CNN ARCHITECTURES FOR SCLEROSIS DETECTION IN

MRI DATA USING DEEP LEARNING

1. Abstract:

This study investigates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures for

the detection of sclerosis in MRI data using deep learning techniques, with a
focus on implementation in Tensor Flow. Sclerosis detection in MRI is crucial
for early diagnosis and treatment planning in neurological disorders such as
multiple sclerosis. We propose and evaluate several CNN architectures tailored
for this task, leveraging the rich spatial information inherent in MRI scans. Our
architectures incorporate convolutional layers for feature extraction, pooling
layers for spatial reduction, and fully connected layers for classification. We
also explore the integration of attention mechanisms to enhance model
performance by focusing on relevant regions. Additionally, we investigate the
benefits of deep learning from trained models to expedite training and improve
generalization performance. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation
on benchmark datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed
architectures in accurately detecting sclerosis in MRI data. Our implementations
in Tensor Flow offer scalable and efficient solutions, paving the way for
automated sclerosis detection systems integrated into clinical workflows for
improved patient care and outcomes.
EXISTING SYSTEM:

Postural instability is associated with disease status and fall risk in

Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). However, assessments of postural
instability, known as postural sway, leverage force platforms or wearable
accelerometers, and are most often conducted in laboratory environments and
are thus not broadly accessible. Remote measures of postural sway captured
during daily life may provide a more accessible alterative, but their ability to
capture disease status and fall risk has not yet been established. We explored the
utility of remote measures of postural sway in a sample of 33 PwMS. Remote
measures of sway differed significantly from lab-based measures, but still
demonstrated moderately strong associations with patient-reported measures of
balance and mobility impairment. Machine learning models for predicting fall
risk trained on lab data provided an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.79, while
remote data only achieved an AUC of 0.51. Remote model performance
improved to an AUC of 0.74 after a new, subject-specific k-means clustering
approach was applied for identifying the remote data most appropriate for
modelling. This cluster-based approach for analysing remote data also
strengthened associations with patient-reported measures, increasing their
strength above those observed in the lab. This work introduces a new
framework for analysing data from remote patient monitoring technologies and
demonstrates the promise of remote postural sway assessment for assessing fall
risk and characterizing balance impairment in PwMS(Pulse-width modulation using
Embedd).
DEMERITS:

 The current system relies on force platforms or wearable accelerometers

used in laboratory environments, making it less accessible for broader
use.
 Assessments of postural instability are typically conducted in controlled
lab settings, which may not accurately reflect real-life conditions and
daily activities of patients.

 Machine learning models based on lab data achieve an AUC of 0.79, but
remote data initially performed poorly with an AUC of 0.51.

 Improved performance of remote data analysis requires advanced cluster-

ing techniques (subject-specific k-means), indicating a complex and po-
tentially less intuitive data analysis process.

INTRODUCTION:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central
nervous system, particularly the brain and spinal cord, leading to a range of
neurological impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been widely
used to identify and track the progression of MS lesions, offering detailed views
of the brain's structural changes. Recent advancements in deep learning,
especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have shown promise in
automating the detection and classification of MS lesions from MRI data. These
CNN-based models provide accurate, efficient, and scalable solutions for
diagnosing multiple sclerosis, improving patient outcomes through early
detection and better treatment planning.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:

In our proposed system for sclerosis detection in MRI data, we envision

leveraging Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, implemented
with Tensor Flow, and deployed using Django. Our approach involves
designing a CNN model tailored to effectively extract intricate patterns
indicative of sclerosis from MRI images. The architecture would consist of
multiple convolutional layers for feature extraction, followed by pooling layers
to capture spatial information efficiently. Additionally, we would integrate skip
connections and residual blocks to facilitate the flow of information and
mitigate vanishing gradient issues. Deep learning from trained models like CNN
Architecture could be utilized to boost performance, leveraging knowledge from
large-scale datasets. The trained model would be seamlessly integrated into a
Django-based web application, providing a user-friendly interface for healthcare
professionals to upload MRI scans, obtain real-time predictions, and access
diagnostic insights. By combining the power of deep learning with the
scalability of Django, our system aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy
of sclerosis detection in MRI data, ultimately contributing to early diagnosis and
improved patient care.
ADVANTAGES:

 Utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to effectively extract intri-

cate patterns indicative of sclerosis from MRI images, improving diagnostic
accuracy.

