course and speed with reference to the ground or sea
TT Target Tracking
A computer process of observing the sequential changes in the position of a radar
target in order to establish its motion. Such a target is a Tracked Target.
TTG Time to Go
Time to next waypoint.
TX Transmit
U
UTC Universal Time Coordinated.
The international standard of time, kept by atomic clocks around the world.
V
VRM Variable Range Marker
An adjustable range ring used to measure the distance to a target.
VDR Voyage data recorder
W
WPT Waypoint
WPB Waypoint Bearing
WPD Waypoint Distance
X
XTE Cross Track Error
24 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 System Compatibility
HLD-RADAR 900 is high performance radar equipment for normal speed crafts consisting of:
• Main unit based on Windows Embedded 7 system for signal processing
• Antenna and turning unit (scanner unit)
• Color Display Unit (LCD, high resolution)
• Human Interface Unit (HMI)
• Radar client software
• Radar process server(ETS)
This equipment complies with the performance standard of IMO (www.imo.org).
The frequency band is X-band (3 cm) or S-band (10 cm).
It is an up-mast radar.
Category of ship/craft
CAT 3 CAT 2 CAT 1
Size of ship/craft < 500 gt 500 gt to < 10000 gt All ships/craft≥1000 gt
Minimum operational display area diameter 180 mm 250 mm 320 mm
Minimum display area 195 x 195 mm 270 mm x 270 mm 340 mm x 340 mm
Usually used monitor for INS600 19” TFT 24” TFT 26” TFT
Auto acquisition of targets Yes Yes Yes
Maximum ARPA target capacity of being tracked 10000 10000 10000
Maximum ARPA target capacity of being acquired 100 100 100
Activated AIS target capacity 500 500 500
Sleeping AIS target capacity 10000 1000 1000
Trial maneuver Yes Yes Yes
If the Chart Radar option is available, above categories are extended with the suffix C, like CAT 1 C or
CAT 2 C.
1.1.1 INS Compatibility
The HLD-RADAR 900 may be part of INS together with the following applications:
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 25 / 190

The following related HLD-RADAR 900 products are available:
• ECDIS
• Conning Information display(CID)
• Central Alert management(CAM)
• Serial to network gateway function (SNGF)
• Data server(PostgreSQL)
• VDR data server(PIC)
1.1.2 Functions
The Radar 900 is a color radar system designed to comply with the international standards of the
IMO. The main functions include as follow.
• Sensitivity adjustment
• Sea clutter and rain clutter suppression
• Interference rejection
• Bearing, range and position measurement using a cursor
• Range measurement using a fixed/variable range markers
• Bearing measurement using an electronic bearing line
• NAV line, PI line and marker displays
• TM (True Motion) presentation
• RM (Relative Motion) presentation
• Self-diagnostic facilities
• Radar performance monitoring (Performance Monitor)
• Target Tracking functions (manual/automatic, target acquisition and tracking, vector and trail
displays, Trial maneuver and alarm displays)
26 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

• ENC chart (option)
• Conning information display
• Central Alert HMI
1.1.3 Features
Realization of Large, Easy-to-see Screen with High Resolution
The 24&26-inch color LCD with high resolution can display radar images of 280mm or 320 mm in
diameter. Even short-range targets can also be displayed as high resolution images.
Target Detection by Latest Signal Processing Technology
The system employs the latest digital signal processing technology to eliminate undesired clutter
from the radar video signals that are obtained from the receiver with a wide dynamic range, thus
improving the target detection.
Target Tracking (TT) Function based on Advanced Technology
The target acquisition and tracking performance is enhanced by using of the fastest DSP and tracking
algorithm. It provides:
Acquisition and tracking of 100 targets.
Hazardous conditions are represented by shapes and colors of symbols as well as sounds.
Trial manoeuvre function provided.
As well as operator-created NAV lines and own ship's tracks/ARPA tracks, which is stored on the disk
can be superimpose-displayed with radar images and radar trails in all display modes including the
head-up mode.
Easy Operation with GUI
All the radar functions can be easily controlled by simply using the trackball and two switches to
operate the buttons shown on the radar display.
Improved Day/dusk/Night Illumination mode
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 27 / 190

Three types of background colors are available in Day/Dusk/Night ambient illumination modes (total
3 background colors). The brilliance of each background color can be reproduced to be suited for the
user's operating environment by simple key or trackball operation.
Compact Design and Low Power Consumption
Since an LCD has been implemented as the display device, the weight of the display is greatly
reduced and the power consumption is lowered in comparison with the conventional radar
equipment.
Self-diagnostic Program Incorporated
The Self-diagnostic program always monitors all functions of the system. If any function deteriorates,
an alarm message will appear on the radar display and an alarm sounds at the same time. Even when
the system is operating, the functionality test can be carried out. (Except on some functions)
1.2 System Inputs/outputs
The inputs and outputs are compliant with the standards. Only type approved sensors accordingly to
SOLAS chapter V, Reg. 18.1.
1.2.1 Gyro input
• Interface: IEC 61162-2 or IEC 61162-1 or IEC 61162-450.
• Data: conforms to IEC 61162-2 or IEC 61162-1 or IEC 61162-450.
• Message update rate: from 5Hz to 20Hz.
If the lower message update rate is used then the tracking precision is be compromised.
Gyro with standardized IEC 61162-2 or IEC 61162-1 interface are supported only. Other interfaces
NOTE
(for example, Synchro or 6 step/◦ gyros) are not supported.
1.2.2 Log input
It is recommended to get the log input from two different sources. For example, if the STW from
28 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
speed log is in use, true trails and target tracking data are set as water stabilized. The longitudinal
and transverse data are got from the log, if available. The accuracy of tracked target trails and vector
data using a single axis log is only degraded when operating in the true trails mode, while for the
relative trails mode, the data is not affected.
1.2.3 Position input (EPFS)
1.2.4 AIS input/output
• Data: conforms to IEC 61162-2 or IEC 61162-1 or IEC 61162-450, ITU M.1371-2.
1.2.5 VDR output
• Interface: IEC 61162-450 and analogue VGA output.
• Data: captured screen image, which conforms to IEC 61162-450 and 61996-1
The delivery of captured radar screen image via Ethernet is the only option for the screen
NOTE
resolutions not supported by VGA output or by VDR video capturing device.
1.2.6 BNWAS output
• Interface: IEC 61162-1 or IEC 61162-450.
• Data: Emergency Call alarm and General event message with respect to IEC 61162-1 or IEC
61162-450.
1.2.7 Radar system failure alarm output
• Interface: isolated pair of normally closed contacts.
• Data: contacts are opened in case of radar system failure, accordingly to IEC 62388.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 29 / 190

1.2.8 Radar data and alerts output
• Data: all sentences required by IEC 62388, conforms to IEC 61162-2 or IEC 61162-1 or IEC
61162-450.
1.2.9 Sentences used in the HLD-RADAR 900 System

Input Output
Parameter Sentence format Parameter Sentence format
Time and date $--ZDA Activity information $--EVE
Geographic position $--GLL General alert handling $--ALF
$--GGA $--ALC
$--GND $--ARC
$--RMC $--HBT
AIS target and own ship !--VDM Emergency call for BNWAS $--ALR
information !--VDO
Datum $--DTM Own ship data $--OSD
Heading $--THS Radar system data $--RSD
$--HDT
Speed $--VBW Tracked target data !--TTD
$--VTG $--TLB
$--VHW
Alert handling $--ACK
$--ACN
$--HBT
1.3 System Diagram
The minimal configuration diagram of the radar workstation is represented on the Figure 1.
30 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 1 System diagram
The diagram includes the minimal set of mandatory sensors and reference systems, other sensors
(wind, VRS, additional GPS, etc.) may be configured.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 31 / 190

2 THE USER INTERFACE
Each HLD-RADAR 900 system consists of Radar application and Conning application. And Conning
contains night pages, Navigation, Docking, AIS, NAVTEX, CAM, CAM History, Records, CCRS, and
Sensor.
To switch the applications, the Side panel is used, which is hidden usually and will appear by clicking
the button on the upper right corner or moving cursor to this corner. See details in Section 2.8.
2.1 Radar interface
The user interface includes main display area and control panel.
32 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

1 Plan Position Indicator (PPI)

Radar operational area. It is host to the radar image, AIS targets, navigation tools and maps.
Navigation tools inclue EBL (Electronic Bearing Line), PI (Parallel Index) lines and VRM (Variable Range Marker).
2 Own ship window
Data from the ship sensors and operation status indicator
3 Control window
This panel contains the Target, Route, and Menu panels. Use the proper tab for switching between the panels.
4 Alert panel
List of active alerts with filter, silence, and acknowledge functions.
5 System information
Source, mode, pulse, and priority details.
6 Presentation mode
Own ship center, azimuth display mode, stabilization mode, motion mode and day/night mode;
ON/OFF switchers: default setting, hiding synthetic drawings, hiding heading line, charts display, maps display
and printing screen..
7 The cursor position information
When the cursor is inside the radar operational area, the current cursor coordinates are displayed as well as
range and bearing from the ship to the current cursor position.
8 Measurement tools
Active EBL and VRM markers details (state, value). See 9.5.
9 Range settings
Range scale and rings details (state, value). See 4.6.
10 Radar and signal processing
Sliders: Gain, sea clutter suppression, rain/snow clutter suppression.
Switcher: Targets enhance, Scan-to-scan correlation, IR. See 4.5.
11 Target indicators
Switchers: CPA, TCPA.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 33 / 190

Trail, vector and past position settings – interval and true/relative modes.
12 AIS display and AIS filter
Switches AIS targets display and AIS filter ON/OFF.
And opens the AIS filter settings when filter is ON.
13 Radar and signal processing modes
Manual, AUTO. See 4.4.
14 Tuning slider, AFC mode
15 Switchers
Switchers to all parallel indexes (PI) and the button to acitvate Maps function. The Maps data display will only
be available whent the Maps here is activated.
NOTE 2 together with 3 and 4 are located in the Control panel.
In certains version of software, there is no 15 on interface, more details indicated on 7, and the
NOTE
loctation of 12 changes.
As a measurement reference (VRM/EBL, cursor) for all navigation tools (maps, charts, PI etc.) and
features (targets, AZ etc.), the Own Ship Consistent Common Reference Point (CCRP) is used. It can
differ from the radar origin as shown at picture below:
NOTE
2.1.1 Control panel
Control panel is located at the right side of the main display.
Three main consoles are located at this area:
 Own Ship window (see 2.4.3)
 Control window (see the details below)
 Alert panel (see 7.2)
The Control window includes three panels with tabs used for switching between them:
• Target (see 8.8)
• Route (see 9.4)
• Menu(see2.1.2)
34 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Additionally this area is used for displaying parameters and settings for the virtual keyboard (see
Virtual keyboard on 2.9) when necessary.
2.1.2 The Menu
The menu is available with the <MENU> tab on the Control window. It has 13 user submenus. The
service submenu is used for installation settings.
1 CHART
Chart menu, see 6.3.
2 MAPS
Maps settings, see 9.3.
3 PI
Parallel index lines settings. Also available by the screen shortcut. See 9.1.
4 ANCH
Anchor watch alarm function settings. See 9.6.
5 TGT SET
Target tracking settings. See 8.2.
6 AUTO ZONE
Automatic acquisition/activation zone. Also available by the screen shortcut. See 5.5.
7 AIS MENU
See 8.10.
8 SIMULATION
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 35 / 190

Simulation mode. See 13.2.
9 TRIAL MANOEUVRE
Trial maneuvers settings. See 13.1.
10 DISPLAY SET
Display settings, see 4.7.2.
11 OWN SHIP SENSORS
Input of manual values for speed, set and drift.
12 RADAR
Radar settings menu. See 5.1.
13 SYSTEM
Language, independently setting color mode, maintenance, self-test and version. See 4.7.1.
2.2 Conning interface
In the Conning application, the tabs which user may use to switch to different pages are located on
the top of the screen. The main presentation area is below the tabs. The current tab turns to blue.
2.3 Buttons
Functions are activated by means of buttons that indicate the current status or provide access to a
temporary function (parameter settings).
Depending on the ship’s configuration, functions/buttons may, or may not, be present. For instance,
the CHART button is only shown when the Chart option is provided.
To modify a parameter, the user must activate the relevant control button. This may be a function
button, for instance <AFC>, or a slider, for instance <GAIN>. In both cases the current parameter
setting is shown next to, or on, the button. The slider button also indicates the setting with a blue bar.
When activated, the button turns blue.
36 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

The following types of buttons are commonly used:
• Function
• Menu
• Toggle
• Operate
2.3.1 Function buttons
When the function button is enabled, it is switched whenever the button is clicked.
The activated button changes its background color and text. Matching function is enabled as soon as
the button is activated.(The pictures in the table below are original.)
The buttons for EBL/VRM are a litter different from the common ones, see 9.5 for details.
Disabled Enabled Activated
Grey text White text White text

Black background Black background Blue background
2.3.2 Menu buttons
A menu button text shows the value, selected by user.
Click on the menu button and drop down list of values will be displayed. When the option is selected,
the menu is closed. The background color does not change.
Normal state Clicked state with drop-down items list
NOTE An items list may include the OFF option.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 37 / 190

2.3.3 Toggle buttons
The buttons have two states and is intended to switch between these states. These can be ON and
OFF states as well as two different values. The current state is displayed on the button.
For example, the RINGS switcher controls the rings visibility. When the visibility is ON, the distance
between the rings is displayed. The value depends on the range value and cannot be changed by
user.
2.3.4 Operate buttons
These are service buttons that are intended for user navigation in menus and other purposes. The
buttons do not change their states and colors.
2.3.5 Sliders
Slider controls are used for following values: tune, gain, sea clutter suppression, and rain clutter
suppression.
Click on the slider bar to enable it for changes. Its color turns blue and cursor symbol disappears.
Move trackball right and left to set the desired value and then click one more time. The value is set;
the slide bar turns to standard state and color.
The <TRAIL> and <PAST POSN> interval is controlled in the same way although it has different
NOTE
design.
2.4 Other Controls
The system uses other standard controls described below.
2.4.1 Check box
The check box control has two states when available. To toggle the check box, left click on it. Its
state changes from ‘ticked off’ to ‘ticked on’ or vice versa.
38 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

2.4.2 Input box
The input box control is used for entering characters and numbers.
Click on the control for activation. Then use the system keyboard or virtual keyboard for entering.
2.4.3 Information console
Current data (for example Own ship data) is displayed in the information consoles. This information is
read only and cannot be edited by user directly. See 4.8 for more details.
Own ship window
1 Primary navigational data with sources

2 Time format selector
3 The system load indicator
2.4.4 Tabs
If pane, window or dialog contains two or more pages, the tab control is used for switching between
the pages.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 39 / 190

2.4.5 Latitude/Longitude Input Box
The Latitude/Longitude input boxes are used for latitude and longitude input.
A new input window appears when clicking on the input area. After entering, click the <OK> button
to confirm the input, or click the <Cancel> to drop the input.
2.5 Cursor Shapes
The cursor shape and visibility depends on position on the screen and selected function. The primary
symbols are the cross hair and arrow. The cursor is used within the PPI to specify a target or location.
Within the Own Ship window, the Control window, the Alerts window and the four corners of the
Display Panel, the cursor is used to select buttons and function options, and to vary function
parameters. The cursor symbol changes from a cross-hair inside the PPI to an arrow outside of the
PPI.
Additional cursor symbols are provided for specific tasks within the PPI, for example positioning an
EBL or a VRM, or making target acquisition/activation. These intuitive cursors are designed to assist
the user and indicate the active mode of the cursor. The additional cursors are temporary and are
only shown when a specific function has been selected. On completion of the task, the primary cross
hair symbol is restored.
When the cursor is not in use, the cursor position is retained at its previous position. This allows the
user to easily locate the cursor.
Type Symbol Description Actions

Standard Within the Radar Operational Area, the Left double click acquires target (Radar
radar cursor screen cursor symbol is usually in the form target) or activates AIS target.
of a cross hair. The cursor is used to specify a Left click on a target selects the target.
location on the screen. The cursor’s latitude, Left click in any other area resets the
longitude and true bearing and range are target selection.
indicated in the CURS area whenever the Right double click on target deletes
40 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Type Symbol Description Actions
cursor is within the bearing scale. target (tracked Radar target) or (de-)
activates AIS target.
Function Outside the Radar operational area the Left click on a selected control.
cursor cursor symbol changes to an arrow. This
cursor is used to select a function button,
adjust a function bar level, or to select a
menu option.
Off center This cursor shape is shown when the OFF When this shape is visible, the own ship’s
cursor CENT function is active, and the cursor is in position will be (off)set to the position of
the possible offset area of the PPI. Outside the user’s left click.
the possible offset area, the cursor shows its
standard shape.
Chart object This cursor will be indicated only after
selection pressing the Pick up Properties button in the
cursor Chart Option dialog. After the object is
selected the Pick up Properties loses its
active state and the cursor is handled as
usual.
EBL EBL adjustment function is activated; the This cursor informs navigator that any
adjustment cursor is located in PPI. Trackball movement with left button
cursor pressed will modify the bearing of EBL
accordingly.
VRM VRM adjustment function is activated; the This cursor informs navigator that any
adjustment cursor is located in PPI. Trackball movement with left button
cursor pressed will modify VRM position
accordingly.
ERBL/PI ERBL/PI adjustment function is activated; This cursor informs navigator that any
adjustment the cursor is located in PPI. Trackball movement with left button
cursor pressed will modify both VRM and EBL
positions accordingly.
VRM/EBL off VRM/EBL off center function is activated; Trackball movement with left button
center cursor the cursor is located in PPI pressed causes the appropriate
movement of center of selected
VRM/EBL pair.
2.6 Symbols
Symbols used in the display are compliant with IMO MSC.191 (79) and IEC 62388/62288. Some
examples are shown in a table below. Symbols not mentioned in the table are described in the
relevant chapters of this manual.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 41 / 190

2.6.1 Heading line
The heading line is drawn parallel to the ship’s fore axis indicating the current own ship heading. The
heading line begin at CCRP of own ship and are drawn to the edge of the video display. The heading
line is always displayed.
The bearing of the heading line is dependent on the presentation mode.
• In H UP mode the line are always drawn vertically.
• In C UP mode the line are initially drawn vertically and change dependent on the current
heading bearing.
• In N UP mode the line are drawn at the current compass heading.
When own ship is off-center, the heading line bearing is automatically adjusted so that the scale is
always referenced correctly.
To hide the heading line temporarily, click and hold the button. The heading line and other
synthetics will be suppressed too until the button is released.
To only hide the heading line temporarily, click and hold the button. The heading line will be
suppressed until the button is released.
2.6.2 List of symbols

Object Symbol Description
Own ship For this object a symbol with the heading line and
a beam line intersecting at the CCRP. At lower
range scales, the own ship outline is shown as
well (lower figure). The heading line (HL) extends
to the bearing scale.
42 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Object Symbol Description
Velocity Vector, vector (top) originates at CCRP, extending in the
own ship direction of COG or CTW (Course Through Water:
direction of ship’s movement through water
defined by the angle between the meridian
through its position and the direction of the
ship’s movement through the water, in angular
units from true north). Vector length represents
the distance own ship will travel during the
User-specified time.
Velocity vector, Two types of targets are represented: Tracked
target vector target at the top and Activated AIS target at the
bottom.
Dotted line is Course, solid line is Heading. The
AIS target may have a turn indicator at the end of
the heading line (small line perpendicular to the
heading line, in the direction of turn).
Past track – past The user can select Past Positions along the past
positions track, vary the duration (with button) and set the
time marker intervals (Target Settings menu). Past
positions are maintained after mode or range
change.
If Auto Scale Target Settings in Target Setting is
On, duration is range dependent.
Radar Targets in the When the target is acquired but not in memory
acquisition state yet, it is shown as a broken circle.
In Auto Zones, new targets (not acquired yet)
have a bold broken circle and generate alarm.
Dangerous Tracked This type of targets is red and flash until
Targets acknowledged by the user. The red color is
maintained until the target is no longer a threat.
Sleeping AIS Target The target is shown as a small triangle, orientated
to the reported heading. If there is no reported
heading or COG, the triangle is orientated
towards the top of the bearing scale.
A Selected Target The target is shown as a broken square around
the tracked target. A similar symbol is used for
AIS targets.
A Lost Target The target is shown by a red cross symbol over
the appropriate target symbol (the radar target
symbol is shown in the table) . The symbol flashes
until acknowledged.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 43 / 190

