UNIT 1 – A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE

PRACTICE 3. CONSOLIDATION
PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. nutrient B. immune C. natural D. attribute
2. A. expectancy B. experience C. expensive D. expectation
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
3. A. cholesterol B. remedial C. expectancy D. meditation
4. A. immune B. ageing C. relieve D. massage
5. A. acupuncture B. bacteria C. medicinal D. remedial
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
6. The Real Life Super Hero Project is a gathering of men and women who ____ forces to better their
community.
A. have joined B. are joining C. will join D. are joined
7. Tan ____ the idea of giving sweaters and warm clothes to the poor just a couple of weeks ago, shortly after
the beginning of the rainy season.
A. came up with B. comes up with C. has come up with D. was coming up with
8. In the past, health care in some rural areas of this country ____ by only a small number of doctors and
nurses.
A. is provided B. provided C. provides D. was provided
9. Never ____ more people ____ in charity work than now.
A. do/participate B. did/participate C. have/participated D. had/participated
10. Neither Phillips nor his brothers ____ to school because their father teaches them at home.
A. have never been B. has ever been C. have ever been D. ever went
11. Yoga involves breathing exercises, stretching and ____.
A. meditate B. meditation C. meditated D. meditative
12. Cycling makes you fitter and gives you a better life ____.
A. expectation B. expecting C. expectancy D. expectant
13. My brother is now in hospital, ____ treatment of his upset stomach.
A. in B. under C. on D. over
14. After suffering an injury during the match against Federer, Nadal has required surgery ____ his right knee.
A. on B. at C. to D. in
15. Remember that even simple ____ changes can boost our immune system.
A. diet B. dietary C. dieting D. diets
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
16. In the 1960s, the World Health Organization (WHO) began a campaign to eradicate the mosquitoes that
transmit the disease malaria.
A. minimize B. develop C. eliminate D. appreciate
17. Denise has been burning the midnight oil trying to finish this prjoject about community health, so I reckon
she is exhausted now.
A. making every attempt possible B. exercising regularly to keep fit
C. staying up working late at night D. having lots of food late at night
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
18. After hundreds of rejections by the employers, I decided that I need to do something about my obesity.

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A. denial B. approval C. refusal D. rebuttal
19. The year-end party was out of this world. We had never tasted such delicious food.
A. enormous B. terrific C. strange D. awful
READING
VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Recent studies have shown that more and more students are choosing unhealthy ways to boost
energy. The two main ways (20) ____ are eating snacks high in sugar and drinking beverages high in caffeine.
In fact, research shows these two choices may result in the opposite effects as those desired.
Eating a sweet snack, like a candy bar, does not provide the body more energy. Most candy bars have
little (21) ____ value; however, their high sugar content can create a full feeling in the consumer. While the
sugar may produce an initial boost in energy, the lack of nutritional value soon (22) ____ the body feeling
fatigued. In effect, eating a sweet snack will have the opposite effect to what most people expect.
Likewise, many people will drink a caffeinated beverage like coffee or cola to give themselves more
energy. To a certain extent, drinking coffee or cola will give a person some energy. The caffeine can increase
the heart rate and blood flow, (23) ____ producing a feeling of increased energy. Unfortunately, caffeine
products are often consumed in excessive quantities or at unwise times. This, (24) ____, can interfere with
normal sleep patterns and also lead to fatigue. In the end, caffeine drinkers often lose valuable hours of sleep
and become even more tired during the day.
20. A. choosing B. chosen C. which choose D. having chosen
21. A. nutrient B. nutrition C. nutritious D. nutritional
22. A. gets B. makes C. leaves D. lets
23. A. then B. therefore C. thus D. and
24. A. in sum B. at odds C. in turn D. at risk
VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Highest Life Expectancy in The World
Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead active lives past
the age of 100. The longest living women were found in Okinawa, Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in
the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men reach the age of 100 at an amazing rate, another was (25)
______ on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007. The final blue zone was found on an expedition to the
island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer, and (26) _______
zero dementia - loss of memory. What's their secret formula for (27) _____ another 10 healthy years?
Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to have
good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (28) ____, they concluded the other
70% can be up to us. Other traits the people living in the blue zones have in common include less stress and
more (29)______ , strong emphasis on family, a fresh natural plant based, diet, very little red meat and daily
exercise.
25. A. got B. discovered C. come D. become
26. A. almost B. quite C. hardly D. about
27. A. making B. adding C. bringing D. supplying
28. A. remedy B. behaviour C. lifestyle D. medicine
29. A. sociable B. social C. society D. socializing
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
In 1960, Americans spent 10% of their healthcare dollar on medicines. Most of the money came from
their own pockets, and was spent on drugs that largely treated infections heart disease, arthritis and
depression. Beyond that, there was little that science could offer. Today, the range of diseases for which