 Deployed using Django, the system provides a scalable and user-friendly

web application that allows healthcare professionals to easily upload MRI
scans.
 The deep learning model leverages large-scale datasets, enhancing perfor-
mance and accuracy in detecting sclerosis.

 Incorporates multiple convolutional layers, pooling layers, and residual

blocks to improve feature extraction, and facilitate efficient information
flow.

 Improved accuracy level.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Review of Literature Survey

Title : Applications of Deep Learning Techniques for Automated Multiple

Sclerosis Detection Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

Author: Afshin Shoeibi 1, Marjane Khodatars , Mahboobeh Jafari , Parisa

Moridian , Mitra Rezaei,Roohallah Alizadehsani , Fahime Khozeimeh , Juan
Manuel Gorriz, Jónathan Heras , Maryam Panahiazar , Saeid Nahavandi , U.
Rajendra Acharya

Year : 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a type of brain disease which causes visual, sensory,
and motor problems for people with a detrimental effect on the functioning of
the nervous system. In order to diagnose MS, multiple screening methods have
been proposed so far; among them, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has
received considerable attention among physicians. MRI modalities provide
physicians with fundamental information about the structure and function of the
brain, which is crucial for the rapid diagnosis of MS lesions. Diagnosing MS
using MRI is time-consuming, tedious, and prone to manual errors. Research on
the implementation of computer aided diagnosis system (CADS) based on
artificial intelligence (AI) to diagnose MS involves conventional machine
learning and deep learning (DL) methods. In conventional machine learning,
feature extraction, feature selection, and classification steps are carried out by
using trial and error; on the contrary, these steps in DL are based on deep layers
whose values are automatically learn. In this paper, a complete review of
automated MS diagnosis methods performed using DL techniques with MRI
neuroimaging modalities is provided. Initially, the steps involved in various
CADS proposed using MRI modalities and DL techniques for MS diagnosis are
investigated. The important preprocessing techniques employed in various
works are analyzed. Most of the published papers on MS diagnosis using MRI
modalities and DL are presented. The most significant challenges facing and
future direction of automated diagnosis of MS using MRI modalities and DL
techniques are also provided

Title : MACHINE LEARNING IN EARLY GENETIC DETECTION OF

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS DISEASE: A SURVEY

Author: Nehal M. Ali , Mohamed Shaheen , Mai S. Mabrouk and Mohamed A.

AboRezka

Year : 2020

Multiple sclerosis disease is a main cause of non-traumatic disabilities and one

of the most common neurological disorders in young adults over many
countries. In this work, we introduce a survey study of the utilization of
machine learning methods in Multiple Sclerosis early genetic disease detection
methods incorporating Microarray data analysis and Single Nucleotide
Polymorphism data analysis and explains in details the machine learning
methods used in literature. In addition, this study demonstrates the future trends
of Next Generation Sequencing data analysis in disease detection and sample
datasets of each genetic detection method was included .in addition, the
challenges facing genetic disease detection were elaborated.

Title : Detection of Multiple Sclerosis Using Deep Learning

Author: Sabila Al Jannat

Year : 2021

Accurate detection of white matter lesions in 3D Magnetic Resonance Images

(MRIs) of patients with Multiple Sclerosis is essential for diagnosis and
treatment evaluation of MS. It is strenuous for the optimal treatment of the
disease to detect early MS and estimate its progression. In this study, we
propose efficient Multiple Sclerosis detection techniques to improve the
performance of a supervised machine learning algorithm and classify the
progression of the disease. Detection of MS lesions become more intricate due
to the presence of unbalanced data with a very small number of lesions pixel.
Our pipeline is evaluated on MS patients data from the Laboratory of Imaging
Technologies. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) series are
incorporated to introduce a faster system alongside maintaining readability and
accuracy. Our approach is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). We
have trained the model using transfer learning and used softmax as an activation
function to classify the progression of the disease. Our results significantly
show the effectiveness of the usage of MRI of MS lesions. Experiments on 30
patients and 100 healthy brain MRIs can accurately predict disease progression.
Manual detection of lesions by clinical experts is complicated and time-
consuming as a large amount of MRI data is required to analyze. We analyze
the accuracy of the proposed model on the dataset. Our approach exhibits a
significant accuracy rate of up to98.24%.