2.7 Default Colors
A combination of DAY and NIGHT color palettes and brilliance levels meet the requirements for dusk
and dawn conditions. The primary functions and corresponding default colors are:
Radar image (Day) - Yellow

Radar image (Night) - Red
VRM/EBL - Orange
Own Ship and related symbols - White
Targets and symbols - Green/Red
PI lines - White/Magenta/Blue/Green
Maps - White/Green/Grey/Magenta (plus icons)
Route - Red
Automatic acquisition/activation zones - Cyan/Green
Blank sectors (TX Muted) - Magenta
Advisory symbols (T, S, etc.) - Blue
2.8 Side Panel
Side panel is hidden usually. Move the cursor to the upper right corner of the screen or click the
button on this corner to open it.
User may switch applications, adjust brilliance, shut down and restart the system by Side panel.
RADAR Switches to the radar task
CONNING Switches to the conning task
CAM Central alarm management: opens the CAM page
SYSTEM Activates the System configuration and settings page.
A Brilliance slider. Use the trackball to set the brilliance level of the monitor.
RESTART Restarts the system
SHUT DOWN Shut downs the system
44 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

In case of Chart Radar, the brilliance of the monitor requires the calibration for compliancy with
NOTE
regulations. The manual adjustment could compromise the presentation of ENC charts.
2.9 Virtual Keyboard
The screen keyboard can be used in all cases where alphanumeric data input is required. No
hardware keyboard is necessary for the full functionality. The keyboard dialog changes depending on
the task. It is available for the user to input, for example, the name of a ship. For example, OWN
SHIPS SENSORS, the INPUT PASSWORD keyboard is shown where password protection is used.
When the keyboard is open, use the trackball for selecting symbol or action.
The keyboard is activated for the following operations:
• Input a file name when saving maps or PI lines;
• Input text as geographically based text objects in the MAPS Dialog menu;
• Input text or a digital value in the SYSTEM Dialog menu;
• Editing the name of a selected tracked target.
1 Field to display text input

2 Numerical keyboard
3 Alphabetical keyboard (includes special symbols
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 45 / 190

4 Backspace
5 Confirm input
6 Back without saving
46 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

3 HUMAN INTERFACE UNIT (HMI)

3.1 Human Interface Unit Overview
The Human Interface Unit is the human machine interface (HMI) device that includes a standard
‘QWERTY’ keyboard, trackball, function keys, and rotary knobs.
Current states and modes are indicated on the display only. The Human Interface Unit
NOTE
switchers and knobs are secondary tools and do not provide full functionality.
1 Power switch
Power on/off the station. Press and hold for 3 seconds for shutting down.
2 QWERTY keyboard
Alphanumeric input device. The Enter key has additional functionality: alert acknowledgment.
3 Trackball system
Includes trackball, left button, and right button. The trackball is used for moving the cursor, the buttons
provide left click, double click, and right click correspondingly.
See 3.2 for details
4 Adjustment rotary knobs
Tune, Rain, Sea, Gain knobs and indicators.
See 3.3 for details.
5 EBL (Electronic Bearing Line) rotary knob and keys
See 3.5 for details
6 VRM (Variable Range Marker) rotary knob and keys
See 3.6 for details
7 Alarm acknowledge key
8 Function keys
Transmission/Standby, Target Enhance, Target data, Manual acquisition, Cancel acquisition, Motion mode, T/R
vector, Chart, Trails, Data OFF.See 3.4 for details.
9 Radar view options, set 1
Range, Azimuth stabilization mode, Center offsetting.
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See 3.7 for details
10 Radar view options, set 2, and keyboard illumination
AIS, Color scheme, DIMs.
3.2 Trackball System
1 Trackball
2 Left button
3 Right button
The following are terminology and descriptions of the operator’s standard trackball functions:
• Cursor: a small mobile icon. See 2.5 for details.
• Locate cursor: move cursor into a position on the screen by the trackball.
• Click the left button (left click): press and release the trackball left button.
• Click the right button (right click): locate the cursor on the selected position, object or
control, press the trackball right button.
• Double click the left button: press and release twice the trackball left button.
Throughout this manual, the terms 'click' and 'double click' assume the left button. It is specifically
NOTE
stated when the right button is applicable.
3.3 Adjustment Rotary Knobs
1 Tune
2 Sea
3 Rain
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4 Gain
Common actions for adjusting selected parameter are the following:
1. Press the selected knob to switch the proper function in the manual mode.
2. Turn the knob clockwise to increase or counterclockwise to decrease the selected parameter.
The main state indication is located in the software GUI. The Sea/Rain/Gain modes can be
NOTE switched with GUI (and trackball system) only. The Sea/Rain/Gain knobs are in work when
operating in the Manual mode only.
The default mode for TUNE is automatic.

CAUTION Use the manual tune mode only when the best tuning is not possible in the automatic tune
mode, for example in case if the magnetron is not available.
3.4 Function Keys
1 TX / STBY
The Transmission / Standby switch key. When the radar power is switched on the, 3 minutes warming up is
provided. The transmission is not available by that time. After warming up is completed, the Transmit and
Stand by modes could be toggled with referenced button.
2 TARGET ENHANCE
Starts the Target enhance. See 4.5.1 for details.
3 TARGET DATA
Displays digital data of tracked targets.
4 ACQ MANUAL
Switch on the manual acquisition mode. Then each single click at the radar screen will force the manual
target acquisition. If this mode is not active, the target still could be manually acquired with double click.
5 ACQ CANCEL
Switch off the manual acquisition mode.
6 T/R MOTION
Set the radar motion mode. See 4.7.4 for details.
7 T/R VECTOR
Set the vector display mode. See 8.1.1.
8 CHART
Switches the charts display on/off.
9 TRAILS
Switches the trails display on/off.
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10 DATA OFF
Switches off the graphics that is not HL, range rings, EBL, and VRM.
3.5 EBL Rotary Knob and Keys
1 Rotary knob
2 The EBL 1 key
3 The EBL 2 key
Two keys are for EBL1 and EBL2 selection.
1. Press one of the EBL keys. The proper EBL is selected.
2. Rotate the knob to set the bearing.
3. Press the knob to adjust the bearing more precisely. The selected EBL can be changed
from 0.1o to 1o while rotating.
4. Press the knob to return to normal mode.
3.6 VRM Rotary Knob and Keys
1 Rotary knob
2 The VRM 1 key
3 The VRM 2 key
Two keys are for VRM1 and VRM2 selection.
1. Press one of the VRM keys. The proper VRM is selected.
2. Rotate the knob to set the range.
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3. Press the knob to adjust the range more precisely. The selected VRM can be changed from
0.01 NM to 0.1 NM while rotating.
4. Press the knob to return to normal mode.
3.7 Radar View Options
1 Range increasing key

Increases the range to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 NM.
2 Range decreasing key
Decreases the range to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 NM.
3 Set the azimuth stabilization mode
Switching to Heading up, North up, and Course up modes are available. The Trail up mode is available with
trackball only.
See 4.7.3 for details.
4 Offset key
Switches the display mode to 75% center offset and back.
AIS
1
Switches on/off the AIS target indication.
Color mode
2
Switches the display to the day, dusk, and night modes.
The keyboard illumination increasing key
3
Increases brightness of the keyboard backlight.
The keyboard illumination decreasing key
4
Decreases brightness of the keyboard backlight.
NOTE Brightness of the keyboard illumination cannot be decreased to 0.
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4 BASIC OPERATIONS
4.1 Operation Flow
It is prohibited to put anything on the operational panel. Do not put anything on the
operation panel.
CAUTION
Do not impact to the operation panel, trackball, or controls. Otherwise, any failure or
damage may result.
Usually the operation flow is four steps as follow.
Each operation is described in detail below.
1. Power on and start the system.
2. Input navigation information.
3. Observe and adjust video
4. Acquire and measure data
5. Display and measure with reference to CCRP
6. End the operation and stop the system.
4.2 Turn ON and Turn Off the System

When new radar is installed or a magnetron is replaced, the system should stay in standby
CAUTION
mode for 20 minutes or more.
1. Press Power ON/OFF button on the Human Interface Unit and hold the key for 3 seconds
to power the system on. The preheating countdown is displayed on the PPI. The mode is
STBY and control is disabled.
2. Wait for 3 minutes of preheating. The status button becomes enabled and it is allowed to
switch the transmission on.
3. Click the Status button (see 4.4.2) or press the TX/STBY key on the Human Interface Unit
(see 3.4). The radar will start transmission and the antenna will start rotating.
NOTE The radar does not start transmission if you press [TX/STBY] key while preheating countdown is on.
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Make sure that the area around the antenna is clear of personnel and equipment when turning
WARNING
ON the radar power supply.
Before turn off the system it is required to stop operations. Press the TX/STBY key. This stops
transmission and antenna rotation. The TX button on the display changes to STBY.
After that, press and hold for 3 seconds the Power ON/OFF button on the keyboard.
CAUTION Only the master station controls the TX/STBY key and switching operations on and off.
In case if the radar video looks suspiciously unchanged, verify the regular update of time indication.
It must be updated each second even with no connection to any sensors. The unchanged time in
combination with frozen video means the complete system freeze. Turn to power of radar
workstation off and then on again after 30 seconds as minimum.
4.3 Adjusting Display Brightness
At first start-up the display brilliance is set to 80%. When the unit is restarted the brilliance is
automatically set to the level it was prior to switching the unit off.
The brightness is adjusted with the slider on the side panel (see 2.8).
Buttons for control of the transceiver and signal processing features are clustered in the left upper
corner of the radar display.
4.4 Radar Sensor and Signal Processing
Buttons for control of the transceiver and signal processing features are clustered in the left upper
corner of the radar display.
4.4.1 RADAR selection
The control is really a digital interswitch control. In case of numerous HLD 900 Series Radars
(maximum 4) installed on the bridge, each of them could be selected for operation at each radar (or
multifunction) workstation. The current choice (radar sensor name and band) is displayed on the
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control (see an example below).
4.4.2 Status
The control displays the current status of the system.
Normally the status is set by the user, but the system may reset the status to the standby or not
ready in case of failures.
Available values are:
• STBY (standby)
• TX (transmit)
The following functions are only available when the radar is in transmitting mode:
• Display Radar video
• Pulse length selection (see 4.4.3)
• Gain, rain and sea anti clutter control (see 4.5.4.)
• Optimize performance
• Tracking target
• Measure data
See 4.2 for more details.
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4.4.3 PL (Pulse length)
The control displays the current pulse length value. The option can be selected by the user or
automatically.
The following values are available:
• Short pulses (SP) are used at close range to improve the discrimination and range accuracy of
received echoes.
• Long Pulses (LP) are used at long range to improve the ability of the radar to pick out targets
at distance.
• Medium Pulse (MP) is a pulse length used as an optimum between discrimination and long
range detection.
A short pulse length will provide better echo discrimination and may mean that small echoes on
lower range scales and/or moving at higher speed do not always correlate, i.e. are not always
confirmed. The selected pulse length should be compatible with the sea state, rainfall (precipitation)
and adequate echo discrimination.
The default pulse length (PL) and optional pulse length(s) for each range scale are the following:
• SP is optimal on the 1.5NM range and below
• MP is optimal in the 03NM range
• LP is optimal at 6NM range and above
NOTE The pulse length can only be changed on a master workstation.
If the pulse length is changed when the current range scale is outside the permitted pulse length
range and the range scale is changed to a value outside the currently selected pulse length setting,
the current indicate of Pulse lengths will be change to yellow.
To change the pulse length as following:
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1. Click on the PL button. This will toggle through the available choices for the pulse length.
2. Left click on the pulse length you want to use.
4.4.4 MASTER
Click on the <Set Master> button to set the current radar work station the master radar of current
band. The button will turn blue and the character will change to ‘Master’.
The master radar may set the functions of signal processing and radar antenna, such as GAIN, SEA
and RAIN.
4.4.5 TUNE
The system provides automatic and manual tune modes.
The default mode is automatic.

CAUTION Use the manual tune mode only when best tuning is not possible in the automatic tune
mode, for example in case of magnetron is not available.
The slider indicates the tune response.
While operating in the automatic tune mode, the tuning level is adjusted of the transmitting
frequency and the receiving frequency, and the manual tune mode enables tuning to be adjusted by
using the knob located on the operation panel (keyboard) or using the trackball.
To adjust tune manually with the trackball:
1. Switch the AFC OFF.
2. Click on the Tune control. It is activated and has the blue background. The cursor symbol
disappears.
3. Move the trackball left to set the maximum tune value.
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4. Click on the control. The tune is adjusted.
When AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) is ON, tuning is held on by AFC.
To adjust tune manually with the knob (see 3.3):
1. Press the [TUNE] knob to set the manual tune mode.
2. Turn the [TUNE] knob to make adjustments so that the tuning bar is maximized.
AFC: Normally ON to optimize tuning for all pulse lengths.
4.5 Adjusting the Radar Image
In additional to tuning the sensitivity of the radar receiver, it is possible to improve the radar image
by adjusting the gain, by suppression sea clutter, rain or other weather conditions.
The appropriate controls location is in the lower left corner of the radar display.
4.5.1 ENH (Target enhance)
The function increases target geometric size for better target visibility. It is available via the ENH
button.
• ENH OFF: Select this mode particularly when resolution is required.
• ENH1: Select this mode to easily view the radar echoes. Radar echoes are expanded by 1
pixels in all directions on the display.
• ENH2: Select this mode to easily view the radar echoes. Radar echoes are expanded by
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almost 2 pixels in all directions on the display.
When ENH is selected, sea and rain/snow clutter may increase. When using this expansion mode,
NOTE
operate [SEA] knob and [RAIN] knob to suppress sea and rain/snow clutters.
Applies signal processing to increase the target size geometrically and improves target visibility.
Though the processing also reduces clutter to some extent, it is advised that clutter is first reduced to
minimize enhancement of false echoes.
4.5.2 SC/SC (Multi-scan integration)
In Ground-stabilized mode, SC/SC (scan to scan) correlates the radar images of several scans. Echoes
that are observed over several scans are deemed genuine. SC/SC correlation suppresses clutter &
interference, while retaining genuine targets, including fast targets.
In Sea stabilized mode, the recognition of fixed objects may be impaired.
SC/SC is a local setting.
Active SC/SC correlation increases the risk of loss for the high speed targets having zero
NOTE
overlapping of plots at consequent scans at small radar range scales.
4.5.3 IR (Interference rejection)
Select the rejection level from drop down menu.
When viewing a radar beacon or SART signal, select (Interference Rejection OFF) because IR
CAUTION
processing suppresses the video.
With IR (3) selected, the level of detection of small targets (for example buoys and small boats) is
CAUTION
very low. In general condition it is recommended to select IR (2).
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4.5.4 Signal processing
Only master radar may set the parameters of singal processing and antenna, such as gain, sea
NOTE
clutter and rain clutter. See 4.4.4 for more details.
4.5.4.1 GAIN
A Gain control function is provided to set the radar signal amplitude threshold as a means to
optimize the content of the radar image. A numerical value and a colored bar show the current Gain
setting. The Gain threshold is uniform independent of range. The Gain level should be set at a value
where a light speckle of noise is visible, indicating that the Gain threshold is at an optimum level for
target detection. The standard default GAIN setting is 80%.
4.5.4.2 RAIN
The rain function applies a uniform filter (fast time constant - FTC) to the radar signal independent of
range. It provides an effective means to reduce the visibility of rain and wet snow precipitation.
Heavy rain will attenuate radar signals, particularly where the X-band radar frequency is in use. A
numerical value and a colored RAIN level bar show the current RAIN anti-clutter setting. To adjust
RAIN: select the RAIN button; it turns blue to indicate an active status. Adjust the level in order to
suppress clutter as much as possible, while the targets remain visible.
Application of the RAIN function reduces most of the rain clutter, however coastlines may be thinned.
In heavy rain, use short pulse (SP). It may be advantageous to marginally reduce the GAIN setting.
WARNING If the Rain clutter level is too high, small targets may be missed.
4.5.4.3 SEA
SEA is an anti-clutter function provided primarily to reduce clutter in the radar image at lower ranges.
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The function provides a time dependent swept gain (STC), with a lower sensitivity at close range
while restoring sensitivity at a longer range. It is distance-dependent filtering. A numerical value and
a colored SEA level bar show the current SEA setting. To adjust SEA: select the SEA button; it turns
blue to indicate an active status. Adjust the level in order to suppress clutter as much as possible,
while the targets remain visible.
Some minimal amount of clutter should be retained to achieve optimum target detection.
WARNING If the Sea clutter level is too high, small targets at close ranges may be missed.
4.5.4.4 MAN
The manual adjusting is available for Gain/Sea/Rain. The manual SEA parameters are set on
installation (via the SYSTEM SETTINGS Menu) to compensate for the height of the radar antenna.
4.5.4.5 AUTO
The AUTO button toggles the Auto threshold function ON and OFF. Auto can be used for most
conditions likely to be encountered, including in confined waters. The Auto function generates a
dynamic threshold from previous transmissions and influences the gain, sea and rain functions. The
initial level in Auto Threshold mode is based on the default values of Gain, Sea and Rain. When
selected, the Auto threshold will quickly adapt to the local clutter environment to generate an
optimum threshold. In AUTO, the RAIN and SEA controls are inactive. It is recommended to adjust
the GAIN setting, which acts as an offset when AUTO is ON, each time there is a significant change in
seagoing conditions, for example after moving from open sea to coastal areas.
The dynamic threshold is based on a weighted average of radar signals to provide a processed
automatic operational setting and is recommended for most applications. The AUTO filter thresholds
are automatically calculated over the whole range, without limitation.
This mode is especially useful in bad weather conditions, when all types of clutter are not evenly
distributed around the own ship. The Auto mode applies sophisticated filtering and is recommended
for optimal observance of small radar echoes and SARTs. The Auto function defaults to OFF
whenever the display is switched completely to OFF.
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The radar image in AUTO mode will show a reduction in land features compared to normal manual
NOTE
operation, however this is usually not critical for navigation.
NOTE While switching to automatic mode, the previous manual settings are reset.
4.6 Range Scale and Range Rings
For range settings use buttons on the right upper corner of the radar display.
Click the RANGE button and select the required value from the drop-down list. The available values
are: 0.125,0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 NM.
Alternatively, use the RANGE+ and RANGE- keys on the Human Interface Unit (see 3.7).
Click on the RINGS button and select OFF for hiding the rings (see Figure 2).
Figure 2 PPI with the rings OFF
The ring value will be set automatically when the rings are displayed.
The range and corresponding range rings can be set to one of the following combinations:
Range 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.5 3 6 12 24 48 96
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Range Rings distance 0.025 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16
NOTE Range selection may also influence pulse length selection. See 4.4.3.
4.7 Radar View Options
The most of the options are located at the upper left corner of the radar display just under the radar
sensor and signal processing set. The set contains the MAPS button that enables or disables Maps
and also behaves as shortcut to the Maps menu, located on the Control window on the right of the
Radar display.
4.7.1 Color mode
To set the proper color mode, click on the DAY/DUSK/NIGHT button and select the mode from the
drop-down list. The current mode is displayed on the button.
The other way: press the DAY/NIGHT key on the Human Interface Unit (see 3.7) until the proper
mode is set.
4.7.2 Display settings
To customize brilliance values of different objects, click the <DISPLAY SET> button in the < MENU >.
The Display set dialog appears.
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Use sliders to set the selected object brilliance:
• Radar
• Radar contour
• Target symbols
• Map symbols
• Own ship symbol
• Navigation tools
• Chart
Reset the parameters values to default when required by clicking the button with the name on it.
To show/hide own ship outline and STAB indicator, click the proper button.
4.7.3 Azimuth stabilization mode
H/N/C UP button: Mode selection is done via a drop down menu.
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4.7.3.1 H UP
The ship’s heading marker is always shown vertically upwards indicating straight ahead movement,
no matter what own ship’s current bearing is (see Figure 3). The bearing scale moves to display the
ship’s current heading at the top of the video circle.
Figure 3 Heading Up view
Motion mode is always relative but trails and vector modes may be relative or true. If the vector
mode is true then own ship vector is displayed.
In this mode, the own ship circle symbol is not displayed if the range scale is greater than 3NM. The
circle symbol is restored if the range scale is 3NM or smaller.
4.7.3.2 N UP
The 000° indication on the PPI represents north (see Figure 4). The heading line on the PPI is
oriented according to own ship heading obtained from the gyro compass. When the ship turns the
heading line changes its direction according to the ship's heading, while the radar image remains
stabilized.
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The North up orientation is not available if no heading source is connected to the radar. If heading
data is lost, the system will automatically switch to Head-up orientation.
If the vector mode is TRUE then own ship’s vector is displayed.
Figure 4 North Up view
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4.7.3.3 C UP
Figure 5 Course Up view
The top of the bearing scale indicates the ship’s true course measured from north at the time Course
up was activated (see Figure 5). When the ship turns the bearing scale remains fixed, while the
heading line rotates with the ship's yawing and course change.
The Course up orientation is reset by re-selecting the Course up mode.
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4.7.3.4 T UP
Figure 6 Trail Up view
The bearing scale is drawn with own ship’s trail positioned vertically (see Figure 6).
4.7.4 Radar Motion mode
The radar has two possible motion modes: True or Relative. Use the <RM(R/T)> button or [T/R
MOTION] key on the keyboard for switching the mode.
4.7.4.1 Relative motion
The RM(R) indication is displayed.
In Relative motion the ship remains in a fixed location on the Radar PPI, and all other objects move
relative to its position (see Figure 7).
The advantage of this mode over true motion is that a constant range ahead of own ship is always
shown, so there is no need to reset the display.
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Figure 7 Relative Motion mode
4.7.4.2 True motion
In this case the ship and all moving targets move across the Radar PPI as the ship moving. All
stationary objects remain in a fixed position, and only actually moving targets move on the radar
display (see Figure 8).
When the true motion mode is selected, the own ship’s position is set to maximal allowed offset in
the opposite direction to its course allowing for the influence of the current. Own ship starts moving
depending upon its speed and course and the influence of the current. Subsequently, when own ship
arrives at the position of maximal allowed offset, it is automatically reset to its initial position at
about maximal allowed offset in the opposite direction to its course allowing for the influence of the
current. The maximal allowed offset is about 75% of the display radius at ranges over 0.75NM and
50% of the display radius at 0.75NM and smaller display ranges.
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Figure 8 True Motion mode
4.7.4.3 Automatic changing of the Radar Motion mode
Some actions or heading data lost may change the motion mode. When the mode is changed
automatically, the message is displayed.
4.7.5 Stabilization mode
There are four stabilization modes for target tracking, ground (GPS GND), sea (STAB SEA), manual
water referenced (MAN SEA) and reference target (REF GND). The mode is set with the STAB button
that displays the current option. Also, there is an unstabilized mode (indicated as “NONE”), which is
forced in absence of heading information.
4.7.5.1 NONE
In absence of heading information no estimations regarding the own ship motion are possible.
Nevertheless, the tracker is able to keep the tracking of targets relatively to own ship. The
performance of such tracking degrades significantly at any own ship manoeuvre. In case of turns, the
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risk to lose the remote targets is very high.
The unstabilized mode could not be manually selected. It is only automatically forced in absence of
heading.
4.7.5.2 GPS GND
The ground mode of target tracking is the default one. It requires presence of SOG and COG from the
GPS sensor and heading from gyro. In case of GPS sensor failure, the Sea stabilization is automatically
forced (if possible). When the GPS sensor recovers, the previously selected mode is restored
automatically. This stabilization mode gives the best precision of own ship motion estimations in
consistent environment (no significant changes of drift value).
4.7.5.3 STAB SEA
The sea stabilization mode of target tracking takes the speed information from LOG sensor and
heading from gyro. If the LOG sensor is lost, the mode will be changed to Manual Sea stabilization
mode, referenced to the manual input STW value. When LOG sensor recovers, the Sea mode is
restored automatically. Using the single axis LOG doesn’t give the precise information about real own
ship motion. So far, the estimation of own ship position in case of significant drift are rather
approximate. Nevertheless, this mode doesn’t compromise the collision avoidance task as the
calculation of the relative vectors remains possible with high enough precision.
4.7.5.4 MAN SEA
The sea stabilization with manual speed input mode of target tracking requires the up to date
manual specification of STW. It’s relatively safe for collision avoidance task, if the own ship speed
remains stable. Even some error in manual specification of the speed doesn’t influence much on the
relative vector calculations. It can’t guarantee the appropriate tracking performance in case of
unstable own ship speed. Then, in case if the reliable stationary objects are present nearby, the
Reference target stabilization mode is better.
4.7.5.5 REF GND
Ground stabilization will normally use a positioning system, for example DGPS. Only in the event of
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positioning system failure, a reference target can be used to provide some of the functionality
(provided if a gyro is still available). To achieve the reliable ground stabilization using a reference
target, only a truly stable target should be used as a reference point. A reference target is assumed to
be a geographically fixed object, for example a navigation buoy or a land based feature.
To designate a target as a reference target:
1. If not yet done so, press the ACQ/ACT button and select the required target in the radar image;
alternatively, double-click on the required target
2. Select the <REF GND> option in the Stabilization drop-down list
3. Go to the List tab of the <TARGETS>.
4. Click the target button and then the <Select> button (see 8.8.2 for details). The reference target
will be indicated with the R beside the target symbol.
As a ship continues on its route, designated reference targets could become less reliable, for
NOTE
example as the target range increases or when they become masked by ship structure.
Reference targets can be used to calculate true speed, however the calculation of relative speed
NOTE may be inaccurate as own ship set and drift is applied which may not be valid for all targets. It is
recommended, where possible, to use a fixed position as reference target.
Use of Reference target stabilization is inhibited when AIS is switched ON and, in general, when
CAUTION
the GPS stabilization is available.
The loss of a Reference Target causes the special warning. This situation degrades the accuracy of the
own ship’s true speed and accuracy of tracking so far. If the reference target is lost, the system will
attempt to switch to Sea stabilization mode. The criteria to consider a tracked reference target as lost
are the same as for any other target: if the target is not detected at the predicted position for 15
scans, it is assumed to be lost.
Only one target can be designated as the reference target at one time.
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4.7.6 Offsetting the PPI center
There are three buttons that define the PPI centering.
• OS CENT: The Own ship center switcher. When the button is clicked, the PPI is centered on
the own ship.
• OFF CENT: Click the button and move the PPI to the cursor position within 75% of the PPI
radius confirmed by another left click. Another left click activated the off center position.
While the function is active, the button is blue, the cursor shape is (inside the available
area).
User can use the [CENTER/AHEAD] key on the keyboard to switch the <OS CENT> or <OFF CENT>.
NOTE
Off-center is a function that positions own ship CCRP to the cursor position on the radar image. The off-centering is
limited to 75% on all ranges, except for 0.25 NM, 0.5 NM and 0.75 NM where the off-centering is limited to 50% or
less to ensure that the CCRP is always within the radar operational area. The extreme position of CCRP following
(with inverted colors):
Figure 9 Some bearing marks are skipped then in order to keep clear indication
The keyboard key [CENTER/AHEAD] can be also used for this operation. See 3.7.
• MAX VIEW: Click the button to locate the ship on the position that provides maximum view
ahead in the current course direction (about 75% of the range scale radius or 50% at close
ranges). Operating in the non-stabilized Heading up mode, the direction is reciprocal to the
heading marker.
In a stabilized presentation mode (Stabilized Head Up, North Up or Course Up), the direction is
reciprocal to the course over ground, or heading marker if COG is unavailable.
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4.7.6.1 Move Own Ship’s Display Position
The own ship’s position can be moved from the PPI center to any position within 75% of the PPI
radius. This function is convenient for observing a wide coverage in any direction.
NOTE This function is not available on the 96 NM range.
Proceed as follows:
1. Click the OFF CENT button. The function is activated and the cursor has the shape .
2. Using the trackball move the cursor to a desired position. Note, that when the cursor is out
the available area, its shape becomes the standard cross. It means that the function is not
active at this area.
3. Left click to set the position. See Figure 10.
Figure 10 Off center &Max view
Click on the OS CENT button to set the position back to center.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 73 / 190