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medical research has some partial treatment is vast. Despite this, and the double digit increase in drug
spending - 75%-90% of which is paid for by insurance companies - prescription drugs now account for 9% of
total health expenditures.
Similarly, claims by insurers and corporations - that drug costs are driving insurance costs up in general
- are overstated. According to health analyst J.D. Kleinke, since pharmacy costs represent only 9% of all
spending, even increases of 20% could not be responsible for insurance premium increases of 10%-15% over
the last two years: Premiums have been increasing far out of proportion to increasing total medical costs over
the past three years.
The fact is we should spend more on newer, more expensive medicines because they are worth the
investment. Medical innovation creates what Harvard economist David Cutler calls health capital — the ability
of people to stay well early and consistently throughout their lives, and remain that way at an increasingly
older age. In fact, under the most conservative assumption, the U.S would have needed only about 30% of the
improvement in medical progress over the period in time. In the case of congestive heart failure, Mr. Cutler
found that increased consumption of new and more expensive drugs and other innovative technologies
generated longer life, more productivity and lower health costs that offset the cost of their development and
consumption.
30. What has changed the least since 1960?
A. Percentage of money Americans pay for medicines out of their own pockets.
B. The variety of drugs available.
C. Percentage of healthcare dollar on medicines.
D. The amount of money spent on drugs by insurance companies.
31. Claims by insurers and corporations that drug costs are driving insurance costs are overstated because
____.
A. drug costs have not increased in the past
B. insurance costs have not increased in the past
C. premiums have increased by more than 20% in the last two years
D. premiums have increased much more than have total medical costs in the past three years
32. The way to invest in health capital is to ____.
A. adopt a healthy lifestyle
B. spend around 10% of the healthcare money on medicines
C. spend money on medicines that the latest medical science can offer
D. spend more money on medical care in spite of higher health costs
33. The cost of congestive heart failure illustrates that ____.
A. health capital is no guarantee for a better life
B. using newer drugs may prove too expensive for many people
C. using newer drugs contributes to a better life
D. it is difficult to make people spend more on medicines
34. The main idea of the passage is that ____.
A. people should spend more money on good medicines
B. people should get insurers to pay for their medicines
C. people are reluctant to pay a lot of money on medicines
D. medical technologies make most diseases curable
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
THE AGE OF ADULTHOOD
In the United States, 16, 18, and 21 are significant ages in a person's life. A person can do new things at
each age to show that he or she is no longer a child. These are all part of the transition to adulthood.

