Chapter 5 Transformation of figures

5.1 Translation

~~ Learning objective
Identify and reason about translation of figures; draw images after a translation

A. Multiple choice questions

Among the following four figures, ( ) of them can each be viewed as being
the result of a translation.

E
E
A. 1 B. 2 c. 3 D. 4

1 1 1 1
2 The diagram shows rectangle A B C D which is obtained by a translation of
rectangle ABCD. Among the following statements, the incorrect one is ( ).
A. Translating rectangle ABCD 4
units up and 9 units right gives A' B'
1 1 1 1
rectangle A B C D •
B. Translating rectangle ABCD 9 ,r

units right and 4 units up gives A B ,,,---e-- D' C'

/
1 1 1 1
rectangle A B C D •
C. Translating rectangleABCD in the
direction of BD' by the distance of D C

the length of segment ED' gives

1 1 1 1 Diagram for question 2
rectangle A B C D •
D. Translating rectangle ABCD in the direction of BB' by the distance of the
1 1 1 1
length of segment BB' gives rectangle A B C D •

• • • ••
Transformation of figures

~ B. Fill in the blanks

~

Under a translation, every point of the figure (object) must move the - - - -
distance in the - - - - direction, and the obtained figure (image) has the same
shape and as the original figure.

4 In ,6.ABC, AB 5 cm and L.C = 90°. After a translation, it coincides with

LA'B'C' with the images of points A, B and C being points A', B' and C', then
A'B' = - - - - cm, LC' = - - - -

0 If segment MN = 6 cm and point Pis the midpoint of MN, then segment PN can
be viewed as the result of translating MP by a distance of _ _ _ _ in the
direction of ----
. (Hint: You may draw a diagram to help you answer.)

A B
6 In the diagram, segmentA'B' is obtained by a translation
of segment AB, AB = 4 cm and AA' = 5 cm, then A' B'
segment AB is translated by a distance of ____ m
Diagram for question 6
the direction of - - - -

If quadrilateral A1 B1 C1 D1 is obtained from a translation of quadrilateral ABCD by

moving 3 units up, and D1 is the image of D, then segment DD 1 = ----

C. Questions that require solutions

8 · The diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE on 2-cm square grid paper. Translate the
pentagon so that point A moves to point A'. Label the image LA'B'C'E'F' and
describe the translation with the moving directions
and distances (in cm).
A'

A
V ........
_/ ........ E
B
I" /
I"'-C D
I

Diagram for question 8

140
 Transformation of figures

• The diagram shows half of a circle on a 1-cm square grid paper. Translate it so
that point O coincides with point O' after translation.

I/ I'-....
I'\. I'\
I'\.
I'\
'\
'\.
l'\.1/

Diagram for question 9

10 (a) Draw the image of ,6.ABC under the translation in the direction of AD for a
distance of 2 cm.
(b) Take any point Pin segment AB , and draw the image of P under the above
translation.

B C
Diagram for question 10
 5.2 Rotation

~')Jl Learning objective

Identify and reason about the rotations of figures; draw images after a rotation

A. Multiple choice questions

8 1 1 1
In the following four diagrams, the one in which L A B C cannot be obtained by
rotating LABC is ( ).

H" B'li
B A A'

B'
,

A' A B
A

C'
C(B')

B
VC'~ B'

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2 In the following, the number of figures that are each identical to their starting
position after a rotation of 90° is ( ).

6
■ ■
..
't,
@ ,~-- ■
9
A. 4 B. 3 c. 2 D. 1

C, Among the following statements about rotation and translation, the correct one is
( ).
A. A rotation changes the shape of a figure.
B. The figure obtained from rotation of a figure can be also obtained through a
translation of the figure.
C. A point and its image of a rotation have equal distance from the centre of
rotation.
D. Both translation and rotation can change the position and the size of the figure.

