APP1

JUPITER PUBLIC SCHOOL
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Submitted To :
SUBMITTED BY :Aarosi Dehury
CLASS : :XII
ROLL NO :23BP001
SESSION :2023 / 2024
SCHOOL :Jupiter Public School
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INDEX
 CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVE
 APPARATUSREQUIRED
 THEORY
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that the Physics Project Titled

“To investigate the dependence of the angle of
deviation on the angle of incidence using a
hollow prism filled by one by one, with different
transparent fluid” has been. Successfully
Completed by of Class XII in Partial fulfillment of
Curriculum of Central Board of Secondary Education
(CBSE) Leading to the Award of Annual Examination
of the Year 2024.
EXTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER-INCHARGE
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude
toward’s our Physics teacher Abishek patra for his
guidance, support and encouragement throughout the
duration of the project. Without his motivation and help the
successful completion of this project would not have been
possible.
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AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To investigate the dependence of the angle
of deviation on the angle of incidence using
a hollow prism filled by one by one , with
different transparent fluid.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide,
benzaldehyde etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing boards
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A prism is a transparent optical element with flat.
Polished surface that refract light. Prisms can be
made from any material that is transparent
including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break
light up into its
constituent
spectral
colours. Prisms
can also be
used to reflect
light, or to split
light into
components
with different
polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid.

Is given by the formula :
U= sini /sinr= sin ( (a+d)/2)/sin(a/2) )
Where,
U= refractive index of the liquid.
a=the angle of minimum deviation
d= angle of prism
i= angle of incidence
r= angle of refraction
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 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing
board with help of drawing pins.
 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as

ABC.
 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with

the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they
appear to be in the straight line.
 Place the prism filled with given sample of

liquid on the marked outline ABC.
 Now take the pins and place them on the side

AC so that all the 4 pins appear to be in the
same line.
 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the

points so obtained.
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 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
 Repeat this with different liquids and different

angle of incidence.
 Benzaldehyde
S.no i ͦ(angle of incidence) d ͦ(angle of deviation)
a ͦ(angle of prism)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
U= sin((60=40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504
 Water
S.no a ͦ(angle of prism) i ͦ(angle of incidence) d ͦ(angle of deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
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3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28
U= sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
 Dil.Sulphuric acid
S.no a ͦ(angle of prism) i ͦ(angle of incidence) d ͦ(angle of deviation)
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
U= sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
=1.351
Refractive indices at room temperature
 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
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o Experimental: 1.504
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
 Dil.Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
 Angle of incidence should lie between

35-60 degree.
 Pins should be vertically fixed and

should lie in same line.
 Distance between two points should

not be less than 10mm.
 Same angle of prism should be used

for all observation.
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 Arrow head should be marked to
represent emergent and incident ray.
Illustrative Oxford Book

Wikipedia Reference articles
NCERT Practical Book
Introduction to Physical Science
https://www.google.com.in
http://www.en.wikipedia.org
NCERT Physics Textbook
Class 12 Lab Manual – Physics.
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JUPITER PUBLIC SCHOOL

SUBMITTED BY :Aarosi Dehury

SESSION :2023 / 2024

SCHOOL :Jupiter Public School

This is to Certify that the Physics Project Titled

EXTERNAL EXAMINER TEACHER-INCHARGE

It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude

toward’s our Physics teacher Abishek patra for his

guidance, support and encouragement throughout the

duration of the project. Without his motivation and help the

successful completion of this project would not have been

The refractive index of the liquid.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with

 Place the prism filled with given sample of

 Now take the pins and place them on the side

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the

 Repeat this with different liquids and different

Refractive indices at room temperature

 Angle of incidence should lie between

 Pins should be vertically fixed and

 Distance between two points should

 Same angle of prism should be used

Illustrative Oxford Book

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