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    Lab 4

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    raedaasherif

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    Lab 4

    Uploaded by

    raedaasherif
    3 views14 pages

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    Lab4

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    3 views14 pages

    Lab 4

    Uploaded by

    raedaasherif

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    COMPUTER NETWORKS

    SUBNETS

    LAB 4
    WHAT IS A SUBNET?

    ¡ Subnets are a subset of the entire network


    l Networks can be divided into subnets
    l Subnets can be divided into subnets

    ¡ Each subnet is treated as a separate network


    l A subnet can be a WAN or LAN
    WHAT IS A SUBNET?
    ¡ Subnets are needed to divide a network
    IP ADDRESSES

    • The IP Address is 32 bits, divided into 4 octets, each octet is 8 bits


    IP ADDRESSES

    • The IP address is always acompanyed with a subnet mask. The subnet mask allows you to know
    the netwoek ID and host ID
    IP ADDRESSES

    • As a refrence these are the IP Addresses classes


    SUBNET ADDRESSES

    ¡ Typical (classed) IP addresses (e.g. 137.207.32.2) have two


    parts:
    l A network ID (e.g. 137.207.0.0)
    l A host ID (e.g. 137.207.32.2)

    ¡ A subnetted network will divide the IP address differently


    l Part of the host ID will be used to specify the subnet number
    l The network ID and subnet portion of the host ID can be considered
    the subnet ID
    ROUTING WITH SUBNETS

    l Subnetting is transparent outside an organization


    l e.g. If subnetting is used in the
    •University, routers outside the
    •University will not consider subnetting at all
    l Thus, subnetting is only relevant within an organization

    l When a packet enters a network with subnetting, the routers will behave differently
    l A route may use the subnet ID (network portion + subnet portion, followed by zeroes) to determine
    which route to take
    CALCULATING SUBNET IDS

    ¡ Calculating the subnet ID is very much the same process as calculating a network

    ¡ ID (net ID)
    ¡ The difference is that typically net IDs are calculated using one of the three standard subnet masks:

    ¡ 255.0.0.0 (Class A)
    ¡ 255.255.0.0 (Class B)
    ¡ 255.255.255.0 (Class C)

    ¡ A subnet ID is calculated using a non-standard subnet mask


    CALCULATING SUBNET IDS

    ¡ As an example if you have a network ID = 137.207.0.0


    ¡ Network subnet mask is 255.255.0.0
    ¡ This could also be represented with a / (n) after the IP
    CALCULATING SUBNET IDS

    ¡ For This network 137.207.0.0 , if it needs to be divided into 6


    subnets.
    ¡ First question is: how many bits needed to represent the 6
    subnets.
    ¡ You need 3 bits to represet the 6 subnets

    ¡ In this case you take 3 bits from the host ip to reprent the
    subnets
    ¡ You start taking these bits from most significant bits (from right to
    left)
    CALCULATING SUBNET IDS

    ¡ IP addresses: 137.207.0.0) have two parts:


    • 137.207.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
    • These bits will be the subnets as follows:
    1. 137.207.00100000.00000000 --> Subnet Mask 255.255.224.0
    2. 137.207.01000000.00000000 --> Subnet Mask 255.255.224.0
    3. 137.207.01100000.00000000 --> Subnet Mask 255.255.224.0
    4. 137.207.10000000.00000000 --> Subnet Mask 255.255.224.0
    5. 137.207.10100000.00000000 --> Subnet Mask 255.255.224.0
    6. 137.207.11000000.00000000 --> Subnet Mask 255.255.224.0
    CALCULATING SUBNET IDS
    ¡ For each subnet you can calculate the hosts IPs:
    • Lets take the first Subnet 137.207.00100000.00000000 = 137.207.32.0/19
    1. The network IP 137.207.00100000.00000000 = 137.207.32.0/19
    2. The first IP should be as 137.207.00100000.00000001 = 137.207.32.1/19
    3. The last IP Should be as 137.207.00111111.11111110 = 137.207.63.254/19
    4. The local Broadcast IP Should be as 137.207.00111111.11111111 = 137.207.63.255/19
    ASSIGNMENT
    ¡ For This network 141.20.0.0/16 – Mask: 255.255.0.0 , if it
    needs to be divided into 9 subnets.
    ¡ How many bits needed to represent the 9 subnets.
    ¡ What are the Subnet IDs for the 9 subnets?
    ¡ What is the First IP and Last IP for each subnet?

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