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 After turning 16 in the United States, a person can be employed, get a driver's license, and leave home.
Many high school students learn to drive and get part-time jobs soon after celebrating their 16th birthday. At
18, people in the United States can vote in government 10 elections and join the military, but they are
prohibited from going into nightclubs, buying alcohol like beer or wine, or gambling until they are 21.
In many Latin American countries, a young woman's 15th birthday is 'important. At this age, she is no
longer considered to be a girl, but a woman. To mark this special day, families with 15-year-old daughters have
a celebration called a quinceanera. The day begins with the young woman and her family going to church.
Later, there is a party to which many guests are invited.
In many countries, celebrations do not stop at adulthood. People like to celebrate what they consider to
be important ages such as their 50th or 60th birthdays, or significant events such as the birth of their first child,
or their retirement.
35. The main idea of the passage is _____________________.
A. being a young person in Latin America is easier than in Japan or the U.S.
B. there are special ages and celebrations around the world that show a person is becoming an adult
C. the age of adulthood is too young in some places but too old in others
D. the birth of their first child is the most important event.
36. Americans are NOT allowed to _____________________ when they turn 18.
A. buy alcohol. B. join the military C. drive D. get part-time jobs
37. The word "prohibited" in the paragraph 2 is CLOSEST in meaning to _____________________.
A. allowed B. banned C. protected D. encouraged
38. According to the passage, which of the following shows you are becoming an adult?
A. throwing a party B. celebrating your birthday
C. voting in an election D. listening to speeches
39. The word "quinceanera" in the paragraph 3 is CLOSEST in meaning to _____________________.
A. family reunion B. festival C. a religious ceremony D. meeting
WRITING
X. Combine each pair of sentences in the following questions, using the given words.
40. They finished one project. They started working on the next. (HARDLY)
→ ___________________________________________________________________________________
Hardly had they finished one project when they started working on the next.
41. A Vietnamese ex-student of Oxford University has established a foundation. This aims to construct bridges
to facilitate travel in isolated communities. (TO)
→ ___________________________________________________________________________________
A Vietnamese ex-student of Oxford University has established a foundation to construct bridges to facilitate
travel in isolated communities.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
42. They wanted to provide clarity and publicity. Therefore, they listed all donors' names along with their
amount of contribution and their photos. (BY)
→ ___________________________________________________________________________________
They provided clarity and publicity by listing all donors's names along with their amount of contribution and their
photos.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
43. A man in Quang Nam has launched a solo effort to fundraise for a young girl. Her parents died in a tragic
waterway accident. (WHOSE)
A man in Quang Nam has launched a solo effort to fundraise for a young girl whose parents died in a tragic
→ __________________________________________________________________________________
waterway accident.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
44. Niggli first visited Viet Nam in 1999. He has been a generous sponsor of underprivileged Vietnamese
children since then. (VISIT)
Niggli has been a generous sponsor of underprivileged Vietnamese children since his first visit to Viet Nam in
→ __________________________________________________________________________________
1999.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