4.7.7 Show/hide objects on the PPI
The set of buttons switch on and off visibility of objects.
• Synth: Temporarily hide the indication of Heading Line and synthetics while the button is
pressed. Alternatively, use the DATA OFF key on the Human Interface Unit (see 3.4).
• Chart: The display of chart is set to On/Off whenever this button is clicked.
• Maps: Temporarily indicate Maps object while this button is pressed, and the map setting
menu will open or close in the panel area.
• Heading: Temporarily hide the indication of Heading Line while the button is pressed.
4.7.8 Default configuration
To load default configuration of Radar900, click button and select <OK> in prompt window.
4.7.9 Capture
Click button to complete a screenshot of the current interface. And user may select to print
the capture or to save it in certain folder in the following prompt window.
4.8 Own Ship Sensors Data
Figure 11 Own ship sensor data
The own ship sensor data indicated on the radar display is provided by the Conning system. If
74 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
multiple sensors are available (e.g. 2 GPS or gyro compasses), this system handles the selection and
switch over between the sensors and corrects the position data for GPS antenna -> CCRP offset. The
result is sent to the radar system. The radar display shows navigation sensor information at top right.
OWN ship sensors provide data for the heading (HDG), Speed through water (STW), Course through
water (CTW) when sea stabilization is selected and over ground (COG) when any form of ground
stabilization is selected, – Speed over ground (SOG).
An electronic positioning fixing system (EPFS) provides own ship position in terms of LAT/LON and
this is normally based on GPS. The time is presented as UTC and also serves to indicate that the
display and processor are active and that the system has not frozen.
The source of the sensor data is always shown.
To select an alternative data source in case of failure of the speed-log (manual speed input) and/or
failure of the EPFS (set + drift), use the OWN SHIP SENSORS dialog from the RADAR menu (See 5.1). It
also allows the user to see the position of the sensors on a graphic of own ship. Own ship parameters
such as length, beam, and radar antenna offset from the CCRP, are fixed upon installation. These
settings are protected by password and should only be changed by qualified technicians.
Indication Function
HDG The heading indicates the gyro input.
Indicates the speed of own ship through the water. The same display location is used for
STW (LOG)
Manual Speed when the Log back-up is necessary.
Indicates the course of own ship through the water. The same display location is used for
CTW (GYRO)
Course over ground when any form of ground stabilization is selected.
Course over ground indicates the direction of movement with respect to the ground. It is the
COG (GPS)
true movement of own ship. The source of stabilization is shown in brackets (GPS/REF/MAN).
Speed over ground indicates the speed of movement with respect to the ground. It is the
SOG (GPS)
true speed of own ship. The source of stabilization is shown in brackets (GPS/REF/MAN).
LAT Indicates the latitude of own ship.
LONG Indicates the longitude of own ship.
Universal Time, Coordinated (GPS sourced) also indicates that the display processor is active;
UTC
a processor or display failure is indicated by a frozen clock (i.e. the time is not updated).
It is recommended for consistency that GPS or DGPS is used for ground stabilization. The use of a
NOTE radar reference target for ground stabilization is only available as back-up facility when no suitable
GPS data is available.
• Alternatively, reference targets (REF GND) may be used for ground stabilization.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 75 / 190

• Manual SET + DRIFT is provided in the OWN SHIP SENSORS menu.
• The system is capable of a turn rate of 60º/s and can read IEC 61162 messages at a 10Hz data
rate.
• An EPFS approved to IMO resolution MSC.112(73) is required.
• A digital interface for the SDME should be compliant with IMO A.824(19).
4.9 Diagnostics
The information is available under the RADAR Status item at the Menu->Radar->Radar Sensor.
• Life time: the accumulative hours that the magnetron is operational
• Firmware version: hardware version
• Speed: rotational speed
• Rotation: rotary switch state
• Tune Reg Ctrl: parameter of tuning control register
• Magnetron: value of current magnetron current
76 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

• Motor voltage: motor voltage value
• Heading Marker: heading information status
• Bearing marker: bearing signal status
• Serial communication: serial port communication status
• Safety switch: safety switch state
• Spark gap: the spark gap alarm
• 24V Power: the 24V voltage information
• 12V Power: the 12V voltage information
• Heater Magnetron V: heater voltage value
• Elevator V: elevator voltage value
• Elevator I: elevator current value
• Internal Boards T: limitation temperature of antenna
• Main Bang Level: value of Main Bang
• Background Level: value of noise level
If the Radar workstation loses connection with other systems, it automatically switches to the
NOTE standalone mode and operates with the remaining navigational data. The corresponding alerts are
generated.
4.10 Other Radar Responses
4.10.1 The operation of Search and Rescue Transmitter (SART)
SART responses are visible on an X-band radar at a maximum range of approximately 8NM. They are
most visible with a receiver on medium to wide bandwidth (SP or MP length). SART Transmissions
within the clutter field are best seen with the radar set off-tune (AFC / optimum tune monitor is
switched OFF and manually detuned). The content of the radar image will be reduced, while SART
responses remain visible. Until a range of about 1NM the responses are visible as a series of 12 dots
or small arcs located behind the SART position. At closer range a 2nd series of slightly smaller dots
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 77 / 190

should appear.
Figure 12 Example of SART arranged very close to the radar antenna origin
When looking for a SART it is preferable to use either the 6 or 12 nautical mile range scale. This is
because the total displayed length of the SART response of 12 (or 24) dots may extend approximately
9.5 nautical miles beyond the position of the SART and it is necessary to see a number of response
dots to distinguish the SART from other responses.
Make sure that the radar is retuned and that the AFC is switched ON again for normal operational
use.
SART transponders are used to ease the search of a ship in distress or a liferaft. The SART is designed
to operate in the 9 GHz frequency band.
When receiving the 9 GHz radar signal transmitted from the radar equipment on vessel or search
aircraft, the SART transmits a series of response signals to inform the distress position to the rescue
and search party. The radar receives SART automatically. It also functions for detect the beacon or
target enhancer.
The procedures of SART detection is as follow:
78 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

• Set the radar range to 12NM.
• Set control parameters:
 Sea clutter: minimum
 AUTO SEA function: OFF
 Rain/snow clutter : minimum
 Auto rain/snow clutter: OFF
 Interference rejection: OFF
4.10.2 Radar Beacons
Both X-band and S-band radar systems are compatible with radar beacons of the same frequency.
The beacon signal is presented as a time-modulated coded response behind the beacon target.
Radar beacon responses may be reduced in length whenever RAIN is applied, and sometimes with
AUTO selected.
Figure 13 Radar beacon in the PPI
4.10.3 Radar target enhancers
Smaller boats often carry a radar target enhancer (RTE) to improve their radar visibility. These
devices operate at X-band and are effectively an active radar reflector. The enhancer response is
similar to that of a typical radar target.
4.10.4 False echoes
False echoes are the result of reflections caused by own ship structures (for example funnels and
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 79 / 190

masts), close-by land based features (for example oil storage tanks or large buildings), or larger
objects found at sea (for example wind farms or other shipping). Frequent false echoes may mean
that the location of the antenna is sub-optimal and remedial action should be taken to improve the
radar installation. False echoes may be as strong as genuine targets and the gain or sea functions
must be used with care to reduce their visibility.
4.10.5 Ghost echoes
Ghost echoes are radial to own ship and may occur as a result of “second transmission” radar signals
(sometimes referred to as second time around signals or second trace), resulting from consecutive
radar transmissions. Ghost targets are rarely seen where the radar transmitter is applying low
frequency jitter to the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Try to reduce the gain level in order to
minimize the unwanted echoes keeping the targets still visible.
4.10.6 Multi-path signals
Radar returns from targets are usually very complex and often consist of multiple signals, particularly
in calm sea conditions. The multiple returns may be in phase and therefore are additive to generate a
strong combined signal, or may be out of phase resulting in a weaker signal. The multi-path signals
are dependent on many factors, including antenna height, target height, radar frequency band, the
sea state and target range. As a target closes on own ship, it will pass through a series of nulls (out of
phase signals) and in this case, its visibility may be very weak. This phenomena explains why targets
fade and then reappear as strong echoes, especially within 1.5 NM of own ship. Beyond that range,
multi-path has less effect and signals (for a given Radar Cross Section) appear more consistent.
Multi-path effects are reduced in higher sea states.
4.10.7 Blind sectors
Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle
subtended at the scanner is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced.
Within this sector targets cannot be detected. Accordingly to IMO Circ. 271, blind sectors shall be
kept to a minimum, and shall not be placed in an arc of the horizon from the right ahead direction to
22,5◦ abaft the beam and especially shall avoid the right ahead direction (relative bearing 000◦). The
80 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

installation of the antenna shall be in such a manner that the performance of the radar system is not
substantially degraded. The antenna shall be mounted clear of any structure that may cause signal
reflections, including other antenna and deck structure or cargo.
Figure 14 Blind sectors
The blind sectors of master radar must be drawn manually on a diagram above after the radar
installation completion. The range scale also to be manually specified there.
4.10.8 Blank sectors
In some cases the obstacles causing the blind sectors, also reflect effectively the radar beam and
cause numerous unwanted reflections. In order to suppress such reflections, it is necessary to inhibit
the transmission in specified directions. Two blank sectors could be specified for these purposes.
To set and activate the blank sector, use the BLANK SECTOR dialog from the RADAR menu.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 81 / 190

1 Activate/deactivate blank sector 1

Tick on to activate the blank sector. Tick off to deactivate it.
2 The sector parameters
3 Modified
Click the button to make the parameters available for editing
4 Show/Hide active blank sectors in the PPI
When the state is “show”, the button is blue
Own ship blind sectors must be identified at installation. Then the blank sectors could be specified
accordingly. On the display screen they are identified by radial magenta lines defining the boundaries
of a blanked sector.
Figure 15 represents an example of blank sector (colors are inverted).
82 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 15 Blank sector
The blank sector settings can be changed by an authorized maintenance engineer only, and the
NOTE
referenced dialog is password protected.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 83 / 190

5 GENERAL OPERATIONS
CHART
MAPS
PI
ANCH
TGT SET
AUTO ZONE
AIS MENU
SIMULATION
TRIAL MANOEUVRE
DISPLAY SET
MENU
OWN SHIP SENSORS
SYSTEM
DEFAULTS
RADAR SENSOR
EXTRACTOR
RADAR VID SET
RADAR
ANTENNA
BLANK SECTOR
SENSOR
PRINT SCREEN
5.1 Radar Menu
The settings are available under the [RADAR] menu. Most of the settings are password protected.
1 Defaults
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Contains list of saved user configurations (if they exist), and buttons to save, load, delete, and force the current
configuration. Also, the force of default radar configuration (as required by IEC 62388 13.5) is available there.
Additionally the password-protected operation Export/Import is available. For exporting or importing data, a
mobile storage device must be connected to the workstation. See 5.2.
2 Print screen
Password protected. Contains the value of the radarscreen delivery to VDR interval (in seconds). The value
could not exceed 15 seconds. The captured images are delivered out via the LAN with respect to IEC 61162-450
requirements.
3 Radar sensor
The dialog contains the list of available radar sensors and functions: Optimize tune and Performance monitor.
Additionally the link to the Radar status is available.
4 Extractor
The password protected dialog. Contains the radar heading skew and Sync delay values. Must be used initial
radar configuration only.
The Sync delay value adjusts the ranges to the targets. Increasing this value makes targets closer and vice versa.
The heading line skew adjusts the radar video orientation with precision of 0.1 degree. The increase of this
value turns radar image clockwise accordingly.
It’s recommended to use the chart overlay or targets with well-known bearing and range for adjustment of
both these parameters.
The sync delay and heading line skew are related to currently selected radar sensor. In
NOTE
case if another radar sensor is selected, the different values are displayed in this dialog.
5 Antenna settings
Antenna’s type (selected from the drop-down list) and pulse length values are available.
6 Radar video settings
The dialog is not password protected.
Three parameters are available to change:
Fade active period: ON or OFF
Fade period value: the user can set the value in milliseconds
Filter skipped sectors: ON or OFF
These parameters slightly influence on the visual representation of the radar video signal and don’t change the
general system performance.
7 Blank sector
Password protected settings. See 4.10.8.
8 Sensor
Password protected.
5.2 Radar Defaults
The Default control setting is forced with “Force Default Configuration” button. First the confirmation
dialogue appears as at figure below (inversed colors):
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 85 / 190

