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ARDUINO
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Arcluino
Aboutfre Tutoial based on an easy-to-use hardware
and
platform (open-source) (referred to as
Arduinois a prototype a circuit board, which can be programed
software. It consists of ready-made software called Arduino IDE (Integrated
a
a microcontroller) and which is used to write and upload the computer
code to the
DevelopmentEnvironment),
physical board.
the micro-controller
provides a standard form factor that breaks the functions of
Arduino
into a more accessible package.
Audience
or hobbyists. With Arduino, one can get
This tutorial is intended for enthusiastic students very quickly and can start building
to know the basics of micro-controllersand sensors
prototype with very little investment.
Before you start proceedingwith this tutorial, we assume that you are already familiar
with the basics of C and C++. If you are not well aware of these concepts, then we will
suggest you go through our short tutorials on C and C++. A basic understanding of
microcontrollersand electronics is also expected.
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We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as
possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt.
Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our
website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or
in this tutorial, please notify us at
[email protected] tutorialspoint
Arduino
Tableof
About the Tutorial ...........
Audience...
Prerequisites.........................
Copyright & Disclaimer......
Table of Contents ..... . ii
ARDUINO- BASICS
L. Arduino —Overview
v.B6å7d Types ........
rduino —Board Description
uino —Installation
rduino —Program Structure 17
duino —Data Types 19
void...................... .19
Boolean........................................ 19
Char .................. ................... 20
unsigned char .................... ............. .21
byte..... .21
int 21
Unsigned int ....... ... 21
Word............. . ... ... .. .. 21
Long.................. . ..... 22
...... . .................. 22
unsigned long .... .. .....
.. 22
short ..........
float ..
............. 22
.23
.w —uino —Variables & Constants
24
.................................24
What is Variable Scope? .........
26
7k-—AfÖuino—Operators
26
Arithmetic Operators..........
• ..... ........ 27
Comparison Operators .....................„.
Boolean Operators ..........................„
.................. 29
.......... 30
Bitwise Operators........................„••••
• ....... 31
Compound Operators.............
duino —Control Statements
33
34
if'tatement
If ...else statement 35
if,.else if ...else statement. ........ 37
Switch Case Statement ..... 39
Conditional Operator ? : 41
Rules of Conditional Operator
41
rduino —Loops 42
ij
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Arduino
... 42
while loop ....
do...while loop
for loop ....
Nested Loop
. 45
Infinite loop
Arduino - Functions
48
Function Declaration ..
. Arduino —Strings
51
String Character Arrays..............
• 52
Manipulating String
Functions to Manipulate String Arrays ......
Array Bounds ..................
59
Arduino —String Object
59
What is an Object? .....
When to Use a String Object ...........
62
13. Arduino —Time
.62
delay() function ........................
63
delayMicroseconds() function ........
.63
millis() function..................
... ... 64
micros() function
66
4. Arduino —Arrays
Declaring Arrays .........
Examples Using Arrays ..............
70
Arduino —Passing Arrays to Functions ... ..... •
... 73
Multidimensional Arrays ..........
78
ARDUINO - FUNCTION LIBRARIES
79
5. Arduino —I/O Functions
.. ..... ..... ..... .... 79
Pins Configured as INPUT ........
.. 79
Pull-up Resistors
• •• .. ............ 80
Pins Configured as OUTPUT...........................„
. 80
pinMode() Function
• ........... 81
digitalWrite() Function
analogRead( ) function
84
16 duino —Advanced I/O Function ... ........... 84
•
analogReference() Function
86
Functions
17. Arduino —Character .87
Examples.....
93
Arduino —Math Library . ...93
Library Macros............„•••••••••••• .... ............... 95
Library Functions . 99
Example
101
Functions
19. rduino —Trigonometric
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Arduino
Af6UIN0 —ADVANCED 102
20. Arduino —Due & Zero 103
Arduino Zero . 104
Arduino —Pulse Width Modulation ..............106
Basic Principle of PWM .106
analogWrite() Function............... 107
22. Arduino —Random Numbers .. 109
randomSeed (seed) .. 109
random( ) 109
Bits ...... .......... 110
Bytes . ..... ................ 110
23, Arduino —Interrupts 112
Types Of .. .. ........... ...... 113
24. Arduino —Communication 115
Parallel Communication ... .... ......................115
Serial Communication Modules ................... . 115
Typesof Serial Communications ............ 116
Arduino UART .......................... . 117
rduino —Inter Integrated Circuit .... 119
Board 12C Pins............... . 119
Arduino 12C.................. .. . 119
Master Transmitter / Slave Receiver ............... . ... . .........l........
120
Master Receiver / Slave Transmitter .................. .. . 121
26. Arduino —Serial Peripheral Interface .. 123
Board SPI Pins ............ . .. 123
SPI as MASTER ........................ .. . .........................124
SPI as SLAVE.......... . 125
ARDUINO- PROJECTS 127
27. Arduino —Blinking LED 128
28. Arduino - Fading LED 132
29. Arduino —Reading Analog Voltage 137
30. Arduino —LED Bar Graph 141
31. Arduino —Keyboard Logout 145
32. Arduino —Keyboard Message 151
33. Arduino —Mouse Button Control
34. Arduino —Keyboard Serial 158
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Arduino
ARDUINO —SENSORS
11
—Humidity Sensor
•-3<Arduino —Temperature Sensor
37. Arduino —Water Detector / Sensor
\--3CArduino —PIR Sensor
NKArduino —Ultrasonic Sensor
40. Arduino —Connecting Switch 13
ARDUINO —MOTOR CONTROL
41. Arduino - DC Motor
Motor Speed Control ........... 190
Spin Direction Control Id2
42. Arduino Servo Motor 196
Arduino —Stepper Motor 201
ARDUINO AND SOUND
44. Arduino —Tone Library
206
. Arduino —Wireless Communication
212
46. Arduino —Network Communication
217
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