XI. Use the words or phrases given to write a short message.

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Dear Sir,
45. I / happy / receive / your invitation / Christmas party / December 24th / 7.00 pm
I am happy to receive your invitation to the Christmas party on December 24th at 7.00 pm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
46. I / glad / inform you /I / delighted / join / party / specified time
I am glad to inform you that I am delighted to join the party at the specified time.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
47. I / make sure /I / present there / scheduled date / time
I will make sure that I am present there on the scheduled date and time.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
48. I / look forward / enjoyable evening / our old friends
_____________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to an enjoyable evening with our old friends.
49. Merry Christmas / best wishes / you / your family
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Merry Christmas and best wishes to you and your family Nick
Nick
XII. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the given words.
50. My sister started driving 4 months ago (HAS).
My sister has driven for 4 months.
 __________________________________________________________________________________
51. Tim told Martin: “You ought to see a doctor.” (ADVISED)
 __________________________________________________________________________________
Tim advised Martin to see a doctor.
52. You want to suggest that someone ought to take part in the speaking English club with you. (ABOUT)
How about taking part in the speaking English club with me?
 __________________________________________________________________________________
53. You want to accept an invitation to your friend's wedding party. (PLEASED)
 __________________________________________________________________________________
I'm pleased to accept your invitation to your wedding party.
54. My father said that I could use his car. (ALLOWED)
 __________________________________________________________________________________
My father allowed me to use his car.
XIII. Use the words or phrases given to write meaningful sentences.
How You Can Keep Your Teeth Healthy
55. you / brush / teeth / at least twice / breakfast / and / bedtime
 __________________________________________________________________________________
You should brush your teeth at least twice, after breakfast and before bedtime.
56. all / teeth / brushed / not only / front ones / but / the sides / in the back
 __________________________________________________________________________________
All of your teeth are brushed, not only the front ones but also the sides and in the back.
57. the dentist / your parents / show you / best way / get your teeth / clean / damaging/ your gums
 __________________________________________________________________________________
The dentist or your parents can show you the best way to get your teeth clean without damaging your gums.
58. make sure / your toothbrush / soft bristles / and some toothbrushes / come / bristles / that change /
colour / when / it / time/ change them
 __________________________________________________________________________________
Make sure that your toothbrush has soft bristles, and some toothbrushes come with bristles that change colour
when it is time to change them.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
59. you also / need / be careful / what / you / eat and drink / eat / lots / fruits / vegetables / drink water /
instead / soda
 __________________________________________________________________________________
You also need to be careful about what you eat and drink: eat lots of fruits and vegetables and drink water
instead of soda.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
CONVERSATION
XIV. Giving the instructions for doing squat by putting the cues in the correct order and using the words of
sequence: first, to begin with, next, then, after that, finally. Then report it to your partner. The first one has
been done for you.
Squat
__0__ First, stand tall, with your back straight, feet a little more than hip-width apart and in a straight line.
2 a. Lower your body weight on your heels. Go down until your hips are lower than your knees.
______

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 3 b. Breathe in and go down to the squat position, and try to do 3 sets of 30 squats.
______
______ 1 c. Look straight ahead; keep your back straight; breathe in and start bending your knees.
______
5 d. Breathe out and start getting back up until your legs straight.
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______ e. Keep your arms in front of you and look straight. Hold this pose for 3 seconds.
60. To begin with, ______________________________________________________________________
Look straight ahead; keep your back straight; breathe in and start bending your knees.
61. __________________________________________________________________________________
Next. Lower your body weight on your heels. Go down until your hips are lower than your knees.
62. __________________________________________________________________________________
Then. Breathe in and go down to the squat position, and try to do 3 sets of 30 squats.
After thatKeep your arms in front of you and look straight. Hold this pose for 3 seconds.
63. __________________________________________________________________________________
64. __________________________________________________________________________________
FinallyBreathe out and start getting back up until your legs straight.

XV. Choose the correct response. Then practice the short exchanges in pairs.
65. A: Why should we brush our teeth at least twice a B: a/ To remove dental diseases.
day? b/ To prevent plaque on your teeth.

66. A: What’s wrong with toothpicks? B: a/ They remove particles from your teeth.
b/ They can damage your teeth at the base.

67. A: Can you see any benefits of regular exercise? B: a/ It helps to reduce cholesterol level.
b/ You just have a 30-minute walk a day.

68. A: What kind of food should I have more? B: a/ More fruit and vegetables, less sugar, salt.
b/ More all the nutrients you can get.

69. A: How can I stay optimistic and happy? B: a/ Be careful about your heart and brain.
b/ Control your anger and do yoga.

70. A: Each food item has a nutrition label! B: a/ It tells you what’s inside the food.
b/ It’s only for the advertisers.

B: a/ It becomes worse because of ageing.

71. A: How can we refresh our mind? b/ You should rest and read a book.

B: a/ It’s good for our immune system.

72. A: I can’t see any benefits of healthy lifestyle to b/ Anything is good for our immune system.
our health.
B: a/ It’s a good choice for minor illnesses.
73. A: Can we use natural remedy? b/ You can use them to boost your beauty.

B: a/ You can do it or drink a cup of coffee.

74. A: Should I drink a glass of hot milk before b/ Many people do so, but we’re not sure.
bedtime?

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