Title : DEEP LEARNING FOR DETECTION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

LESIONS IN LESS GD INJECTION MRI CONTEXT

Author: Thomas Grenier, Michael Sdïka, Hélène Ratiney, Creatis

Year : 2020

The internship focuses on the design of an approach able to efficiently

detect/segment multiple sclerosis active lesions from MR images acquired
before gadolinium injection. Actual clinical MRI protocols studying multiple
sclerosis follow up are based on a controversial usage of Gadolinium (Gd).
Such usage allows distinguishing precisely the active lesions from the others
which then permits pharmaceutical treatment modifications. The first step is to
detect and segment all MS lesions and then identify active ones. The final
objective is to perform active lesions detection but without using MR images
acquired after injection of Gd. To do so, we can exploit deeply the available
MRI modalities acquired before the injection. The ones acquired post injection
can be used to create the ground truth used for training. Thus one main
challenge is to propose a novel DNN architecture that exploits optimally the
different MR modalities and the 223 available patient’s MRIs

Title : Segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis in MR images by Deep Learning

Author: BENHIZIA Louiza BENBATATA Sabrina

Year : 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological and an inflammatory disease which

affects the human’s central nervous system. Until now, the causes of being ill
with MS are unknown. The latest statistics showed that 2 millions people
around the world suffer from this disease [1]. Unfortunately, the number of MS
patients increased from 2.3 million in 2013 to 2.8 in 2020 [2]. MS healthcare
costs 10 billion dollars a year in the USA [3]. However, the early diagnosis of
MS costs less in the treatment and is very important in planning the treatment of
patients. Due to the considerable progress in medical image acquisition devices
comprises different modalities and processes, including Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography
(PET) and among others. The medical data is quite voluminous
SYSTEM STUDY

8.1 Aim:

The aim of this study is to develop a deep learning-based model using CNN
architectures to automatically detect and classify multiple sclerosis lesions from
MRI data, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing the time taken for
manual assessment.

8.2 Objectives:

 To explore and analyze the different types of CNN architectures suitable

for detecting sclerosis in MRI data.
 To build and train a CNN model for detecting MS lesions from MRI
images.
 To evaluate the performance of the model in terms of accuracy, precision,
recall, and F1-score.
 To compare the proposed model with existing approaches and highlight
its advantages in terms of speed and accuracy.
  To integrate the model into a practical application that assists healthcare
professionals in detecting multiple sclerosis.

Scope

This project focuses on utilizing MRI datasets containing multiple sclerosis

lesions and applying deep learning techniques, particularly CNNs, for
automated detection. The model will be evaluated for its effectiveness in
classifying lesions at various stages of sclerosis, making it applicable for both
early detection and progression tracking. The scope also includes deploying the
model in a clinical setting to assist radiologists in decision-making.

Goal

The goal of this project is to design a CNN-based deep learning model that can
detect and classify multiple sclerosis lesions from MRI data with high accuracy,
contributing to more efficient and reliable diagnosis in medical practice.
DESIGN ARCHITECTURE

General

Design is meaningful engineering representation of something that is to

be built. Software design is a process design is the perfect way to accurately
translate requirements in to a finished software product. Design creates a
representation or model, provides detail about software data structure,
architecture, interfaces and components that are necessary to implement a
system.
11.1 Data Flow Diagram:

Image Details

Test
Preprocessing dataset

Sclerosis
Training CNN Algorithm
Classification
dataset

Fig: Process of dataflow diagram

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of

data through an information system, modeling its process aspects. A DFD is
often used as a preliminary step to create an overview of the system without
going into great detail, which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for
the visualization of data processing (structured design). A DFD shows what
kind of information will be input to and output from the system, how the data
will advance through the system, and where the data will be stored. It does not
show information about process timing or whether processes will operate in
sequence or in parallel, unlike a traditional structured flowchart which focuses
on control flow, or a UML activity workflow diagram, which presents both
control and data flows as a unified model. Data flow diagrams are also known
as bubble charts. DFD is a designing tool used in the top down approach to
Systems Design. Symbols and Notations Used in DFDs Using any convention’s
DFD rules or guidelines, the symbols depict the four components of data flow
diagrams.