Then in case if the operation is confirmed, the RADAR presentation and operational mode are
changed accordingly to standard (IEC 62388, table 35) requirements, as described in table below.
Also, up to 6 custom configurations can be stored for different applications and according to users’
requirements. To store current settings as a custom configuration, press the “Save Current
Configuration” button; the TEXT INPUT dialogue will. The custom name must be specified there.
After the name is specified, a new button with the custom name is shown.
Function Setting
Gain and anti-clutter functions (Sea, Rain) AUTO
Tuning AFC
Range 6NM.
Fixed range rings Off
VRMs One VRM on, 0,25 NM
EBLs One EBL on
Parallel index lines Off or last setting, if applied
Display mode of the radar picture True motion, north-up
Stabilization Sea/Ground GPS
Off-centring Appropriate look-ahead
Target trails On, 6 min (same as vector)
Past positions Off
Radar target tracking Continued
Vector mode Relative
Vector time 6 min
Auto zones Off
Graphical AIS reported target display On
86 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Function Setting
Radar and AIS Target fusion Association On
Collision warnings On (limits CPA 2 nm, TCPA 12 min)
Display of maps, navigation lines and routes Last setting
Display of charts Off
The following parameters are stored:
• Range scale / rings
• Orientation mode
• Sea / ground stabilization mode
• Motion mode
• Centering / off-centering (maximum look ahead)
• Vector mode
• CPA/TCPA limits
• Trails mode
• Past position mode
• Target association mode
• AIS filtering criteria
• No "lost target" alert criteria
• OS outline display mode
• AIS outlines display mode
• Chart display mode
• All sub brilliance settings, except maps
Current values are retained for all other functions.
Additionally the Export and Import of the radar configuration is available at the same dialog. The
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 87 / 190

memory stick is required for given operations.
The Import operation influences on all radar settings including the low level adjustments. It’s
NOTE
allowed only for authorized installation engineers. Not available for the crew.
5.3 Tuning Optimization
The radar sensor can have several local tuning optimums depending on the fine frequency tuning.
The manual searching for all these optimums takes time and is often not precise. The effective use of
Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) is only possible when activated close to optimal manually set
values.
The HLD 900 provides an additional tuning function OPTIMIZE TUNING. It searches automatically
optimal tuning parameters, using the tuning indication response from radar sensor. This function is
allocated in <SENSOR> sub-menu of the <RADAR> menu.
The tuning optimization process depends on radar sensor type.
Optimize performance as following:
1. Click the Optimize Tune button, the button change to blue.
2. Then optimize tuning.
OPTIMIZE TUNE indication overlays the radar video (see Figure 16).
While the optimization process is running, the modification of radar video filtering parameters or
NOTE radar sensor mode is not available.
For safety reason, it is not recommended to use this function during sailing.
When the optimization is completed, the functions become available automatically.
88 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 16 Optimize tune
5.4 Performance Monitor
The Performance Monitor function should be periodically used to identify a reduction in radar
performance caused, for example, by a failing magnetron or water ingress in the antenna. The
function monitors the transmitter, antenna and receiver, and should preferably be used where no
radar signals are present.
The performance monitor is accessed in the RADAR SENSOR menu and provides a means to check
that the radar sensor is operating within acceptable performance limits. For simplicity of operation,
relevant display functions are automatically set or inhibited whenever the Performance Monitor is
switched ON.
Optimize the tune automatically (5.3) or manually (4.4.5) before using perfomation monitor.
NOTE
For safety reason, it is not recommended to use this function during sailing.
The transceivers of Aidos and Sperry are both available with HLD-RADAR 900. User may consult
service engineer.
Use the Performance monitor function for Aidos transceiver as follows:
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 89 / 190

1. Set the range value 24 NM.
2. Set the Manual mode for gain.
3. Set Sea clutter to 0%, Rain clutter to 0%, Gain to 95% and set pulse length to LP.
4. Select the TX button, then a slider for TX will open up.
5. Adjust the Tune Monitor value and fix it when two lines appear near the 16 NM ring. This
gain value is optimal for the radar image adjustment.
6. Select the RX button to adjust the RX performance.
Figure 17 Performance monitor operation result of Aidos
The procedures to operate performance monitor of Sperry transceiver are described as follows:
1. Set the range value 12 NM.
2. Set the Manual mode for gain.
3. Set Sea clutter to 0%, Rain clutter to 0%, Gain to 95% and set pulse length to LP.
90 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
4. Select the TX button, then a slider for TX will open up.
5. Adjust the Tune Monitor value and fix it when four lines appear between 6 to 12 NM rings.
This gain value is optimal for the radar image adjustment.
6. Select the RX button to adjust the RX performance.
Figure 18 Performance monitor operation result of Sperry
After activation the performance monitor needs to be tuned for maximum visibility. This is
completely independent from the tuning of the transceiver itself. Because the performance monitor
is fairly sensitive to proper tuning (a few % off-tune causes the arcs to disappear completely) when
using it for the first time or after a magnetron replacement, it is necessary to slowly scan the entire
tuning range (0-100%) to find the optimum tuning value.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 91 / 190

The system will store the last tuning value after deactivation of the performance monitor and apply it
after reactivation, but still always check the tuning:
• The difference in performance between the arcs is at 5 dB;
• The outermost ring has been adjusted during commissioning to be the same level as the
noise level, such that the other arcs are 5/10/15db above noise level;
• If only the innermost arc is still visible, it indicates that the transmitter and/or the receiver
radar performance have reduced by at least 10 dB. After the performance check is finished,
switch the MON to OFF.
5.5 Acquisition Zones
An acquisition zone is a defined annular or polygonal area of the display. When the system is in
Transmit mode, targets that enter the area are automatically acquired and tracked. AIS targets are
activated when entering an acquisition zone in both Transmit and Standby mode.
Any targets found in an auto acquisition zone are automatically acquired (tracked targets) or
activated (AIS targets) and displayed as referenced flashing new target symbol (see 8.2) and an “New
target” warning is raised. The new target symbol is turned off when the “New target” entry alarm is
acknowledged.
There are two annular and two polygonal acquisition zones available, which can be turned on and off.
The annular zone parameters are edited with the Auto Zone dialog and cursor on the PPI.
To open the dialog, click on the shortcut or click the AUTO ZONE button on the MENU panel.
NOTE There may be no shorcut of AZ on interfce of certain version of software.
If the shortcut is used, the proper zone is selected. Otherwise, select one or two zones by clicking the
Acquire Zone button.
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1 Zone1
The zone is set
2 Activated zone 1
Click on the Active button to activate the zone (or deactivate if the zone is active).
3 Settings of the Zone1
The settings are disabled because the zone is active
4 Zone2
The zone is set, but not active
5 Bearing2 (R)
The value is available for edit.
For editing the zone parameters proceed as follows:
Click the Bearing1 button. It turns blue. The cursor shape turns to while located in PPI. The
zone has turquoise color.
Drag-n-drop the cursor to set the demanded value.
Click the Bearing1 button to switch the edit mode off.
Repeat these actions for Bearing2, Range1, and Range2 parameters if necessary.
Click the Active button to activate the zone. The zone turns green.
NOTE The zone number is displayed at the left lower corner.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 93 / 190

Figure 19 Acquisition zone edit mode
The total number of tracked targets could not exceed 100. After the 95 targets are manually or
automatically acquired, the “Tracked target capacity is 95%” caution is displayed. The warning
“Tracked target capacity is 100%” appears when 100 tracked targets are acquired. This may be a
dangerous situation as no more targets could be acquired, and there is a risk to miss a real danger.
It’s strongly recommended to get rid of noise on radar video, keep the acquisition zones reasonable
and use Land Masks to avoid tracked target table overflow.
The Land Mask is a ground stabilized polyline, screening the unwanted objects and disabling their
automatic acquisition. These lines could be also closed if necessary. The controls for operations with
Land Masks are arranged at lower part of Auto Zone dialog (see picture above).
94 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

6 CHARTS (OPTIONAL)
6.1 Overview
HLD-RADAR 900 has an optional chart facility, which allows the display of chart data under the radar
video. As the synthetics, the radar image and charts (with compatible projection and scale) are
referenced to the own ship CCRP, and all are aligned in azimuth, the combined image will match
correctly. The valid position from EPFS and heading from gyro are required to enable the chart
overlay option. Only ENC charts can be used (RNC - raster charts are not permitted).
Charts may be used in any stabilized presentation mode and provide continuous position monitoring.
Charts are presented without undue compromise to the radar presentation and are based on IMO
A.817, IHO S-52 and appendices.
The loss of ability to show the chart due to any reasons does not influence on representation of any
other objects like AIS targets, maps etc.
6.2 Chart Presentation
Click the CHART button at the left side of the display. It turns to blue and the scale indicator appears
under the DEFAULT button.
1 CHART
The button is active (blue) when chart layer is displayed in PPI
2 Scale indicator
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Appears when the chart layer is active
3 Scale notification
Informs about better available scale if any. Normally is not displayed.
Chart information is presented as a layer (or layers) overlaid by the radar image. The Radar
provides functionality to display ENC and other vector chart information to facilitate real-time
position monitoring. See Figure 20.
The chart underlay is available only if both the geographical position and heading are known. The
underlay has the following modes:
• Charts OFF
• Hidden (temporarily when the Charts are switched ON, using the HIDE CHART function)
• Primary Chart (only contours and navigational objects are displayed).
• Standard Chart (the chart is displayed accordingly to the ECDIS Standard Display).
Figure 20 Chart is ON
In active modes, the radar image has priority and overlays the chart. The HIDE CHARTS button in
NOTE the radar presentation area is pressed to hide all chart layers, except for the coast lines which
remain visible to provide a means of confirming radar and chart alignment.
96 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

6.3 Chart Menu
Chart menu is available under the CHART button of the MENU (Control window).
1 Chart modes
Presentation modes: Primary, Standard, OFF. See 6.3.2.
2 Displayed objects
Show (when activated) and hide the following objects on the chart: Lights, Local names, Text
3 No data
The “no data” pattern could be enabled or disabled for the areas with no chart information available.
4 CHART SETTINGS
Opens the settings dialog, see 6.4.
5 ENC MANAGER
Available in the STBY mode only. It handles the ENC chart installation and updates. See 6.7.
6 PICK UP PROPERTIES
Activates the mode of picking up the chart object properties. After clicking over the chart area, the properties
of the point under cursor are displayed in referenced window, see Figure 21
7 Chart information
The information about current cell or point under the cursor. By default the information about the chart cell
arranged at the center of the screen is displayed there as on the picture below.
After the click over chart area with “PICK UP PROPERTIES” active mode, the list of available properties
appears.
The properties of the chart cell under cursor may differ from the displayed by default. Extend the items by
clicking to check them.
Also the list of chart objects is available as “Points”, where each of found objects also has expandable
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 97 / 190

description as on picture below.
Figure 21 Cell information displayed by default
6.3.1 Primary mode
The minimum SENC information available is the Primary Chart information set. The User can select
the Primary Chart information set by the PRIMARY button. The information set includes:
• Coastline
• Own ship's safety contour
• Isolated underwater dangers or depth less than the safety contour which lie within the safe
waters defined by the safety contour
• Isolated dangers which lie within the safe water defined by the safety contour such as fixed
structures, overhead wires, etc.
• Buoys, beacons, other aids to navigation and fixed structures.
6.3.2 Standard mode
The Standard Chart Display provides the functionality of the Primary Chart Information Set and in
addition:
• Units of depth and height
• Drying line
• Buoys, beacons, other aids to navigation and fixed structures,
• Boundaries of fairways, channels, etc.
• Visual and radar conspicuous features

98 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
• Prohibited and restricted areas
• Chart scale boundaries
• Indication of cautionary notes
• Ship’s routing systems and ferry routes
• Archipelagic sea lanes.
6.4 Chart Setting (Optional, only together with Chart functionality)
1 Offset settings
Use the sliders to set the values for X and Y offsets for the chart in meters (negative values are available).
2 Reset button
Resets the offsets to zeroes
3 Safety contour (SF CNT) settings
Use the sliders to set the Safety Contour depth in meters and time to approach the Safety Contour in
minutes to generate the Grounding Alert accordingly.
4 CELLS WITH TEST CHARTS
Opens the list of test cells, see 6.5.
5 CELLS WITH TEST SYMBOLS
Opens the list of the test symbols, see 6.6.
6.5 Test Charts Displaying
Click the CELLS WITH TEST CHARTS button. The predefined test set opens.
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Click on the chart name to load the cell.
The cell information is displayed in the Own Ship window below the chart set (if available).
The system uses standard test set provided by UKHO. These cells ordinary are used for testing the
chart radar.
6.6 Test Symbols Displaying
Click the CELLS WITH TEST SYMBOLS button. The predefined test set opens.
Click on the proper title to load the cell.
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The cell information is displayed in the Own Ship window below the chart set (if available).
The system uses standard test set provided by UKHO. These cells ordinary are used for testing the
chart radar.
6.7 Chart Management
To open the Chart Manager window, click the ENC MANAGEMENT button on the CHART menu.
The Chart Manager window is designed for the management of charts. The operation buttons are
located on the left of the window while the information is displayed on the right.
Charts collections displayed according to their provider on the proper tabs.
To filter displayed collection by status, click the proper status at the top of the window.
Use the search field to find specified chart by name.
The version of the Chart Manager and the information of installation will indicated on the Messages
which is located at the bottom of the window.
Click the CLOSE button to quit the Chart Manager window.
Figure 22 Chart management window
6.7.1 Permits and Certificates
The encrypted data meets the requirements of IHO S-63. The system authenticates and then
decompresses data, decrypts and extracts encrypted ENCs that comply with the IHO S-63 Data
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 101 / 190
Protection Scheme. The system can accept ENCs from multiple providers and can accept encrypted
ENCs from CD ROM or other automatic interface available.
The SA certificate file is required for the correct handling of chart encryption.
6.7.1.1 Install permits
To install permits proceed as follows:
1. Click on the Install Permits button. A window will be open to select the permit file (*.txt)
from Windows folder.
2. Select the proper permit file, and click on the Open button to install the file.
3. A message window gives information about the status of the installed permits and about
eventual errors. Click OK to confirm the operation.
6.7.1.2 Delete permits
To delete one or more permits proceed as follows:
1. Select a chart with checkbox. The function of the permit

removal is activated.
2. Click the Delete Permits button. The operation should be confirmed by user.
3. Click the Yes button to confirm the deleting or the No button to cancel the operation.
When the permit is deleted, the Permit Status is set as not found. The chart is not deleted, but it
becomes unavailable.
6.7.1.3 Permit information
To get the user permit information, select the chart as described before and click the Show User
102 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Permit button. The permit number is displayed (see Figure 23).
Figure 23 Show User Permit
Click on the © symbol to select the entire text.
6.7.1.4 Show certificate
To get the certificate information page, click the Show Certificate button. See Figure 24.
Figure 24 The certificate page
Use buttons Add New, Delete, and Refresh for adding, deleting, and refreshing certificates
respectively.
To add a certificate, click the Add New button and select the certificate file from the browser. Click
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 103 / 190

the Open button. See Figure 25.
Figure 25 Certificate selection
To delete the current certificate, just click the Delete button and confirm the operation.
6.8 Charts Basic Operations
6.8.1 Install Charts
To install charts proceed as follows:
1. Click the Install charts button. The Chose source folder dialog appears.
2. Select the chart folder and click the Select Folder button.
3. Select the provider name and click the <OK> button to confirm if necessary.
104 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

After the process is finished, the status message with information about installed charts appears.
Click the <OK> button to confirm the message.
NOTE A single hart is installed in the same way starting with the Install Single Chart button click.
6.8.2 Delete Charts
For deleting a chart proceed as follows:
1. Select a chart by ticking on the proper checkbox. The

function of deleting charts is activated.
2. Press the Delete Chart button. A confirm window will open up.
3. Confirm or cancel the operation.
6.9 Synchronize Charts
To synchronize charts proceed as follows:
1. Click the Synchronize Charts button to open the window (the figure colors are inverted).
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 105 / 190
2. Tick on the charts to be synchronized and click the Synchronize button. A widow will open up
when the synchronization is completed.
6.9.1 Explore Updates
Click the button to open the Updates page. This page is designed for
viewing the update information of charts by text or reports.
6.9.1.1 Text
Follow the procedures below:
• Use the Updates session to select the update to be explored.
• Click the edition name of the chart, the icon indicates on the left of the selected name
while the information of the cell and the details of this edition is displayed on the right list.
106 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 26 Information of update
The details consist of four parameters, ID, Name, Action and Status.
Click the button to hide all the updates information.
Click the button to return to the Chart Manager window.
6.9.1.2 Reports
Some updates sessions are shown in report.

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 107 / 190
Click the line to open the XML report of the session.
Click the button to return to the Chart Manager window.
Click the button to print the current report.
6.9.2 Own Ship Report
Being in the main Chart management window, click the XML Report/Print button. The report is
generated. Click the Print button to print it out. See Figure 27. Click the <Bakc> button to back to
Chart Manager window.
Figure 27 Own ship report
108 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

6.9.3 Test Mode
The test mode is designed for S64 test set.
Click the Test Mode button to switch the mode ON. The button text goes red.
Figure 28 Test Mode
Operating in this mode, it is allowed to work with the test chart set.
The operation under test mode is the same as the normal mode.
The charts installed under test mode may only be viewed and operated when test mode is on,
NOTE while the charts installed under normal mode may only be viewed and operated when the test
mode is off.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 109 / 190

7 THE ALERT SYSTEM

The Radar system provides continuously checking for critical or non-critical failures and other events
while running.
7.1 Alert Priority Levels
Generally, alerts have three priority levels and are indicated with different icons in the alert list:
Level Basic icon Classification Description

The highest priority alert. Requires immediate attention and actions to
1 Alarm prevent the dangerous situation and keep the ship operation safe.
Escalation is an alarm from non-acknowledged warning.
This alert informs about a situation that may become dangerous and
2 Warning requires immediate attention. Being not acknowledged may be
escalated to alarm.
Indication of situation that requires attention but does not require an
3 Caution action. The caution is ON while the indicated situation exists. It does not
require acknowledge.
By default a sound signal accompanies an alert message that is not acknowledged and the pulse
frequency of the flashing of the alert button is 1 Hz.
The following sound patterns are used:
• Alarm: 3 beeps every 7 seconds
• Warning: 2 beeps every minute (or at interval specified by navigator)
Some warnings could be escalated to alarm state if not acknowledged in specified period of time.
Also, the unacknowledged alarms of certain types could be escalated to BNWAS. The one alert
escalated to both states by design is “Anchor watch alarm”. Others could be configured by
NOTE
navigator.
Radar also sends the EVE message to BNWAS in order to indicate the user activity. The radar
unattended for too long time (depending on BNWAS adjustments) causes the “Dead man” alarm.
7.2 Alert Notifications
All active alerts are displayed in the Alert console.
Generally, alerts are arranged by state, type and age. It means that unacknowledged alerts are
displayed at the top according to their priority level (alarms are on top). When alert is acknowledged,
110 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

it is moved to the end of the list.
1 Silence Button
Click on this button, the alerts will be silenced temporary.
2 Acknowledge Button
Click on this button, the alert will be acknowledged one by one.
3 Alert Text
4 Alert Icon
See below for details.
5 Alert number
The number of active alerts / the total of alerts in the list.
6 Permanent silence button
There are the following states of alarms and warnings:
• Active - unacknowledged, not silenced
• Active - unacknowledged, silenced
• Active - acknowledged
• Active - responsibility transferred to another work station
• Rectified - not acknowledged
When a rectified alert is acknowledged it is moved out from the list.
Cautions have the active state only. They are moved out from the list just after they have been
rectified.
Each alert state is indicated by the proper icon. See the table below for the details.
Alarm icon Warning icon State Indication
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 111 / 190

