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Lecture 3 - Number System

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11 views23 pages

Lecture 3 - Number System

swe lec of iut4

Uploaded by

atikshahriar16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Number System

SWE 4101
Introduction to Software Engineering

Tanjila Alam Sathi


Lecturer,
Department of CSE,
Islamic University of Technology (IUT)
O u tl i n e
2

⚫ Non-positional number system.


⚫ Positional number system.
⚫ Decimal number system.
⚫ Binary number system.
⚫ Octal number system.
⚫ Hexadecimal number system.
Number System
3

⚫ Two types of number system


 Non-positional number system.

 Positional number system.


Non-p o s i t i o n a l N u m b e r S y s t e m
4

⚫ Characteristics
 Each symbol represents the same value regardless of its
positions in the number.
 Symbols are just added to determine a particular number.

 Example: Roman Number System.

I 1
II 2
V 5
VI 6
X 10

 Difficulty in Arithmetic operations.


Positional Number System
5

⚫ Characteristics
 Symbols are less, called digits.

 Digits have different values depending on the position in the


number.
 Example: Decimal Number System.
Positional Number System
6

⚫ The value of each digit depends on:


 Digit itself (face value).

 Position in the number.

 Base of the number system.

⚫ Value of a number = ∑ value o f tℎe digit ∗ base index -1


[index is the position of the digit]
⚫ Base – Total number of different digits in the
number system.
 For any number system maximum value of the of a single digits always
equal to one less than the base.
Decimal Number System
7

⚫ Positional number system.


⚫ Digits – 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
⚫ Example:
432110 = 1 ∗ 100 + 2 ∗ 101 + 3 ∗ 102 + 4 ∗ 103
= 1 + 20 + 300 + 4000
Binary Number System
8

⚫ Positional number system.


⚫ Digits – 0,1.
⚫ Example:
10102 = 0 ∗ 20 + 1 ∗ 21 + 0 ∗ 22 + 1 ∗ 23
= 0+ 2+ 0+ 8
Octal Number System
9

⚫ Positional number system.


⚫ Digits – 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
⚫ Example:
76548 = 4 ∗ 80 + 5 ∗ 81 + 6 ∗ 82 + 7 ∗ 83
= 4 + 40 + 384 + 3584
= 4012
Hexadecimal Number System
10

⚫ Positional number system.


⚫ Digits – 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
⚫ Example:
ABCD8 = 13 ∗ 160 + 12 ∗ 161 +11 ∗ 162 + 10 ∗ 163
= 13 + 192 + 2816 + 40960
= 43981
C o n v e r t i n g A n y B a s e To D e c i m a l
11

⚫ Step 1: Determine the positional value of each digit


⚫ Step 2: Multiply the decimal value of the digit with
the positional value.
⚫ Step 3: Summation of these products is the result.
C o n v e r t i n g D e c i m a l Val ue To A n y B ase
12

Division-Remainder method

⚫ Step 1: Divide the decimal value with the base.


⚫ Step 2: Record the remainder from the step 1 as the
right most digit (least significant digit).
⚫ Step 3: Go to step 1 with the quotient as the new
decimal value until the quotient is 0.
C o n v e r t i n g D e c i m a l Value To B i n a r y
13

(25) 10 = (11001)2
Fractional Number
14

⚫ The positional value of the digit of a number after


fractional point is
X = base - position
[Position is counted from the fraction point]
Fractional Number
15

⚫ Decimal from octal number


Fractional Number
16

Decimal to any base

⚫ Step 1: Multiply the fractional number with the Base.


⚫ Step 2: Record the non-fractional part of the resulting
number from leftmost digit after fractional point.
⚫ Step 3: Go to step 1 with the fractional part of the
resulting number (stop if the fractional part is 0 or if
significant number of digits are calculated).
Fractional Number
17

Convert 0.865 from Base 10 to Base 2,8 and 16.


Conversion a m o n g t w o b a s e s
18

⚫ Step 1: Convert the number from “From Base” to


base 10.
⚫ Step 2: Convert the number in base 10 to “To Base”
number.
Shortcut method (Binary t o Octal)
19
Shortcut method (Octal t o Binary)
20
Shortcut method (Binary to Hexadecimal)
21
Shortcut method (Hexadecimal t o Binary)
22
Equivalent Chart
23

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