11.2 Work flow diagram:

Source images

Training Testing
Dataset Dataset

CNN algorithm

Prediction of Sclerosis
Classification

Fig: Workflow Diagram

 11.3 USECASE DIAGRAM:

Use case diagrams are considered for high level requirement analysis of a
system. So when the requirements of a system are analyzed the functionalities
are captured in use cases. So, it can say that uses cases are nothing but the
system functionalities written in an organized manner.
 11.4 CLASS DIAGRAM:

Class diagram is basically a graphical representation of the static view of

the system and represents different aspects of the application. So a collection of
class diagrams represent the whole system. The name of the class diagram
should be meaningful to describe the aspect of the system. Each element and
their relationships should be identified in advance Responsibility (attributes and
methods) of each class should be clearly identified for each class minimum
number of properties should be specified and because, unnecessary properties
will make the diagram complicated. Use notes whenever required to describe
some aspect of the diagram and at the end of the drawing it should be
understandable to the developer/coder. Finally, before making the final version,
the diagram should be drawn on plain paper and rework as many times as
possible to make it correct.
 11.5 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM:

Activity is a particular operation of the system. Activity diagrams are not

only used for visualizing dynamic nature of a system but they are also used to
construct the executable system by using forward and reverse engineering
techniques. The only missing thing in activity diagram is the message part. It
does not show any message flow from one activity to another. Activity diagram
is some time considered as the flow chart. Although the diagrams looks like a
flow chart but it is not. It shows different flow like parallel, branched,
concurrent and single.
 11.6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM:

Sequence diagrams model the flow of logic within your system in a

visual manner, enabling you both to document and validate your logic, and are
commonly used for both analysis and design purposes. Sequence diagrams are
the most popular UML artifact for dynamic modelling, which focuses on
identifying the behaviour within your system. Other dynamic modelling
techniques include activity diagramming, communication diagramming, timing
diagramming, and interaction overview diagramming. Sequence diagrams,
along with class diagrams and physical data models are in my opinion the most
important design-level models for modern business application development.
 11.7 ER DIAGRAM:

An entity relationship diagram (ERD), also known as an entity

relationship model, is a graphical representation of an information system that
depicts the relationships among people, objects, places, concepts or events
within that system. An ERD is a data modeling technique that can help define
business processes and be used as the foundation for a relational database.
Entity relationship diagrams provide a visual starting point for database design
that can also be used to help determine information system requirements
throughout an organization. After a relational database is rolled out, an ERD can
still serve as a referral point, should any debugging or business process re-
engineering be needed later.

11.8 COLLABORATION DIAGRAM:

A collaboration diagram show the objects and relationships involved in

an interaction, and the sequence of messages exchanged among the objects
during the interaction.

The collaboration diagram can be a decomposition of a class, class diagram, or

part of a class diagram.it can be the decomposition of a use case, use case
diagram, or part of a use case diagram.
 The collaboration diagram shows messages being sent between classes and
object (instances). A diagram is created for each system operation that relates to
the current development cycle (iteration).

MODULE DESCRIPTION

IMPORT THE GIVEN IMAGE FROM DATASET:

We have to import our data set using keras preprocessing image data
generator function also we create size, rescale, range, zoom range, horizontal
flip. Then we import our image dataset from folder through the data generator
function. Here we set train, test, and validation also we set target size, batch size
and class-mode from this function we have to train using our own created
network by adding layers of CNN.

TO TRAIN THE MODULE BY GIVEN IMAGE DATASET:

To train our dataset using classifier and fit generator function also we
make training steps per epoch’s then total number of epochs, validation data and
validation steps using this data we can train our dataset.

WORKING PROCESS OF LAYERS IN CNN MODEL:

DATA PREPROCESSING:

A Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet/CNN) is a Deep Learning

algorithm which can take in an input image, assign importance (learnable
weights and biases) to various aspects/objects in the image and be able to
differentiate one from the other. The pre-processing required in a ConvNet is
much lower as compared to other classification algorithms. While in primitive
methods filters are hand-engineered, with enough training, ConvNets have the
ability to learn these filters/characteristics. The architecture of a ConvNet is
analogous to that of the connectivity pattern of Neurons in the Human disease
and was inspired by the organization of the Visual Cortex. Individual neurons
respond to stimuli only in a restricted region of the visual field known as the
Receptive Field. Their network consists of four layers with 1,024 input units,
256 units in the first hidden layer, eight units in the second hidden layer, and
two output units.
Input Layer:

Input layer in CNN contain image data. Image data is represented by three
dimensional matrixes. It needs to reshape it into a single column. Suppose you
have image of dimension 28 x 28 =784, it need to convert it into 784 x 1 before
feeding into input.