Active: Unacknowledged, Not silenced Flashing symbol and descriptive text
Relevant audible signal
Active: Unacknowledged, Silenced Flashing symbol and descriptive text
No audible signal
Active: Acknowledged Steady symbol and descriptive text
No audible signal
Active: Responsibility is transferred Steady symbol and descriptive text
No audible signal
Rectified: Unacknowledged Flashing symbol and descriptive text
No audible signal
Related alerts can be aggregated and displayed as one alert. In this case the plus symbol ‘+’ appears
at the top left corner of the alert icon (a ‘-’ symbol will appears at the top left corner of the icon
when the aggregation is expanded). If there is at least one unacknowledged alert from the related
ones, the icon has the “unacknowledged” state.
When using the CAM page (see 7.6) double click on the multiple alert line, to expand the list of all
NOTE
collected alerts.
7.3 Alert Acknowledgment
To acknowledge alarm or warning press the ACK button. If alert is acknowledged, the symbol stops
flashing and changes to the acknowledged icon (see 7.2). If there is no other alert, the sound is
muted. In case of multiple alarm or warning, the next alert will be displayed for acknowledgement,
the sound is not muted.
NOTE An alert can be acknowledged with the Human Interface Unit keys: [ALARM ACK] and [ENTER].
NOTE An alarm can be silenced without acknowledge for the 30 seconds.
Some of alerts of A category may not be acknowledged on the workstation. In this case the
following icons indicate the alerts: for alarm and for warning. The icons are displayed
NOTE
next to the main alert symbols. This is applicable for multitask installation (typically within INS). Not
possible in case of stand-alone radar installation.
7.4 Common List of Alerts
An alert either has one of the categories below.
112 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

• A: The information is required for the decision support. The A category alerts are generated
by workstation. All alerts of the A category require to be acknowledged. The category A
alerts can be acknowledged on the radar console only.
• B: no additional information is required for the decision support. The B category alerts are
generated by navigational system. Can be acknowledged on the BAMS.
Here is the general list of alerts represented at CAM, when the HLD-RADAR 900 is a part of INS.
Source Cause Type Category

System function lost Alarm B
Integrity verification not possible or failed Warning B
Invalid information for functions in use Warning B
INS
Invalid information for functions not in use Caution B
Different thresholds entered Caution B
Loss of system communication Warning B
Failure or reduction in power supply Alarm B
Off heading alarm Alarm A
Heading control systems
Heading monitor Warning B
(deviation from second heading source)
Early course change indication Warning A
(track control via waypoints)
Actual course change indication Warning A
Wheel over line (actual course change indication Alarm A
not acknowledged)
alarm
back-up navigator alarm
Failure or reduction in power supply including any Warning B
Track Control systems failure of track control which stops track control
Position monitor Warning A
Heading monitor Warning B
Sensor failure (heading, position, speed) Alarm B
alarm
back-up navigator alarm
Cross-track alarm Alarm A
Course difference (heading from track course) Warning A
Low speed alarm Warning B
Positioning system failure Warning B
Crossing safety contour Alarm A
Deviation from planned route –off-track alarm Alarm A
ECDIS
Area with special conditions – cross the boundary Warning, Caution A
Approach to critical point Warning A
Different geodetic datum Warning B
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 113 / 190

Source Cause Type Category
System malfunction Warning B
(system malfunction of backup device)
Target capacity Warning A
CPA/TCPA alarm Alarm A
RADAR/AIS Acquisition/activation zone Warning A
Lost target alarm Warning A
Failure of any signal or sensor in use Warning B
HDOP exceeded Caution B
No calculation of position Warning B
GNSS Loss of position Warning B
Loss of differential signal Warning B
Differential corrections not applied Warning B
Differential integrity status Warning B
Depth below keel alarm Alarm A
Echo sounder
Failure or reduction in power supply Warning B
Gyro compass System fault Warning B
Malfunction Warning B
Bridge watch alarm
Power supply failure Warning B
7.5 List of Radar Alerts
The alerts generated by each system help to recognize the problems and find a way to fix them. The
HLD-RADAR 900 itself generates following important alerts:
Text Type Meaning

Position data failed, Heading Warning Radar does not receive data of specified type at all.
data failed etc.
Radar: position error, Radar: Warning The MCU receives navigational data from referenced sensor, but the
heading error, etc. tracking module does not get it.
No communication with Warning The MCU cannot establish communication with radar sensor.
radar sensor
Radar: no video Warning MCU does not receive reasonable video signal from the radar sensor.
Radar: no sync, Warning MCU does not receive referenced synchronization signal from the radar
Radar: no azimuth, sensor.
Radar: no heading marker
Tracked target capacity is Warning Maximal number of acquired targets is achieved, no more targets may
100% be acquired. It’s recommended to optimize acquisition parameters and
remove part of targets to keep the collision avoidance function reliable.
Tracked target capacity is Caution This caution is generated prior to warning described above. The
95% preliminary notification gives navigator time to adjust acquisition
conditions better way.
Stabilization mode changed: Warning GPS stabilization mode become not available and system selected
GPS N/A another mode automatically. GPS stabilization mode requires SOG, COG
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Text Type Meaning
and heading to be present. Loss of any of these parameters causes the
automatic stabilization change.
Stabilization mode changed: Warning SEA stabilization mode become not available and system selected
SEA N/A another mode automatically. SEA stabilization mode requires STW and
heading to be present. Loss of any of these parameters causes the
automatic stabilization change.
Stabilization mode changed: Warning Manual Sea stabilization mode become not available and system
MAN SEA N/A selected another (unstabilized) mode automatically. Manual Sea
stabilization mode requires only heading to be present. Loss of any of it
forces the unstabilized mode with relative tracking.
Stabilization mode changed: Warning Ground stabilization by reference target becomes unavailable after loss
REF TGT lost of the reference target. System switches automatically to SEA
stabilization mode, if available or to Manual Sea stabilization elsewhere.
New tracked target <#> Warning New tracked target was automatically acquired in the automatic
acquisition zone or accordingly to CPA/TCPA values (dangerous target).
The alarmed state of target is kept until the alert acknowledgement.
Lost tracked target <#> Warning No correspondent radar plots were found for tracked target for last 15
consequent scans. The target remains in “lost” status until manual
removal or acknowledgement of the alert.
All TT removed Warning The heading information was lost for too long time to keep tracking of
previously acquired targets. In order to not generate too many separate
“Lost tracked target” alerts, all targets are automatically removed with
single alert.
Collision with tracked target Alarm The tracked target is assumed dangerous, accordingly to specified
<#> CPA/TCPA thresholds. It requires special attention from the navigator’s
side.
AIS targets, when enabled, generate similar alerts to the tracked targets. The additional comments
are not necessary.
7.6 Central Alert Manager
Click the CAM button on the side panel to open the CAM page.
All unacknowledged alerts are listed in the CAM page.
• Active – unacknowledged alarm
• Active – silenced alarm
• Rectified– unacknowledged alarm
• Active –unacknowledged warning
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 115 / 190

• Active – silenced warning
• Rectified –unacknowledged warning
• Caution
The listed alerts can be silenced. The alerts may be acknowledged too unless they must be
acknowledged on the specified workstation (for example, the Off-track alarm must be acknowledged
on the ECDIS workstation only).
Press button to silence all active alerts for 30 seconds, the
sound signal will appear again.
Press button to acknowledge active alerts one by one. When
the alerts can’t be acknowledged in CAM, the acknowledgement will work over them.
indicates the number of alerts in CAM page.
116 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

NOTE When the alerts are aggregated, the number will be treated as one alert.
Test Alert
Test alert function is supplied, only warning and alarm priority are available, only category B is
available.
Press the button to send the test alert and the test alert will be displayed in
alert window and
CAM.
The test alert will change to rectified status automatically after 60s.
Permanent Silence
Generally, the audible signal of the alerts will be suppressed for 30 seconds after clicking the <ACK>
button on Alerts window or CAM page. But after 30 seconds or if new alerts are generated during
this period, there will be still new beeps.
ECDIS600 provides a function for permanent silence. When the function is on, the audible signal of
the existed or new generated alerts will be suppressed enduringly until user turns it off manually.
When permanent silence is on, it might be dangerous that user may ignore the new generated
WARNING alerts and at the same time the CCRS page is unlock, so please use this function with great
caution.
Click the <Unlock> button of CCRS page, after the entering of password, the <Permanent Silence>
button will appear at the Test Alert part of CAM page.
To active this function, click the <Permanent Silence> button and enter the second password
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 117 / 190

(82158018).
This icon will appear at the upper left of Alerts window, click it to turn on permanent silence
function and the icon changes to . Click the icon again to turn off the function.
Click the <Lock> button of CCRS page to hidden the <Permanent Silence> button and this function
will be unavailable.
7.7 CAM History
To display the alert history list, click on the CAM HISTORY tab. All alerts data is shown there for at
least 24 hours.
CAM History page is intended for the presentation of alerts which have been eliminated in latest 24
hours. All the alerts are displayed in order of when they occur, i.e., the latest alert is located on the
118 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
top of the list.
For convenience, CAM history page supply alert filter function by alerts category to view alerts, two
category of filter are supplied as following:
• By alert category
When the <Alarms> button is on (in blue), all alarms will be displayed. When the <Alarms> button is
off (in grey), all alarms will not be displayed.
Warnings and cautions use the same criteria.
• By alert source station
When the <Route Monitoring> button is on (in blue), all alerts from Route Monitoring application will
be displayed.
When the <Route Monitoring> button is off (in grey), all alerts from Route Monitoring application
will not be displayed.
Collision Avoidance application and Conning application use the same criteria.
Click the <Reset All Filters> button to reset filter by displaying all kinds of alerts.
At the bottom of the CAM HISTORY page, several buttons are available to operate the alerts history
page.
One page displays 20 alerts, when more than 20 alerts are available, more pages will be used.
The area indicates current page number;
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 119 / 190

The area indicates total number of pages;
Click the button <PrePage> to go to the previous page;
Click the button <NextPage> to go to the next page;
Click the button <Back To The Top> to go back to the first page;
7.8 Alerts Escalation
Warnings have two way of escalation:
• Repeated as a warning after a limited time period
• Changed to alarm priority after a limited time period and be sent to BNWAS after the second
period.
An unacknowledged alarm will be transferred to BNWAS by using ALR sentence after a time defined
by the user except those specified by individual performance standards. The default time of alarm is
3 minutes and this time can be set by user except for the alerts generated in track control system
where 30s is required for transferring to BNWAS.
For anchorage warning, it will be escalated to alarm when it is not acknowledged in 2 minutes, this
NOTE escalation time is fixed. For position / heading / speed failure and heading monitor alarm, the
escalation time is 30s which is also fixed by standard.
120 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

8 TARGETS&COLLISION AVOIDANCE
Collision avoidance is a primary task for marine radar. To carry out this task, the operator can use
radar targets, target trails, past positions, target tracking (TT) and reported AIS targets.
8.1 Target Functions
Primary target functions are located at the right lower corner next to PPI.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 121 / 190

1 VECT
The vector time setting. See 8.1.1.
2 R/T
Relative or true mode for vectorse: click the button to change the mode. See 8.1.1.
3 TRAIL
Radar target trails are automatically generated. The trail length (time) is an indication for the radar target’s past
velocity. The trails mode may be true or relative (see below).
Trails are reset whenever own ship is repositioned on the screen, after a change in range scale, or if the trails
mode is changed. The trails time may be set by the user. Click the button and move the cursor. Trail duration is
1-60 minutes.
The trails can be cleared (reset) by setting to zero time.
The function is not available for AIS.
4 PAST POSN
PAST POSN here is generated for own ship only. The past position length (time) is indicative for the target’s past
velocity.
The user can vary the total PP time and the interval time between the past positions markers. To customize the
trail interval, click the control (the cursor disappears, the control turns blue) and move the trackball for
increasing/decreasing the interval value displayed on the control. When the demanded value is set, click one
more time to fix the setting.
Past positions are retained if own ship is repositioned on the screen, after one increment or decrement in the
range scale and after a change in stabilization mode.
0.5 to 6 minute intervals, 30 minutes is a maximal duration. True or relative mode is common with target trails.
5 R
Trails/Past Position mode: True/Relative switcher
6 AIS FILTERING
Switches ON/OFF the AIS filtering function and opens the AIS menu on the screen Control window. See 8.10.4.
7 ACQ/ACT
The user can acquire a radar target or activate an AIS target to present a predictive velocity vector and
associated past positions. The button goes blue when selected. See 8.1.1. When this mode is active, the
acquisition/activation of target requires only single click over the target. Otherwise the double click is required
to acquire/activate target.
8 CPA/TCPA
Shortcut to the TGT SET menu. See 8.3.
8.1.1 Vector Modes
Vectors are shown on the radar display to indicate the velocity of own ship and moving targets. All
vectors are shown as a dashed line beginning at own ship CCRP or the target origin. The length of the
vector indicates speed and its bearing indicates direction.
Vectors are only displayed when the system is in TX mode.
122 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

8.1.1.1 Selecting the vector mode
The vector mode confirms whether the vectors represent the true velocity of targets or the target
velocity relative to own ship. The vector mode is either TM or RM and is aligned with the trails mode.
8.1.1.2 True vectors
All moving targets and own ship have a vector representing their movement over the water/ground.
Stationary targets do not have a vector.
8.1.1.3 Relative vectors
If own ship is moving, all targets, both moving and stationary, have a vector representing their
movement relative to own ship. Own ship will not have a vector in this mode.
8.2 Manual Radar Acquisition
To acquire a target of interest, the user must first select the ACQ/ACT button; the button will
illuminate in the color blue to indicate that it is active and the screen cursor symbol changes as
shown below. The display is now in an acquisition/activation mode and each click in the PPI to
acquire a target.
Symbol Description
Radar targets in acquisition state are shown as a broken circle centered at the position of target
acquisition.
Tracked radar targets are shown as circles centered at the targets’ tracked position. The circle
forms the origin of an associated target vector.
Lost target is shown as a flashing red circle with red cross at the targets’ tracked position.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 123 / 190

Symbol Description
Designated dangerous tracked radar targets are shown as flashing red open circles. The symbol
and any associated graphics will flash until acknowledged by the User. Flashing will then cease
and will continue to be shown in red until they cease to be dangerous.
If the target is new (not previously tracked internally), or if no valid echo is at the designated screen
position, a broken circle symbol will be presented until a target has been verified with reliable course
and speed data.
Alternatively, the Trackball can be double clicked without first selecting the ACQ/ACT button. If the
target had previously met the tracking criteria and was therefore already being tracked internally by
the tracker software, a target symbol and velocity vector will be shown within a few seconds.
8.3 Tracked Target Settings Menu
This menu is available either from the CPA/TCPA button on the display, or from the TGT SET button
from the MENU.
1 Switch the CPA/TCPA check ON

When the mode is on, the button is blue and the values are indicated on the button on the display. Then the
targets having both CPA and TCPA values below the specified CPA/TCPA thresholds are displayed as dangerous
and generate referenced alarms.
124 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

2 CPA threshold
Set the Closest Point of Approach distance threshold value with slider.
3 TCPA threshold
Set the Time to Closest Point of Approach threshold with slider.
4 Switch ON/OFF the automatic acquisition of dangerous targets.
The dangerous target having both CPA and TCPA below specified thresholds could be automatically acquired
(activated) if this option is ON.
In case of heavy clutter there could be many false alarms detected this way. It’s
NOTE
recommended to activate such function only if the radar video is filtered effectively.
5 Past Position
User may set the parameters of past position of own ship and target ships. See 8.6 for more details.
6 Show times marks on vectors
The marks are visible when the mode is ON.
7 Auto scale trail

When the mode is ON the Trail and PAST POSN intervals automatically change according to the RANGE value.
See Table 1.
8 Vector indicator
Funciton button
Click to show vector indicator, see 8.7.
9 Target association
Select the value from the drop-down list: AIS over TT, TT over AIS, Association Disabled.
10 No alert for lost target
Enables or disables the alert for lost active AIS targets.
There is no alert for the lost sleeping AIS targets. Sleeping AIS targets don’t generate any
NOTE
kind of alerts at all.
Table 1 Trails and past position intervals
Automatic MANUAL
0.125， Any scale
0.25, 48, (time is
1.5 3 6 12 24
0.5, 96 manually
0.75 variable)
Trails duration 3 6 9 12 18 24 30 0.00 - 6
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 125 / 190

Past Positions
3 6 9 12 18 24 30 0.00 - 30
duration
Past Positions
0.5 1 1 3 3 6 6 0.5 - 6
intervals
1. Automatic: AUTO Scale Trail option in TARGET SETTINGS menu ON
2. MANUAL: AUTO option off
3. Time in minutes
8.4 Prediction Vector Time
Acquired/activated targets and/or own ship (when true vector mode is selected) can have a
predictive vector representing the velocity and direction of the ships motion. Vector length is
indicative for target speed; it is the distance the target will travel in the vector length time interval.
The user can vary the vector time: click the vector button and select a time interval.
The vector prediction appears for targets and active AIS targets.
8.5 Trails
Radar target trails are automatically generated. The trail length (time) is an indication for the radar
target’s past velocity. The trails mode may be true or relative.
Trails are reset whenever own ship is repositioned on the screen, after a change in range scale, or if
the trails mode is changed. The trails time is optimized and automatically adjusted for the range scale
in use (provided AUTO SCALE TARGET SYMBOLS in the Target Settings menu is On) or may be set by
the user. Click/touch the button and move the cursor/finger.
The trails can be cleared (reset) by setting to zero time.
In the background Trail duration counts up to the automatic range setting and when pulse length is
changed AND the AUTO SCALE TARGET SYMBOLS in the Target Settings menu is On, Trail duration
126 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
time is set to the automatic range setting.
The control has slider behavior. To customize the trail interval, click the control (the cursor disappears,
the control turns blue) and move the trackball for increasing/decreasing the interval value displayed
on the control. When the demanded value is set, click one more time to fix the setting.
8.6 Past Position
Past positions of TGT SET page is generated for both own ship and target ships (radar and AIS targets).
Past positions contains two parameters, length and interval. Past positions are retained if own ship is
repositioned on the screen, after one increment or decrement in the range scale and after a change
in stabilization mode.
Interval
Click the V button of Interval to open the list box menu. Click to select the track plot interval from the
menu. Enter the time value in the box of Length to display track of tracked target.(24h is maximum of
OS and 60 min is the maximum of TT) Click the <Clear> button to clear tracked target track from the
display. The operation of OS and TT are similar.
Time label
User may select <Show Time label> to indicate time labels, otherwise to hide the time labels.
Use the list box adjacent to <Interval> to select the multiple between time label and interval. For
example, x20 means the interval of time label is 20 times of the one of track.
The OS track parameters is synchronized with PAST POSN located on right lower corner of Main
Display Area, see 8.1.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 127 / 190

8.7 Vector Indicator
User may set the indication of indicators as required, to open, close these two indicators or only one
of them.
Select <STW> to indicate the sea stabilization indicator, and select <SOG> to show the ground
stabilization indicator. To close the display, cancel the corresponding options.
The selection of STW is non-cancelable under S stabilization mode, while the selection of SOG is
non-cancelable under G stabilization mode.
8.8 Target Tracking
1 TT Info
Target tracking information tab. Displays all tracked target information represented as info boxes.
2 List
List of the tracked targets. See 8.8.1.
3 Custom
Define target parameters displayed in the target info boxes.
4 Default
Click the button to rearrange the tracked targets in the value of CPA.
5 TT Info box
The information of a tracked target. Click on the box to select the target.
6 X
Click the button to cancel the target tracking.
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7 TT, AIS,
Switchers of the radar, AIS, and radar+AIS target tracking respectively
8.8.1 Radar target list
1 Info
The current target data
2 List of targets
Buttons with target numbers. Click to display the target data. The target in PPI is not selected.
3 Lost target button
The lost target number is red.
4 Select
Click to select the current target. The tab switches to the TT Info with the target selected and the target is
selected in PPI.
When operating in REF GND mode, the button set the reference target. See 4.7.5.5.
5 Cancel
Click to cancel tracking of the current target. All referenced alerts will also disappear.
6 All cancel
Click to cancel tracking of all targets in the list. The operation requires to be confirmed.
8.8.2 Target tracking characteristics
Target tracking is available on all range scales and the maximum tracking range is 20 NM (at least,
depending on pulse length). Minimum tracking range is typically 0.1 NM. The simulated tracking
scenarios (Appendix Simulation13.2) demonstrate the tracking accuracy performance, as required by
IMO. HLD-RADAR 900 meets or exceeds that accuracy. The tracker range and bearing accuracy is
within the greater of 50 m or +/- 1 % of the target range, and the bearing is within 2°.
Typical tracked target accuracy is illustrated in Table below. The accuracy shown assumes 95%
probability values. Sensor errors, own ship stability and target characteristics affect this accuracy.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 129 / 190