Convo Layer:
Convo layer is sometimes called feature extractor layer because features
of the image are get extracted within this layer. First of all, a part of image is
connected to Convo layer to perform convolution operation as we saw earlier
and calculating the dot product between receptive field (it is a local region of the
input image that has the same size as that of filter) and the filter. Result of the
operation is single integer of the output volume. Then the filter over the next
receptive field of the same input image by a Stride and do the same operation
again. It will repeat the same process again and again until it goes through the
whole image. The output will be the input for the next layer.
Pooling Layer:

Pooling layer is used to reduce the spatial volume of input image after
convolution. It is used between two convolution layers. If it applies FC after
Convo layer without applying pooling or max pooling, then it will be
computationally expensive. So, the max pooling is only way to reduce the spatial
volume of input image. It has applied max pooling in single depth slice with
Stride of 2. It can observe the 4 x 4 dimension input is reducing to 2 x 2
dimensions.

Fully Connected Layer (FC):

Fully connected layer involves weights, biases, and neurons. It connects neurons
in one layer to neurons in another layer. It is used to classify images between
different categories by training.

Softmax / Logistic Layer:

Softmax or Logistic layer is the last layer of CNN. It resides at the end of
FC layer. Logistic is used for binary classification and softmax is for multi-
classification.

Output Layer:
Output layer contains the label which is in the form of one-hot encoded.
Now you have a good understanding of CNN.
12 METHODOLOGY

Preprocessing and Training the model (CNN): The dataset is

preprocessed such as Image reshaping, resizing and conversion to an array
form. Similar processing is also done on the test image. A dataset consisting of
about 4 different Sclerosis is obtained, out of which any image can be used as a
test image for the software.

CNN Weights

Build a sequential CNN train

Raw image
model Sclerosis
classifications

The train dataset is used to train the model (CNN) so that it can identify the test
image and the disease it has CNN has different layers that are Dense, Dropout,
Activation, Flatten, Convolution2D, and MaxPooling2D. After the model is
trained successfully, the software can identify the sclerosis Classification image
contained in the dataset. After successful training and preprocessing,
comparison of the test image and trained model takes place to predict the
Sclerosis classifications.
TYPES OF CNN:
 Google Net
 Leenet

GOOGLE NET:

"GoogleNet," also known as "Inception-v1," is a deep learning architecture for

image classification. It was developed by a team of researchers at Google, led
by Christian Szegedy, and was the winner of the ImageNet Large Scale Visual
Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC) in 2014.

The main innovation in the GoogleNet architecture is the use of the "Inception
module," which incorporates multiple parallel convolutional operations of
different filter sizes to capture features at various scales. This allows the
network to learn both fine-grained and high-level abstract features efficiently.

Key features of the GoogleNet architecture:

Inception Module: The Inception module consists of a combination of 1x1, 3x3,

and 5x5 convolutional filters, along with max-pooling operations. The idea
behind this module is to allow the network to learn features at different spatial
scales and capture both local and global patterns effectively. Additionally, 1x1
convolutions are used to reduce the dimensionality of the input channels, which
helps in reducing computational complexity.

Multiple Stacked Inception Modules: GoogleNet consists of multiple stacked

Inception modules to create a deep network. These modules are designed to
capture increasingly complex patterns as the network goes deeper. The
inclusion of multiple Inception modules also allows the network to be
computationally efficient, as it can utilize different filter sizes simultaneously.
Auxiliary Classifiers: GoogleNet includes auxiliary classifiers at intermediate
layers of the network. These auxiliary classifiers serve as "side branches" and
are used to combat the vanishing gradient problem during training. They add
extra supervision to the network and help in better gradient flow during
backpropagation.

Global Average Pooling: Instead of using fully connected layers at the end of
the network, GoogleNet employs global average pooling. This operation
computes the average value for each feature map in the last convolutional layer,
resulting in a single vector that is used as input to the final softmax layer for
classification. Global average pooling reduces the number of parameters and
helps prevent overfitting.