Relative CPA TCPA
Time and status Relative speed True course º True speed
course º NM minutes
1 min: 11 Greater of 1.0 -- -- --
Trend 1.5 kn or 10%
3 Min 3 Greater of 0.8 kn 0.3 0.5 5 Greater of 0.5 kn

Prediction or 1% or 1%
Targets continue to be tracked, irrespective of the range scale selected. Radar targets can be
manually acquired or are automatically acquired using the Auto Zones. The Auto Zones are common
with automatic AIS target activation. The User may apply land masking (see 5.5) to the auto zones to
reduce the unwanted acquisition of land features. Any radar target entering, or detected within, an
Auto Zone is automatically acquired and similarly, any AIS target is activated. Up to total 100 radar
targets can be acquired, irrespective of acquisition method. After 95 targets, there is an indication
that the acquisition capacity is about to be exceeded (caution).
The display will produce a velocity vector for an acquired target previously detected (internally
tracked) within 2 scans. Targets will continue to be tracked if detected for at least 50% of scans.
Whenever own ship or a target has made a maneuver, target motion trend is available within 1
minute and a stable predicted motion is available within 3 minutes.
Some reduction in tracking accuracy will occur in the following situations:
• during the initial acquisition phase (when the target is newly detected)
• during the maneuver of own ship (gyro dependent)
• during the tracked target maneuver(notably with turns above 20º/s)
• in the presence of a tracking disturbance (for example, in heavy clutter)
• due to own ship’s motion and sensor characteristics.
However, the error within the radar tracking is insignificant relative to own ship’s sensor errors (own
ship’s gyro must be responsive to own ship’s motion) and an error of up to 1º may occur when own
ship is rolling and pitching in heavy seas. Target tracking is smoothed to reduce vector instability
though this does create a small lag in the response whenever a target makes a turn or changes its
speed.
130 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

The tracked target is reported as lost after tracker fails to find the correspondent radar plot for it for
15 consequent radar scans. The referenced warning is generated then. The tracker keeps lost target
reported out at latest confirmed position until operator acknowledges the “Lost target” alert or
removes given target manually.
8.9 CPA/TCPA
Preset CPA/TCPA limits are applied to both acquired radar targets and AIS targets. Limits are: CPA 0.0
NM to 30 NM, TCPA 1 min to 60 min.
By default, the CPA/TCPA alarm functionality is applied to all reported AIS targets. In a harbor
environment the CPA/TCPA can be set to zero to prevent an excessive number of alarms.
The CPA/TCPA limits are set in the TGT SET (target settings) menu. If the calculated CPA and TCPA
values of a tracked target or AIS target are both below the set limits, a CPA/TCPA alarm is given in
visual and audio form, and the target causing the alarm is indicated by a red flashing symbol.
For AIS targets, the CPA/TCPA limits also provide an automatic AIS activation function; it can be
disabled in situations where excessive alarms may occur. This is very useful, for instance moored in
harbor environments where many AIS targets will be reported. The tracked target (TT) visual alarm
cannot be switched OFF.
Disabling the CPA/TCPA AIS automatic activation function requires that the CPA/TCPA function and
alarm is switched off in the TGT SET menu, See 8.3.
8.10 AIS
The AIS function supports radar in the task of collision avoidance. To ensure co-location with radar
video, the reported AIS information is time-referenced. The co-location is independent of the
selected speed reference. The CCRP is used as a common reference for AIS and tracked targets.
The AIS VDL messages types listed below are processed by HLD 900 Series Radar:
• 1, 2, 3 and 5 (Class A AIS);
• 18, 19 and 24 (Class B AIS);
• 4 (AIS Base stations);

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 131 / 190
• (AIS on Airborne SAR-craft);
• 21 (AIS for ATON);
• 14 (Safety related messages)
AIS Class A is available for SOLAS ships and provides a full set of target data. AIS Class B is available
for non-SOLAS craft and provides a subset of that data. The AIS reporting rate is dependent on the
target motion and status. The information of a selected AIS target is displayed in the same window as
the information of tracked targets, but MMSI is shown instead of status.
Whereas the display can process all of the AIS messages listed, the messages are filtered according to
a range criteria specified by the user. The range criteria for the AIS filter is indicated on the radar
operational area by a range limit circle. Targets that meet the filter criteria may be presented as
sleeping or as activated.
To show/hide AIS targets in the PPI, use the AIS button (see 4.7.7).
8.10.1 AIS capacity of display
The display of AIS targets is limited to prevent excessive symbols from being presented on the screen.
Targets are filtered for display by user-specified range criteria. The AIS target range limit is set in the
AIS menu (Max range sleeping AIS) and in addition, as the target count reaches the display capacity,
the range for displaying AIS targets is decreased to retain close range targets.
The system is able to process up to 999 AIS targets, of which up to 500 may be activated. The service
engineer can set these two parameters according to user’s requirement.
An indication is provided when the target processing or display capacity is close to (95% capacity) or
at the maximum specified, and an alarm is given when capacity has been exceeded. If the maximum
activated target display capacity has been reached, the presentation of AIS targets will be restricted
by range, however targets that meet or exceed the CPA/TCPA criteria, are retained. Individual AIS
targets can be de-activated to revert to the sleep state, however individual AIS targets cannot be
removed from the presentation.
NOTE The capacity of tracked targets is 100.
132 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

8.10.2 AIS data
To display the AIS targets information, select AIS in the TARGET menu. Info boxes of all AIS targets are
displayed.
1 AIS Info box

The user predefined parameters are displayed. Not all of them.
2 Mode button
Click to change mode from sleeping to active and vice versa. The mode to change is displayed.
3 More
Expands the entire list of AIS parameters
4 X
Click to close the data box of this AIS target.
NOTE Dangerous target is not available to switch to the sleeping mode.
To display the simple list of all AIS targets, click the LIST tab.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 133 / 190

The CUSTOM tab contains the list of parameters to display.
8.10.3 AIS selection
To find the AIS target information, click on the target in PPI. The selected target is the first in the AIS
Info tab.
134 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Alternatively, go to the AIS List, then either double-click on the target or click on the target and then
click the Select button.
8.10.4 AIS filtering
The AIS settings dialog is available either with the AIS Menu button from the MENU, or with AIS
filtering button on the radar display.
The filter parameters are displayed above the button, when the filter is active.
1 General information
Total AIS numbers and active AIS numbers
2 Option to ID display
Select the parameter, which will identify the AIS in PPI: Name, Call Sign, MMSI. It is possible to hide the ID.
3 Show AIS outlines
If the outline data is available, it is displayed when the function is active.
4 Show own ship AIS data
Opens the panel with the AIS own ship data.
5 Show safety related messages
Opens the list of messages. See 8.10.5.
6 Filtering AIS
Filter settings: use the RANGE sliders to set the area of AIS display. Tick on the target types that should be
hidden. The list of hidden types and the current range are displayed under the AIS Filtering button, when the
mode is active.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 135 / 190

8.10.5 Safety related messages
The console displays the list of received messages. Click on the message for viewing the message
details.
If necessary, the messages can be acknowledged with the Acknowledge All Messages button.
8.11 Association of Tracked and AIS Targets
In order to optimize the representation of target information at the radar screen, the association of
tracked and AIS targets is provided. The tracked target and AIS target arranged at the same location
and behaving similar way are represented as single target at the radar screen. Depending on the
current settings, the priority is given to tracked targets or to AIS (see 8.3, item 8).
Following symbols are used for the target association:
Symbol Description
No association between AIS and tracked target. Both are displayed independently.
136 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Symbol Description
Association with AIS priority over tracked targets. The target is represented as triangle of
standard size for AIS target representation and the circle around it. The exact position, heading
and vector correspond to AIS information.
Association with tracked target priority over AIS. The target is represented as circle of standard
size for tracked target representation and the triangle inside it. The exact position and vector
correspond to tracked target information.
Following association criteria are used:
Parameter Maximal value deviation for association Minimal value deviation for de-association
Speed 25% 50%
Course 20◦ 40◦
Range 0.9% 1.8%
Bearing 0.9◦ 1.8◦
The association criteria were carefully found for compliancy with association scenarios described in
NOTE
IEC 62388. No manual correction of these parameters is available.
The found target associations are reported out in $RATLB messages, as required by IEC 62388.
The target association in HLD-RADAR 900 System doesn’t influence on the tracking functionality. It
just helps to minimize clutter out of target information on the screen and to verify the tracking
performance and system adjustments. The tracked targets and AIS targets representing the same
vessel must be associated in normal conditions.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 137 / 190

9 NAVIGATIONAL TOOLS
9.1 Parallel Index Lines
Parallel indexing is an important radar technique that harnesses the inherent relative position
accuracy of a radar system. Parallel index (PI) lines provide the Mariner with a quick confirmation
that own ship is travelling in safe waters. Parallel indexing ensures that own-ship follows the
intended ground track and any deviation due to set and drift (water currents and wind) can be
readily identified.
A PI line is an electronic graphic, presented in the form of a straight line, that is set at a fixed
perpendicular distance (the beam range) from own ship, and set at a pre-set bearing. The bearing is
usually the intended course over ground (COG). The PI line can be set such that the beam range of
the PI is equivalent to the planned passing distance of a radar object (for example a buoy), or
alternatively can be set to define a limit so that the radar object should never cross the PI line. Two
PI lines may be positioned whereby one defines the intended ground track, the other set as a safety
limit.
Own ship should be conned such that the radar object remains on track as defined by the PI line. In
the event that own-ship must take avoiding action in a potential collision situation and thereby
deviate from the planned track, the radar object should always remain on the safe side of the limit PI
line.
The required PI bearing for own-ship ground track is available on the navigation chart and the PI
offset (the beam range) can be set at the required passing distance of the radar object.
PI lines may be used in all orientation modes (H Up, C Up, H UP and T UP), and on relative motion or
true motion modes. In True Motion, the PI line will move across the display with own-ship’s motion,
whereas in Relative Motion the PI line will be static. Whatever presentation mode is selected, the PI
lines are used in exactly the same way.
Parallel index lines are shown as a series of lines (maximum of 4) aligned to a set bearing, and spaced
at a series of beam ranges. The lines are distinguishable from each other and from EBL lines by line
style and color. The functionality can adjust the lines in range, bearing and length, to be used for a
138 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

safe water line or leading line.
9.1.1 Working with the PI lines
There are four PI lines. To start setting, click one of the buttons.
The PI line with last set parameters (or default) is displayed and the PI settings dialog is open on the
screen Control window.
In certain version of software, there is no shortcuts on interface. User may open PI by using Control
NOTE
windwo->Menu->PI lines.
1 The appropriate line button

PI1, PI2, PI3, PI4. When activated (pressed), the proper PI line is displayed in the PPI and could be edited
2 Edit
The button is available when the proper PI object is activated. When the mode is ON, the proper PI is
available to edit. Only the one PI can be edited in one time.
3 Color indicator
Indicates the line colors. The colors are fixed and not available for editing.
4 True/Relative
Switches the bearing between relative to own ship and true. The current mode is displayed next to the PI
line.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 139 / 190

5 BEAM RANGE
Click to set the range in PPI with trackball.
The cursor shape changes and the bearing line is displayed while the mode is active (see Figure 31). The
current value is displayed on the Value of beam range button.

6 Value of beam range
Click to adjust the value with keyboard.
7 BEARING
Press to set bearing in PPI with trackball.
The cursor shape changes and the bearing line is displayed while the mode is active (see Figure 29). The
current value is displayed on the Value of bearing button.

8 Value of bearing
Click to adjust the value with keyboard.
9 Limited length
When active, the edited PI has limited length
10 Set PT1
The start point of the PI (available when the Limited length is ON).
11 Set PT2
The end point of the PI (available when the Limited length is ON).
12 TO OS HDG
Set the PI in parallel to the current heading
13 Fix bearing and range
When the function is active, the current bearing and range are fixed and it is possible to change PT positions
without changing the range and bearing values.
14 Reset all PI
Set all PI to the default values (see Figure 30)
15 All ON
Make all PI visible
16 All OFF
Make all PI invisible
17 FILE
File menu: save, load, delete, set default PI configurations.
The saved PI configuration is automatically distributed between all workstation in the LAN.
140 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 29 Bearing is ON
Figure 30 Default Pls
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 141 / 190

Figure 31 Beam range is ON
9.2 Maps
A radar map is a combination o777f User-defined map (poly) lines, symbols (or icons) and text.
User-generated features are retained in a non-volatile memory. The user can manually create and
change, save or load navigation lines/routes/icons/text referenced to own ship or to a geographical
position. Radar maps navigation icons are similar to those used for the chart radar, as specified in
S57 (simplified).The navigational symbols are arranged for simple operation.
Symbols, lines and text can be moved, deleted or modified. A map with its reference point can be
saved to file, reloaded or deleted. The display of this information can temporarily be hidden with the
HIDE SYNTH button on the display or the DATA OFF key on the Human Interface Unit. Presentation of
map lines, colors and symbols is defined in.
9.3 Map Menu
The Map menu is available under the MAPS button in the MENU.
This menu provides operations with reference point, files and objects.
142 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

1 Clear all
Delete all objects from the PPI.
2 File
Opens the download dialog for saved user maps. The saved MAP is automatically distributed between all
workstation in the LAN and become available at other HLD radars as well.
3 New RP
Opens the dialog for setting a new reference point position.
4 Move RP
Activates the reference point moving mode. Click the button, then drag-n-drop the reference point icon in
the PPI.
5 Go to RP
Centers the PPI on the current reference point.
6 RP
The current reference point position.
7 Go to OS
Centers PPI on the own ship position
8 COLOR
Activates the drop-down list of colors for lines. Select color from the list. Color is applicable to the text object
too.
9 STYLE
Activates the drop-down list of line styles. Select style from the list.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 143 / 190

10 Icon
Opens the list of available icons, see 9.3.1.2.
11 Current icon in use
The indicator shows the selected icon. Only one icon can be in use in one time.
12 Current line (color and style) in use
The indicator shows the current color and line style. The color is applicable to the text object too.
13 New objects area
To insert an object click the proper button: Line, Icon, or Text
14 Arrows for object selection
The only plotted objects can be selected
15 Operations with objects
The buttons functionality depends on the selected object.
9.3.1 Plotting objects
9.3.1.1 Line
To plot a new line in the PPI, proceed as follows:
1. Define line color and style
2. Click the Line button in the New Object area.
3. Locate the cursor in the PPI and click, the first point is plotted.
4. Repeat the step 3 unless the polyline is complete.
5. Right click to end the line.
In case, the next line is required, repeat the procedure.
9.3.1.2 Icon
To plot a new icon, proceed as follows:
1. Click the Icon button. An icon dialog appears (see Figure 32 )
144 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 32 Select icon dialog
2. Select an icon of three categories, then click <OK> button. The selected icon is the current
default icon and displayed on the indicator.
3. Click the Icon button in the New object area. The mode is activated.
4. Locate the cursor on the proper position in PPI and click. The icon is set, the mode is off.
5. To plot the same icon, repeat steps 3 and 4. To plot other icon, repeat all steps from 1 to 4.
9.3.1.3 Text
To plot text in the PPI, proceed as follows:
1. Specify the text color with the COLOR drop-down list.
2. Click the Text button in the New object area.
3. Click in the PPI at the desired location. A text box appears. The Control window is switched to
virtual keyboard.
4. Type the text and click OK.
To plot other text, repeat the procedures.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 145 / 190

9.3.2 Edit objects
9.3.2.1 Line
The following actions are available for the line object:
• Delete: delete the selected line
• Move: move the selected line to a new position
• Insert a new point: add a new point to the line leg
• Append a new point: add a new leg to the selected line.
To delete the selected line:
1. Select the line in the PPI or using the arrows.
2. Click the Delete button. The line is deleted.
To move the selected line:
1. Select the line in the PPI or using the arrows.
2. Click the Move button.
3. Click the position where the line should be moved. When line is moved, the position is
displayed.
4. To amend the position (if necessary), double click on the proper field and edit the value with
keyboard.
146 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

5. Click the Move button to switch the mode off.
To insert a new point to a line leg:
1. Click on the line or select it with arrows.
2. Click the Insert button.
3. Click on the selected leg or near it. The new point appears and the leg is split on two.
4. Repeat if necessary.
5. Click the Insert button or right click to switch the mode off.
To append a new point:
1. Click on the line or select it with arrows.
2. Click the Append PT button. The new leg is appended to the last point.
3. Click on the required position. If no more legs required, right click to switch the mode off.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 147 / 190

9.3.2.2 Icon
To edit the plotted icon (deleting or moving) proceed as follows:
1. Click on the icon in the PPI selecting it. Alternatively, click the arrows until the Icon appears
inline.
2. Select Move and click on the desired position. The icon is moved. When the Move mode is
on, the coordinates can be edited in the same way as for the line object.
3. To delete the selected icon, click the Delete button.
9.3.2.3 Text
The moving and deleting operations are the same as for the icon and line objects.
To edit the plotted text proceed as follows:
1. Select the text.
2. Click the Edit button. The virtual keyboard appears.
3. Input the new text and click OK.
4. Click on the Edit button to switch the mode off.
9.4 Route
HLD-RADAR 900 can display routes received from an external ECDIS. The content of the route
information varies according to the source. There are no active operations available for routes in the
Radar Client application.
RADAR900 can not activate a route but can deactivate a route.
To get data of the current active route, click the ROUTE button in the MENU.
148 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

To show the route in the PPI, click the Show Route button. The button goes blue. To hide the route,
click the button again.
Click the Show WPT Names, XTD, Show To-WPT Line button, the names of the waypoints, XTD lines
and the line between own ship to activated waypoint will display on the PPI.
NOTE The deactivated route will be dispear on PPI after user click Deactivate button.
9.5 EBL/VRM
Two pairs of an EBL (electronic bearing line) and VRM (variable range marker) are present.
By default these navigation tools provide measurements referenced to own ship Consistent Common
Reference Point, the CCRP (and NOT to the radar origin!), but it is also possible to move the EBL/VRM
origin (offset).
The EBL readouts may show true bearings or bearings relative to own ship’s heading. Each active EBL
has a numerical readout with a resolution of 0.1º, with a maximum radar system error of 1° and a
measurement uncertainty of 0.5 º at the periphery of the display.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 149 / 190

The VRM and EBL operations are available with the Human Interface Units keys and rotary knobs.
NOTE
See 3.5 and 3.6.
To set EBL or VRM with buttons proceed as follows:
1. Click the EBL or VRM button to activate the function. It goes green, that means the Follow
cursor (default) mode is on, and the EBL/VRM will appear in the radar video area, centered at
the CCRP and with the previously used bearing or range.
2. Set the required range or bearing by moving the cursor to the required value in the PPI and
click once. The button goes blue that means the Follow cursor mode is OFF.
3. Click the button and select mode from the drop-down list:
• Relative EBL/True EBL
• Dropped/Dropped(Disabled)
• Separate/Set as ERBL
• Follow cursor
• Offset
• Close
The modes mean:
• Relative EBL/True EBL: the EBL specific mode; True EBL appears when currently relative mode
(Relative to own ship heading instead of relative to the north direction) is selected and vice
versa. The mode is indicated on the button by a (T) or (R). And this option is no available for
VRM.
• Dropped/Dropped (Disabled): is greyed out when the EBL/VRM origin is at the CCRP. After
applying an offset, the default mode is Dropped, and the button will become available and
change to Dropped (Disabled). And this option is no available for VRM.
• Separate/Set as ERBL: the mode allows the user to switch between individually adjusting the
EBL and VRM or combined.
• Follow cursor: can be used to change the range and/or bearing of the EBL VRM
150 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

• Offset / Home: can be used to move the EBL/VRM origin from the CCRP to a user-defined
position and back. The button shows “Offset” when the origin is at the CCRP and “Home”
when the origin is off-centered. The only way to modify the offset of an EBL/VRM after the
first offset has been set is by moving the cursor to the origin and dragging it to the required
position or
• Close: turn off the selected EBL/VRM
The buttons change depending on the current situation.
When an EBL or VRM is switched OFF, the previous setting is retained. It is the default setting the
next time the EBL or VRM is switched ON again.
Each active VRM has a numerical readout and a resolution compatible with the measured range. All
VRM range measurements are given in nautical miles. VRM measurement accuracy is within 1% or
30m, whichever is greater. All range measurements are measured in nautical miles (NM). If the VRM
is switched ON and the VRM range previously set is outside of the range scale currently in use, the
VRM ring will be in Follow Cursor mode to allow the user to quickly reposition the VRM.
9.6 Anchor Watch
Anchor watch monitors the own ship position and gives an audible and visual alarm if the ship moves
outside the user set limit.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 151 / 190

The limit is defined as a circle with a user specified radius (in NM) around the current OS position. If
the own ship moves out of this circle, the Anchor Alarm is shown in the Alarm List.
1 Activation button
Click to activate the function. The button is blue when the function is active.
2 Manual Input
Select Manual Input, user may enter the predetermined anchor location and adjust the distance (radius) in new
window.
Click <Preview> to show the location of own ship and predetermined anchor (the predetermined anchor is
white).
Click <Active> button to apply the data of predetermined anchor.
3 Anchor location
RADAR900 provides left anchor and right anchor. User may set them in CCRS page (12.6.) as required.
To view the data of anchor, select Left ANCH or RIGHT ANCH.
User have to switch left or right anchor manually. And there is only one anchor data at a time.
4 Offset value
Check the offset parameter user set in CCRS page. For more details, see 12.6.
5 Distance value
Slider for setting the distance value. Available when the function is not active.
To set Anchor watch proceed as follows:
1. Open CCRS page (12.6.)
2. Set the offset and distance value if necessary or enter predetermined anchor by Manual
Input in ANCH page.
3. Press the ACTIVATE button of ANCH page to activate the anchor watch function.
The LAT/LON coordinates of the center of the watching circle are shown.
The green anchor watch circle appears in the radar area.
152 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

The anchorage guard zone may be adjusted between 0.01NMand 1NM.
NOTE Set the RANGE value 12 NM or less to make the anchor watch circle more visible.
The anchor watch functionality is only provided for own ship. The anchorage zone parameters are
global for the system and available for all workstation.
Anchor watch is NOT a guard zone-like function. Setting an anchor watch does not relieve the
CAUTION Officer of the Watch of the responsibility to keep a good look-out, nor of keeping track of the
own ship’s position and of surrounding traffic.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 153 / 190

10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table 2 Display features
Display features
Presentation mode Day, Dusk, Night
Typical viewing distance (m) 0.75
Resolution 1920x1200
Aspect ratio 8:5
PPI diameter 320mm
Available scales (NM) 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.5
Short range Range video resolution (m) 2.4
Azimuth on-screen resolution (degree) 0.1
Available scales (NM) 3
Medium range Range video resolution (m) 2.4
Available scales (NM) 6, 12, 24, 48, 96
Long range Range video resolution (m) 2.4
Relative motion (RM) Supported with true and relative vectors/trails.
True motion (TM) Supported with true and relative vectors/trails.
Off-centering Up to 75% range scale in use or 50% at 0.25 – 0.75 NM ranges.
MAX View 75% range scale in use or 50% at 0.25 – 0.75 NM ranges.
Geographical coordinates and bearing/range. Continuously displayed when the
Cursor
cursor is within radar screen.
Table 3 Input / Output Interface
Input / Output Interface

Serials 1 x IEC 61162-2 + 3 x IEC 61162-1
LAN IEC 61162-450 at 1Gbits Redundant Ethernet
Data inputs
Analogue signals from radar Video, Trigger Pulse, Azimuth Pulse and Heading
sensor Marker
Serials 1 x IEC 61162-2 + 3 x IEC 61162-1
Data outputs IEC 61162-450 + processed radar video at 1Gbits
LAN
Redundant Ethernet
Alarm output 1 x Isolated pair normally closed radar failure contact
Data export/import 1 USB port available for user
Table 4 ARPA
ARPA
Acquisition Auto, manual, up to 100 targets
Tracking In background, up to 6000 targets
154 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Table 5 AIS
AIS
Presentation Totally maximum 999 targets capacity, maximum 500 can be activated. AIS overflow
mechanism of priority. The service engineer can set these two parameters according
to user's requirement.
Safe checking 500 targets in total.
Table 6 Maps
Maps
Map drawing Operator compiled maps
Each map can contain a set of polylines, texts and symbols
Selectable colors and line styles
Map stabilization Geographic
Map storage By name
Map adjustment Moving and coordinate adjustment are allowed
Parallel index Four independent parallel index lines
Two-ended line mode is available
True and Relative modes
Data readout Own ship data
ARPA target data
AIS target data
Cursor parameters
Table 7 Radar scanners
Radar scanners
X-band X-band S-band
Attribute
6ft Antenna 8ft Antenna 12ft Antenna
Transmission
9410 MHz ± 30 MHz 3050 MHz ±15 MHz
frequency
Peak transmit power 25 kW 30 kW
Transceiver location Upmast with motorized antenna turning unit
Dynamic range ≥100 decibels (dB)
Intermediate
60 MHz
frequency (IF)
0.05µS/3000Hz 0.07µS/3000Hz
Pulse widths and
0.25µS/1800Hz 0.25µS/1800Hz
pulse repetition
0.75µS/785Hz 0.75µS/785Hz
frequencies (PRFs)
1.20µS/500Hz 1.20µS/500Hz
Receiver bandwidths 3 MHz / 20 MHz
Receiver noise figure ≤4.5 dB
Antenna aerial length 6 feet 8 feet 12 feet
Horizontal beam
≤1.20 degrees ≤1 degrees ≤1.80 degrees
width (at -3dB)
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 155 / 190
Radar scanners
X-band X-band S-band
Attribute
6ft Antenna 8ft Antenna 12ft Antenna
Vertical beam width
24 degrees ± 2 degrees
(at -3dB)
Side lobes within 10°
<-23dB < -24 dB
of main beam
Side lobes outside
<-30dB
10° of main beam
Antenna rotation
22 rpm and 44 rpm ± 2 rpm 24 rpm ± 2 rpm
speed
Gain 29dB ± 0.5 dB 30.0 dB ± 0.5 dB 28 dB ± 0.5 dB
VSWR ≤1.15
Polarization Horizontal
Wind resistance 100 knots/h
Ingress protection IP66
Maximal video cable
30 m
length
Electrical power feed 220/115 VAC 50/60 Hz 220/115 VAC 50/60 Hz
1100VA on a stationary
Electrical power 150VA on a stationary platform with no wind platform with no wind
absorption 500VA under fullest load conditions 3000VA under fullest load
conditions
Performance monitor Built-in active type
Weight of complete
35 kg. 38 kg. 180 kg.
scanner unit
IMO Resolution MSC.192(79)
IEC 62388 Edition 2.0 of 2013
Standards met IMO Resolution A.694(17) of 1991
IEC 60945 Edition 4.0 of 2002
IMO Resolution A.813(19) of 1995
156 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

11 USER MAINTENANCE
11.1 Maintenance (Display)
The display is solid state and has no specific components. Regular maintenance tasks are:
• To ensure that fan filters and air intakes are clean and free from obstruction;
• To keep the display screen surface clean;
• To clean the Trackball and associated shafts (where fitted) as necessary;
11.2 Components with limited lifetime
11.2.1 Radar magnetron
The radar sensor includes a thermionic magnetron and this component has a limited life as stated by
the manufacturer.
Open MENU of Control window, and click RADAR-> RADAR SENSOR->ANTENNA.
The display keeps a record of the hours that the equipment is operational (VALUE)and this record
provides an indication of when a magnetron should be replaced (REF).
With normal radar use, it is generally recommended that the magnetron is replaced every 4000
hours for X-Band and 4000 hours for S-Band radar.

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 157 / 190
11.2.2 Display screen
The display LCD screen uses back illumination and this has a typical operational life of up to 50,000
hours. Failure of the screen will require a technician to replace the screen unit.
11.2.3 Retained parameters
If the hard disk that retains parameters for the display is replaced, it is important to preserve the
parameters relevant to the system and to transfer them to a replacement hard disk. The server hard
disk and a portable memory stick are used for backup and easy transfer of parameters. The transfer
is accessed via the DEFAULTS menu via the "Export/Import" button; a second level dialogue will open
with an option to export / import custom data, and to export / import the complete configuration.
The saved parameters include:
• System configuration: including radar sensors, speed / heading / position serial messages;
• Radar sensor heading skew, sync delay, blind sectors, antenna height, frequency band for
each;
• Installation, default and custom setting configurations;
• CPA/TCPA limits, lost target limits, auto zone settings;
• Own ship dimensions, turn rate / acceleration rate, CCRP position, radar/GPS antenna
positions;
• User defined maps (lines and objects).
11.2.4 System failure diagnostics by active alerts

Alert Text Meaning Action
Position data failed, Heading Radar does not receive data of Check the status of referenced device(s) and
data failed etc. specified type at all. connection cables.
Radar: position error, The MCU receives navigational This could be a failure in software functioning. If
Radar: heading error, data from referenced sensor, but the problem remains after system restart, report
Radar: SOG error, the tracking module does not get it to the manufacturer.
Radar: COG error, it.
Radar: STW error
No communication with The MCU cannot establish Ensure that the radar sensor is powered on.
radar sensor communication with radar Check if the cable from radar sensor is reliably
158 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Alert Text Meaning Action
sensor. connected to MCU.
Inspect the connecting cable for physical defects.
In case if after the system restart the problem is
still present, report it to the manufacturer.
Radar: no video MCU does not receive Inspect the coaxial video cable connection to the
reasonable video signal from the MCU.
radar sensor. Inspect the coaxial video cable for physical
defects.
Switch the radar sensor power off and on again
after 60 seconds. If the problem remains after
system restart, report it to the manufacturer.
Radar: no sync, MCU does not receive Check if the cable from radar sensor is reliably
Radar: no azimuth, referenced synchronization connected to MCU.
Radar: no heading marker signal. Inspect the connecting cable for physical defects.
In case if after the system restart the problem is
still present, report it to the manufacturer.
11.3 Maintenance & Self-test
Open the SYSTEM page of MENU of Control window. SelfTest and maintenance are included in
Maintenance.
Select <Maintenance> from the list box menu of Functions window.
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Maintenance page contains two parts, Self-test and Maintenance.
Maintenance is used for software maintenance, restoring and update. This function is protected by
password, which is kept by service engineer.
Self-test function is designed to check the disk capacity, connection conditions of internet and dongle,
chart data file structure, service running condition of Redis and PostgreSQL, and the running
condition of Decider, ETS and SNGF.
Click <SelfTest> button to open the window as follow. And ECDIS600 will run the self-test program
automatically and indicate the results to user.
There are two results, Pass (in green) and Error (in yellow), and user may further maintain ECDIS600
following the results.
Click <Export> button to export the testing results to mobile storage device in PDF format.
Click <Renew> button to check ECDIS600 one more time.
Click <Close> button to quit the window.
Prompt window will indicates the relevant notes to user.
160 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

12 CONNING APPLICATION
See 7.6 and 7.7 for the details of CAM page and CAM History page.
12.1 Navigation Page
To open the Navigation page, switch to Conning application by Side panel and use the tabs on the top
to select the NAVIGATION tab.
Navigation page and Docking page of Conning application show the current information and
navigation data Conning application.
Navigation page is intended for enlarged presentation of the following data which is needed when
navigation:
• l HDG (Heading);
• l STW;
• l COG;
• l SOG;
• l ROT;
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 161 / 190
• l XTD;
• l ETA;
• l TTG (Time To Go);
• l Radius (turn radius at the next waypoint);
• l Turn Radius.
12.2 Docking Page
Use the tabs on the top of Conning application, which will be switched to by Side panel, to switch to
Docking page.
Docking page is intended for enlarged presentation of the following data which is needed when
navigation
12.3 AIS Page
The AIS page is intended for indicating the AIS targets separately.
162 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Press button to switch on the chart display, click it again to switch off the chart display.
Press button, a list box menu will appear with Name/Call/MMSI/NONE to be selected
to display with AIS targets. And it will display nothing with AIS targets if the NONE is selected.
Press button, a list box menu will appear with different range values to be
selected to display AIS targets. The user also may use [RANGE +] / [RANGE –] keys on keyboard to
change display range.
Button displays the distance between the rings which changes according to RANGE.
Click this button to switch off the rings display.
The list on top right corner displays all received AIS targets including their names, MMSI range and
distance, user may use the scroll bar to browse all AIS targets.
Click the interested AIS target, a window with more information about the target will appear below
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 163 / 190

this list.
Click the button to expand the information window
12.4 NAVTEX Page
NAVTEX and EGC page.
The page shows the received NAVTEX .
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The page shows the received EGC.
12.5 Records Page
This page records the data about the heading, ROT and rudder in the latest 5, 10, 15 or 30 minutes.
But the time selection is protected by the password. Unlock the protection following 12.7, user may
select the time from the list box menu of Record Time.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 165 / 190

12.6 CCRS Page
CCRS page.
CCRS page is protected by the password usually so that the <modify> button is greyed. Click
<Unlock> button to unlock this page. The text on this button will change to “Lock” and click it will
lock this page.
The unlocking of this page will unlock the permanent silence function too. For more details, see 7.6.
If the parameters in this page are changed, user have to restart the task station to
NOTE
make the change works.
The CCRS page is designed for the setting and the presentation of the following items:
• own ship shape
• CCRP location,
• position of GPS1 antenna;
• position of GPS1 antenna;
• position of Radar1 antenna;
166 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

• Position of Radar4 antenna;
• Left anchor;
• Right anchor.
User may set the antenna positions according to the antenna quantity installed in reality.
12.6.1 Own ship shape and CCRP location
The OS Shape group provides seven values in two sets, the CCRP parameters and the own ship
parameters. The four CCRP parameters are all allowed to be set by inputting.
The CCRP parameters:
• A - The vertical distance starting from the bow
• B - The vertical distance starting from the stern
• C - The horizontal distance beginning from the port
• D - The horizontal distance beginning from the starboard
The CCRP is located at the cross of the line AB and the line CD.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 167 / 190

The own ship parameters contain three values as the following:
• Ship length = A + B;
• Ship Width = C + D;
• Clearance.
The ship length and ship width are obtained by calculation with the CCRP parameters while the
clearance is set by inputting
12.6.2 GPS and RADAR Antenna location
The custom datum is designed for locating the position of GPS and Radar antennas. It contains the
following parameters:
• Original point – the middle point of stern;
• X axis - the horizontal center line which passes through the original point and deck level;
• Y axis - the vertical center line which passes through the original point and deck level;
• Z axis - the line which goes through the original point and is vertical to the plane identified by
the X axis and Y axis.
The X axis is positive in the right direction, while the Y axis is positive toward the bow. The Z axis is
positive toward the sky.
168 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

To modify the position offset of the GPS1 antenna, follow the procedures below:
• Click the text box and change the value from the keyboard.
• Click the button if the value is required to be negative.
• Click the button to confirm the changes. And the changes will display on the
left.
The position offset modifying of the GPS2, Radar1 Radar2, Radar 3 and Radar4 antennas can
reference the procedures above.
12.6.3 Anchor location
The custom datum designed for locating the position of Anchor is the same as the one for GPS and
Radar antennas.
User may set left and right anchors separately. To modify the position offset of left anchor, follow the
procedures below.
 Click the text box and change the value from the keyboard.
 Click the button if the value is required to be negative.
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 Click the button to confirm the changes. And the changes will display on
the left.
The procedures of modifying the position offset of right anchor is similar with the one of left anchor.
12.7 Sensor Page
Use the tab in the top part of Conning application, which will open up, to switch to Sensor page.
Sensor page is designed for selection of sensor source. It displays eight groups of sensor sources
including as follow:
• Position
• COG
• Date
• Compass Data
• Mode to Water
• Mode to Ground
• Depth Data
• Wind Data
170 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

12.7.1 Selection mode of Sensor Sources
There are two selecting modes of the sensor sources supplied on the upper left corner:
• AUTO - the system sets the primary and secondary sensor source according to the result of
the data examination automatically;
• MAN - setting the primary and secondary sources by operator.
To select the mode, press the button with the mode name.
12.7.2 Status of Sensor Data
The legend shows the means of background colors of the sensor sources and data.
12.7.3 Status of Sensor Source
Each sensor source can be set to four statuses:

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 171 / 190
• Select - to reset the status of source
• Active1 - to set the source as the primary source
• Active2 - to set the source as the secondary source
• Exclude –to manually exclude individual sensors from being automatically selected and used
To open the drop down list, pressing the last button of the sensor source line.
Select the options from the list box menu to set the source of sensor according to the result of the
data check.
12.8 System Page
Figure 33 System page
SYSTEM page indicates the configuration of the HLD-INS 600 and it will only appears when the
workstations are integrated as a system.
172 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

The status of the task station will be indicated, including
the radar state, current application and the sensor
information of serial ports. The current task station name
will be indicated as color blue.
Click the buttons with names will change the application
of the selected task station, and the window indicating the
application of the task station will be changed too.
Click the button with the mode name to select to the mode required.
Click the button with the color scheme to change the color palette.
Click the button with the language to change the language. User can change the language on SYSTEM
menu. User also can set the language by Human Interface Unit (3.7) or button (4.7.1).
The operation buttons of setting Color Scheme independently will be appear in this part after
unlocking. When user select independent setting, the modification of Color Scheme only works in
local station.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 173 / 190

13 APPENDIX
13.1 Trial Manoeuvre
Trial manoeuvre is used to evaluate, and graphically show, the calculated positions of all acquired
radar targets and activated AIS targets (not sleeping targets) around own ship after a specified
manoeuvre of own ship. The time required to carry out the manoeuvre is first calculated, taking into
account the specified change in speed and course, in combination with a defined turn rate and
acceleration. The user then specifies when the manoeuvre should start (max delay 6 min.).
The position of all targets after the manoeuvre has been completed is calculated assuming that the
targets move with constant speed and course (velocity). The position of the own ship during the
manoeuvre is calculated for 20 points evenly distributed in time. If a target is recognized to become
dangerous during or after the manoeuvre, the relevant alarms are activated.
Own ship dynamic characteristics (using parameters entered on installation) are included in the Trial
manoeuvre.
The Trial manoeuvre may be conducted in either ground or sea stabilized modes. However, Trial
NOTE
mode might provide better information by using relative motion and sea stabilization (water
174 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

tracking).
The manoeuvre blue symbol (T) is displayed within the PPI in Trial mode, and real time target
tracking continues with updated actual target information (except vectors) indicated.
During Trial Mode, the presentation shows the actual target position, its predicted position and
vector after the manoeuvre; the track between the actual and the predicted position (dotted lines).
The target symbol remains at its original position. Only the vector moves to the predicted position,
which is connected to the original position by a white dashed line. A blue T symbol indicates the
active trial mode.
13.1.1 Using trial manoeuvre
The Trial Manoeuvre dialogue window provides controls for following trial parameters:
• Course
• Speed
• Delay time before manoeuvre start
• Turn rate
The calculated manoeuvre time, i.e. execution time plus delay time, is displayed in the lower part of
the dialogue menu.
When the operator changes a parameter of Own Ships’ movement (Course or Speed), the time
required for given manoeuvre from current course and speed is calculated according to currently set
turn-rate and speed-rate.
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The final positions of all targets (and Own Ship for True Motion mode) are calculated for the time
defined as Delay + Manoeuvre Time. All trial tracks after execution comprise 20 evenly distributed
time points.
All parameters of tracked targets and reported activated AIS are assumed as constant during the
manoeuvre period.
To end Trial mode, press RUN TRIAL again.
13.2 Simulation
The function is available with the Simulation button in the MENU.
13.2.1 Test scenarios
The Simulation mode is used mostly for training and familiarization purposes. It represent the
tracking functionality with a number of predefined scenarios, each describing the track of simulated
targets and the own ship. The manual and automatic target acquisition modes are available while
working with scenarios. Also, a number of referenced alerts are generated. The selected simulation
scenario replaces the Radar Image; a synthetic picture is generated to verify the tracking
performance using one of four pre-defined scenarios.
The simulated targets are manually acquired, and the measured parameters can then be compared
with a known solution, such that the tracking precision can be validated. A blue S symbol is shown in
PPI to indicate that Simulation mode is active.
During simulation, the actual Radar Image is removed on ALL clients until the SIMULATE
button is pressed again. When in Simulation mode, the normal radar functions are not
available on any connected client (screen). All previously tracked targets will be deleted,
CAUTION
and it will take several minutes to regain real-time targets tracking after ending the
simulation. For this reason it is not recommended to use the simulation mode when the
own ship is sailing.
176 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