GoogleNet was one of the early deep learning architectures to demonstrate the
effectiveness of deep networks in image classification tasks. It achieved top
accuracy in the ILSVRC 2014 competition while being more computationally
efficient compared to other models available at the time. Since its introduction,
several improved versions of the Inception architecture, such as Inception-v2,
Inception-v3, and Inception-v4, have been developed by the research
community.
ACCURACY:
LENET:

The LeNet architecture is a pioneering convolutional neural network (CNN)

architecture developed by Yann LeCun and his colleagues in the early 1990s. It
played a crucial role in the advancement of deep learning and was specifically
designed for handwritten digit recognition tasks, such as recognizing digits in
checks and postal addresses. LeNet laid the foundation for modern CNNs and
their applications in image recognition and computer vision tasks.

The LeNet architecture consists of the following layers:

Input Layer: This layer accepts the input image, which is typically a grayscale
image of a handwritten digit. The input images are usually of size 32x32 pixels.

Convolutional Layers: LeNet uses two convolutional layers to extract features

from the input images. Each convolutional layer applies convolutional filters
(also called kernels) to the input image, capturing different patterns and
features. These filters slide over the image to create feature maps.

Subsampling (Pooling) Layers: After each convolutional layer, a subsampling

layer (also known as a pooling layer) is applied to reduce the spatial dimensions
of the feature maps and help in retaining important information while reducing
computation.

Fully Connected Layers: The subsampled feature maps are then flattened and
passed through fully connected layers, which are traditional neural network
layers. These layers are responsible for making classification decisions based on
the extracted features.

Output Layer: The final fully connected layer produces the output of the
network, which represents the predicted class probabilities. For handwritten
digit recognition, this would typically involve 10 output nodes, each
corresponding to a digit class (0 to 9).

LeNet was designed before the deep learning era as we know it today, so it has
fewer layers compared to modern architectures like ResNet, VGG, or Inception.
However, its fundamental design principles, including the use of convolutional
and pooling layers, inspired the development of more complex CNN
architectures. LeNet demonstrated the potential of neural networks in handling
image recognition tasks and played a pivotal role in the resurgence of interest in
neural networks during the early 2000s.
ACCURACY:
LIST OF MODULES:

1. Manual Net

2. Google net

3. LENET

4. Deploy
CLASSIFICATIONS:
MANUALNET:
DEPLOY

Deploying the model in Django Framework and predicting output

In this module the trained deep learning model is converted into

hierarchical data format file (.h5 file) which is then deployed in our django
framework for providing better user interface and predicting the output.

Django (Web Framework):

Django is an extremely popular and fully featured server-side web

framework, written in Python. This module shows you why Django is one of the
most popular web server frameworks, how to set up a development
environment, and how to start using it to create your own web applications. In
this first Django article we answer the question "What is Django?" and give you
an overview of what makes this web framework special. We'll outline the main
features, including some advanced functionality that we won't have time to
cover in detail in this module. We'll also show you some of the main building
blocks of a Django application, to give you an idea of what it can do before you
set it up and start playing. Now that you know what Django is for, we'll show
you how to set up and test a Django development environment on Windows,
Linux (Ubuntu), and macOS — whatever common operating system you are
using, this article should give you what you need to be able to start developing
Django apps. Django is a high-level Python web framework that enables rapid
development of secure and maintainable websites. Built by experienced
developers, Django takes care of much of the hassle of web development, so
you can focus on writing your app without needing to reinvent the wheel.

OUTPUT SCREENSHOT:
Conclusion:

Deep learning, especially CNNs, has shown great potential in transforming

medical image analysis. The developed CNN model for sclerosis detection in
MRI data offers a promising solution for improving diagnostic precision,
potentially reducing the burden on radiologists and speeding up the treatment
process for MS patients. The model's ability to accurately identify lesions can
significantly aid in monitoring disease progression and ensuring timely
intervention.

Future Work

Future work will involve enhancing the CNN model by incorporating more
advanced techniques like transfer learning and attention mechanisms to improve
performance further. Additionally, expanding the model's application to include
other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, will
increase its clinical utility. Further research can also explore real-time
deployment in clinical settings and integration with other diagnostic tools for a
comprehensive approach to neurological disease detection.