To start simulation, select one of predefined scenarios. The selected button turns blue and the
scenario starts. To stop simulation, click the Stop Simulation button.
The Recorded Scenario provides a real world scenario for the user to become familiar with the
display functions. The Radar Sensor related functions are not active, however the signal processing,
tracking and navigation tools (VRM/EBL/Cursor) are all available. Only Radar Sensor control related
functions are not available.
13.2.2 Simulation conditions
In brief, the four scenarios provide:
• Scenario 1 provides 120 stationary targets, eight of which are only 50% visible.
• Scenario 2 provides own ship and three targets moving with constant speed and courses.
• Scenario 3 presents the high speed motion of own ship and one target, while another target
remains stationary.
• Scenario 4 presents the own ship U-turn with 2 moving and one stationary target.
13.2.2.1 Scenario 1
The first scenario demonstrate the system facility to track 100 targets.
The own ship parameters are:
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 177 / 190

• Course 90 deg.
• Speed 10 kn.
• The following target parameters are used:
• Range: from 1 NM to 12 NM
• Speed: 0
• Bearing (deg): 45, 60, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, 315.
The nearest eight targets are visible each second scan (50% of time so far).
Recommended operator’s actions:
1. Set SPA limit to 1NM and TCPA limit to 6 minutes.
2. Activate the scenario 1.
3. Create and activate the automatic acquisition zone with 360 degrees coverage from 0.1 NM
range to 3.5 NM.
4. Verify that first targets are automatically acquired in approximately 1:20 since scenario start.
5. Note that the automatic acquisition of “blinking” targets takes twice-longer time than
acquisition of constantly visible ones.
6. Verify that part of targets generated “Collision with TT target” alarm and all of them
generated “New tracked target” warning.
7. Acknowledge all alerts. The “New tracked target” warnings disappear, while the “Collision
with TT target” alarms remain in acknowledged state until the referenced targets pass the
own ship by. Also, note that dangerous targets are represented as red circles, while all other –
with green circles.
8. Increase the automatic acquisition zone range to 14 NM.
9. Note the appearance of “Tracked target capacity is 100%” warning.
10. Switch the automatic acquisition zone off.
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11. Delete manually one target.
12. Note disappearance of “Tracked target capacity is 100%” warning and appearance of
“Tracked target capacity is 95%” caution instead.
13. Delete 5 more targets manually.
14. Note disappearance of “Tracked target capacity is 95%” caution.
15. Stop the simulation. All targets and referenced alerts will disappear then.
13.2.2.2 Scenario 2
This scenario presents 3 targets moving with different constant speeds in different directions.
Time after start of

Object Range Bearing Speed Course
scenario
Our Ship 0 min ----------- ----------- 20 kn 90 deg
Target 1 0 min 9.5 NM 270 deg 28.3 kn 45 deg
Target 2 0 min 1.12 NM 333 deg 22.4kn 27 deg
Target 3 0 min 9.25 NM 45 deg 15.3kn 293 deg
1. Set the display range 12 NM and and true vectors with length 6 minutes.
3. Acquire manually 3 targets.
4. Note that initially targets appear without vectors.
5. Note appearance of vector within approximately 40 seconds since start of scenario.
6. Select each of targets and compare the calculated speed and course value with expected
ones.
13.2.2.3 Scenario 3
In scenario 3, two targets are on the same bearing 40 degrees. Own ship is moving at 70 kn.
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 179 / 190

Target Range Bearing Speed Course

Own ship --- --- 70 kn
Target 1 5 NM 40 deg 0 kn 45 deg
Target 2 10 NM 40 deg 70 kn 225 deg
1. Set the display range 12 NM and true vectors with length 6 minutes.
3. Acquire manually 2 targets.
4. Note that initially targets appear without vectors.
5. Note appearance of vector within approximately 40 seconds since start of scenario.
6. Select each of targets and compare the calculated speed and course value with expected
ones.
7. Note that the relative speed of more remote target is 140knots towards to own ship.
8. Ensure that this target could be stably tracked within 4 minutes at least.
13.2.2.4 Scenario 4
Here the own ship makes U-turn at 30 kn speed. One of 3 targets also makes the manoeuvre at the
same time. All 3 targets are visible only 50% of time (once in 2 scans).
Target Range Bearing Speed Course ROT Duration

Own ship --- --- 30 kn 0 deg 0 deg/m 120 s
--- --- 30 kn 0 deg 600 deg/m 18 s
--- --- 30 kn 180 deg 0 deg/m till the end

Target 1 5 NM 23 deg 45 kn 180 deg 0 deg/m till the end
Target 2 3 NM 340 deg 0 kn 180 deg 0 deg/m till the end
Target 3 8 NM 180 deg 30 kn 0 deg 0 deg/m 120 s
30 kn 0 deg 600 deg/m 6s
30 kn 60 deg 0 deg/m till the end
180 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

1. Set the display range 12 NM, North up orientation and true vectors with length 6 minutes.
2. Set SPA limit to 2NM and TCPA limit to 6 minutes.
4. Acquire manually 3 targets in order, specified in the table above.
5. Verify that targets 1 and 2 become dangerous, and the referenced alarms are generated.
6. Select the target 3 and check it’s parameters after own ship maneouvre start.
7. Note the target 3 maneouvre is detected soon after own ship U-turn.
8. Verify that targets 1 and 2 become normal after the U-turn of own ship, while the target 3
becomes dangerous.
9. Ensure that the target 3 becomes normal after tracker detects it’s significant course change.
10. Verify that the course of target 3 is properly calculated as approximately 60 degrees in 2:30
minutes since completion of own ship U-turn.
12. Set the Head Up orientation mode and repeat steps 3..11. Check the behavior of bearing
scale, plots and targets during own ship turn.
13.3 Radar Detection Performance
13.3.1 Important Factors
The radar visibility of a target is complex and can be affected by many factors, including own ship
antenna height, radar transmission frequency, target characteristics (for example: height,
construction and aspect) and environmental conditions.
Target RCS (Radar Cross Section) values vary for:
• X-band to S-band radar transmission frequencies,
• Point and distributed targets,

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 181 / 190
• Shoreline depending on the nature of the reflecting surface,
• Ship structure / profile and aspect
Radar transmission gives a similar detection performance in clutter-free conditions for larger targets
on X-band and S-band, however for a smaller target, X-band indicates a better detection range in
clutter-free conditions (Table 9). In rain, S-band is superior (Table 11).
A distributed target, for example, a yacht generates a pattern of multi-path signals that may be
additive or destructive for the combined radar signal. These multi-path signals vary with target range
and therefore either enhance or reduce a target’s visibility as it moves closer or away from own ship.
Target aspect of a ship will affect the radar cross section and can typically impact the radar signal
from a ship by a typical factor of 5 to 10 times. The radar cross section also varies with the ship
profile, its structure and any deck cargo; all of these factors will determine the initial target detection
range.
The environment has a major impact on target detection. Atmospheric conditions and the sea state /
surface can enhance (for example, ducting can increase detection range) or degrade (for example, in
heavy precipitation) a target’s range of first detection. An evaporation duct is a low lying duct (a
change in air density) that traps the radar energy so that it propagates close to the sea surface.
Ducting may enhance or reduce radar target detection ranges.
Sea state is defined according to different scales for example, Douglas, Hydrographic and Beaufort).
Wind speed and direction relative to own ship is often a better indication of sea clutter (as detected
by a radar system) than wave height. Sea clutter depends on the wind duration (time blowing over
the sea) and the fetch (distance blowing over the sea). In coastal waters, sea clutter spikes generated
by the water surface can produce a large radar signal even in relatively calm conditions, and the
radar signal for the spikes is comparable to buoys and small craft. Sea clutter will produce stronger
radar signals looking into the wind.
Rain (precipitation) attenuates radar signals and produces backscatter (radar clutter signals
depending on the rain volume: area x height). Rain has far less impact on the lower S-band frequency
given that most marine radar uses a transmission with horizontal polarisation. The cloud base (height)
is a guide of the rain fall rate (lower cloud equates to heavier rain). The severity of attenuation
182 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

(expressed in dB) depends on the rate of rainfall and the distance the radar transmission has
travelled in that rain (dB/NM).
Table 8 Typical attenuation and backscatter in rain conditions
Radar frequency & parameter Light rain at 4mm/h Heavy rain at 16mm/h
X-band attenuation (dB/NM) 0.109 0.65
S-band attenuation (dB/NM) 0.0028 0.0117
X-band backscatter (m /m )
2 3
-63 -53
S-band backscatter (m /m )
2 3
-83 -73
It can be seen that at X-band, there is far more attenuation (signal loss) and greater backscatter
(more rain clutter), therefore S-band is clearly advantageous in heavy precipitation. Wet snow is
similar to rain, while dry snow has less attenuation and reduced backscatter. Only targets within or
beyond the rain area are attenuated. A total deterioration of 3 to 6dB is noticeable, whereas 10dB or
more will seriously impact target detection.
13.3.2 Target Detection in Minimal Sea Clutter
Expert predicted target detection range is tabulated in Table 9, based on a typical (minimum) IMO
(10kW) radar system in clutter-free conditions. (For performance in clutter conditions relating to
various sea states and in specified rainfall (precipitation).
In Table 9, targets are assumed to be visible on 80% of scans with the gain set to give a minimal
background noise speckle, and assuming a radar detection false alarm of 10-4. Own ship antenna
height is taken as 15m above sea level and predictions are calculated using a 1.3 m antenna.
Different antenna height (and antenna size) above sea level will give differing results, though
generally a higher antenna and longer antenna should result in a longer detection range, until the
target detection is either noise limited (signal too weak for small targets) or for stronger targets, is
not visible due to the horizon. Table 9 provides guidance regarding the range of first detection for
targets in a sea clutter-free environment.
Table 9 Range of target first detected (clutter-free conditions)
Detection range
Target
(NM)
Target Type RCS m2 Height (m)
X-band S-band
(General description with full aspect visible) (X / S-band) above sea level
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Detection range
Target
(NM)
Target Type RCS m 2
Height (m)
X-band S-band
(General description with full aspect visible) (X / S-band) above sea level
High shorelines 50,000 Rising to 60 20 20
Low shorelines 5,000 Rising to 6 8 8
Flat shorelines 2,500 Rising to 3 6 6
Ships (>5,000 gt) 50,000/30,000 10 11 11
Ships(>500 gt) 1,800/1,000 5 8 8
Small vessel with IMO radar reflector 7.5/5.0 4 5 3.7
Navigation buoy (corner reflector fitted) 10/1.0 3.5 4.9 3.6
Navigation buoy 5.0/0.5 3.5 4.6 3
Small vessel (10 m), no reflector fitted 2.5/1.4 2 3.4 3
Channel markers 1.0/0.1 1 2 1
13.3.3 Target Detection in sea clutter
Radar performance predictions provide guidance for target detection however these predictions
should only be seen as a guide. The sea conditions modelled for Table 10 and Table 11 may not
reflect the sea conditions being experienced on a ship at any particular time. Target detection is
influenced by relative wind direction and head wind generates greater radar visible clutter.
Calculations assume a 15 m antenna height and a 3.5 m target height. The probability-of-detection
has been simplified and shown as an O having a size proportional to target visibility, based on a
probability of false alarm of 10-4 and calculated at 0.2 and 0.7 NM. These predictions are without
signal processing; the performance will usually improve with processing applied.
Targets within clutter must compete with the signals generated by the sea and rain, which generate
random radar signals that are often equivalent or greater than a genuine radar target. Typically these
targets include buoys, small boats and yachts therefore there is a real risk of smaller targets not
being visible in adverse clutter conditions. Radar signal processing provides the means to improve
the extraction of genuine targets from clutter.
Sea state should be assessed as a combination of wind speed and wave height. Sea spikes will further
degrade detection and these are typically present in confined waters. Table 10 and Table 11 provide
guidance (based on Expert theoretical predictions) for target visibility at specific target ranges close
to own ship. The averaged visibility predictions are for a small target 1m2 at X-band and 0.1m2 at
184 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6
S-band (defined as channel markers in Table 9). Larger targets of the same height and at the same
range will usually be visible for the same conditions.
Table 10 Direction prediction in sea clutter conditions: X-band
X-band frequency: Target visibility

Sea state 3
Target Sea state 1 Sea state 2 Sea state 4 Sea state 5 Sea state 6
wind
RCS wind 5-7Kn, wind 7-10Kn, wind wind wind
12-16Kn,
(m )
2
wave ht: wave ht: 17-19Kn, 20-25Kn, 26-33Kn,
wave ht:
0.6m 0.9m wave ht: 2m wave ht: 3m wave ht: 4m
1.2m
0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 NM
1 O O O O O O O o - - - -
5 O O O O O O O O O O O o
10 O O O O O O O O O O O O
Table 11 Direction prediction in sea clutter conditions: S-band
S-band frequency : Target visibility

Sea state 3
Target Sea state 1 Sea state 2 Sea state 4 Sea state 5 Sea state 6
wind
RCS wind 5-7Kn, wind 7-10Kn, wind wind wind
12-16Kn,
(m )
2
wave ht: wave ht: 17-19Kn, 20-25Kn, 26-33Kn,
wave ht:
0.6m 0.9m wave ht: 2m wave ht: 3m wave ht: 4m
1.2m
0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.7 NM
0.1 O O O O O O o O o - o -
0.5 O O O O O O O O O O O o
1.0 O O O O O O O O O O O O
(Key for Table 10 and Table 11: O >80%, O >50%, o >10%, - <10%)
13.3.4 Target Detection in Sea and Rain Clutter
A combination of sea and rain clutter will further compromise target detection. Rainfall between
own ship and the target position will attenuate the radar signal (Table 8), with the greater
attenuation at the higher frequency X-band. The attenuation due to the rainfall rate is assumed to be
constant between own ship and the target.
Table 12 demonstrates the impact of rain and sea clutter for a small target at a range of 0.7 to 0.8
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 185 / 190

NM, equivalent to a multi-path peak. In heavy rain and sea state 5, the small target is shown to be
invisible. Signal processing will improve on this performance, though it is difficult to quantify the
improvement given all of the variables to consider and that the sea and rain conditions are based on
the User assessment.
It is recommended that a short transmission pulse length is used in heavy rain conditions and an
adaptive STC and/or scan to scan correlation (SC/SC) will optimize the performance in the higher sea
states. The presentation of the radar image should be set so that there some residual clutter is
retained, indicating that the signal processing is optimal. A radar image devoid of clutter is unlikely to
show weak targets in the most demanding conditions.
Table 12 Predicted target detection (averaged) in rain & sea clutter at 0.7-0.8 NM
0mm/h 4mm/h 16mm/h

SS 0-2 Target visible Target visible Target visible
SS 3 (wind 12-16Kn, wave ht: 0.6m) Target visible Target visible Not visible
SS 4 (wind 17-19Kn, wave ht: 1m) Target visible Target visible Not visible
Marginal X-band: not visible
SS 5 (wind 20-25Kn, wave ht: 2m) Not visible
(50-80% visibility) (S-Band: marginal)
SS >5 Not visible Not visible Not visible
These predictions assume that own ship antenna height is 15 m and target height is 1 m. The target
RCS is 1m2 at X-band and 0.1m2 at S-band. The predictions were calculated at a range where
multi-path signals enhance the target visibility. Similar small targets at different ranges may not be
visible. The pitch and roll of own ship or heeling of the target will reduce average target visibility.
Other antenna height, target size / height may result in different visibility.
13.3.5 Other Factors Compromising Performance
Environmental factors that affect target detection have already been explained however the radar
installation itself will also impact radar performance:
• The antenna height (higher for a good range, lower for better performance in clutter);
• A longer antenna (for a given frequency) has a higher gain (better long range detection) and
narrower beam-width (higher bearing resolution);
• A clear field of view for the antenna, free of obstruction and reflecting surfaces within the
186 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

antenna beam;
• A long transmission line (coaxial cable) will attenuate the transmission and received signal,
thereby reducing target detection range;
• Moisture in the antenna or the transmission line will reduce detection performance;
• Up-mast radar sensors are more efficient, as these have no high frequency transmission lines;
• A clean antenna radiation surface is essential and an antenna mounted near an exhaust
funnel will soon be coated in dust and grime which will attenuate radar signals;
IMO have produced Installation Guidelines for Marine Radar. The radar installation should comply
with these guidelines (ref - SN.1/Circ.271: 2008, IMO Guidelines for the Installation of Shipborne
Radar).
13.3.6 Standard Signal Filtering Functionality
1. Raw signal
2. The following picture shows applications of filters. Gain threshold, linear sea clutter filter and
rain clutter filter
HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 187 / 190

3. On the output, the format is packed to only represent echoes that passed all filters.
4. Sweep to sweep correlation result is shown below (echoes having no neighbors are removed):
5. Connected areas (echoes) are detected and their world coordinates are calculated.
6. Search for corresponding target tracking:
1) Provide several steps with increasing the search areas to first find the associations for stable
slow targets.
2) Try to associate the maneuvering and high speed targets.
3) Recalculate tracking parameters using least square approach.
4) Deliver requested tracked targets to radar clients.
188 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

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OPERATION MANUAL

Radio Detection and Ranging

Beijing Highlander Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

For service, please contact:

Service Hotline broad: +86 513 80582906

Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China 226017

Copyright: © Highlander. All rights reserved.

subject to change without notice.

2 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

4 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 5 / 190

6 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 7 / 190

Table 2 Display features................................................................................................................ 154

Table 3 Input / Output Interface................................................................................................... 154

Table 5 AIS..................................................................................................................................... 155

Table 6 Maps................................................................................................................................. 155

Table 7 Radar scanners..................................................................................................................155

Table 8 Typical attenuation and backscatter in rain conditions....................................................183

Table 9 Range of target first detected (clutter-free conditions)................................................... 183

Table 10 Direction prediction in sea clutter conditions: X-band...................................................185

Table 11 Direction prediction in sea clutter conditions: S-band...................................................185

8 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Figure 2 PPI with the rings OFF....................................................................................................... 61

Figure 3 Heading Up view............................................................................................................... 64

Figure 4 North Up view................................................................................................................... 65

Figure 5 Course Up view................................................................................................................. 66

Figure 6 Trail Up view...................................................................................................................... 67

Figure 7 Relative Motion mode.......................................................................................................68

Figure 8 True Motion mode............................................................................................................ 69

Figure 10 Off center &Max view..................................................................................................... 73

Figure 11 Own ship sensor data......................................................................................................74

Figure 13 Radar beacon in the PPI.................................................................................................. 79

Figure 14 Blind sectors.................................................................................................................... 81

Figure 15 Blank sector.....................................................................................................................83

Figure 16 Optimize tune..................................................................................................................89

Figure 17 Performance monitor operation result of Aidos.............................................................90

Figure 18 Performance monitor operation result of Sperry........................................................... 91

Figure 19 Acquisition zone edit mode............................................................................................ 94

Figure 20 Chart is ON...................................................................................................................... 96

Figure 21 Cell information displayed by default............................................................................. 98

HLD1800CZ Rev1.6 9 / 190

Figure 22 Chart management window......................................................................................... 101

Figure 23 Show User Permit..........................................................................................................103

Figure 24 The certificate page.......................................................................................................103

Figure 25 Certificate selection...................................................................................................... 104

Figure 26 Information of update...................................................................................................107

Figure 27 Own ship report............................................................................................................ 108

Figure 28 Test Mode......................................................................................................................109

Figure 29 Bearing is ON.................................................................................................................141

Figure 30 Default Pls..................................................................................................................... 141

Figure 31 Beam range is ON..........................................................................................................142

Figure 32 Select icon dialog.......................................................................................................... 145

Figure 33 System page.................................................................................................................. 172

10 / 190 HLD1800CZ Rev1.6

Copyright: © Highlander. All rights reserved.

About This Manual

in the installation manual.

The manual contains drawings, schemes, and screenshots.