142
 Transformation of figures

4 As shown in the diagram, rotating the right-angled A'

triangle ABC ( where L.ABC = 60°) around point B
for a certain degree clockwise gives triangleA'B'C', C
and points A, B and C' are on the same line. Then
the angle of rotation is ( ).
A. 30° B. 60° A B(B' ) C'

C. 90° D. 120° Diagram for question 4

As shown in the diagram, after a rotation anticlockwise, L'iABC coincides with

L'iADE, and L.BAE = 60°. The centre of rotation is ____ , the image of point
C is - - - - , and the angle of rotation is - - - -

D
Diagram for question 5

6 The diagram shows a triangle ABC, AB = AC, L.BAC = 100° and Dis a point on
BC. If after a rotation, L'iABD moves to the position of L'iACE, then the centre
of rotation is _ _ _ _ the image angle of L. BAD 1s _ _ _ _ , the image
0
segment of AD is ____ , and L.DAE = _ _ _

B D C
Diagram for question 6

•••
 Transformation of figures

~
~ - B. Fill in th.e blanks
The diagram shows a right-angled isosceles triangle ,6.ABC, L BAC = 90°. If after
a rotation, ,6.AEC coincides with ,6.AFB, then point ----
is the centre of
rotation and the angle of rotation is - - - - or ----

E C
Diagram for question 7

'8 As shown in the diagram, point Dis within the equilateral triangle ABC. After a
rotation, ,6.BDC coincides with ,6.AEC. ,6.JX;E is an -----------
triangle . (Identify what type of triangle it is.)

B C
Diagram for question 8

1 1 1
As shown in the diagram, ,6.A B C is generated by rotating ,6.ABC 80°
anticlockwise about point 0. The angle of rotation is - -- - , ID = ----
, and
L GJC' = _ _ _ o
0

Diagram for question 9

144
 Tran.sformation. of figures

C. Questions that require solutions

10 Given point Eis a point on the side CD of square ABCD, draw the image triangle
obtained by rotating ,6,ADE 90° about point A clockwise. Indicate the image
points and the angle of rotation.

B C
Diagram for question 10

In the 10 X 5 square grid, each small square has a side length of 1 unit. 1ranslating
1 1 1 1 1 1
,6,ABC 4 units right gives ,6A B C , and further rotating ,6A B C about point A'
1 11 11 1 1 1
90° anticlockwise gives ,6A B C • Draw ,6A B C and ,6A11B 11C11 •

Diagram for question 11

12 On the diagram, draw the image of the figure after a rotation of 90° anticlockwise
about point 0.

/I\
)
r--
V

Diagram for question 12

• • • •
Transformation. of figures

Q) As shown in the diagram, quadrilateralABCD is a square with side length 1 unit,

DE = !, AD = l, and 6 ABF is a rotation of 6 ADE.

(a) The centre of the rotation is - - -

(b) It is rotated _ _ __ degrees.
(c) Connecting EF, what type of triangle is 6 AEF?
( d) The area of 6 AEF is ---

F B C
Diagram for question 13

146
 5.3 Rotational symmetry

,~ g
u
Learning objective
Identify and reason about rotational symmetry

A. Multiple choice questions

In the following figures, the one that can be viewed as a result of rotating a part
of it around a point 180° is ( ).

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2 Given a line segment, a square, a circle, a rectangle, a parallelogram and an

equilateral triangle, there are ( ) of them which have point symmetryCD .
A. 6 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3

~ B. Fill in th.e blanks

~

C, The range of the angle of rotation for a figure of rotational symmetry is _ _ __

4 Point symmetry is _ _ _ _ _ _ rotational symmetry; rotational symmetry is

-----
point symmetry. ( Choose 'definitely' or 'not definitely' to fill
in.)

CD Note: Point symmetry (also called central symmetry) is a special type of rotational symmetry in
which the angle of rotation is 180°. For each point in a figure with point symmetry, there exists a
matching point found directly opposite to it on the other side of the centre.

••••• • G
Transformation of figures

0 As shown in the diagram, if quadrilateral CDEF can be rotated to coincide with

square ABCD, then the number of the points on the plane that can be the centre
of rotation is

A.---------.-D------, E

B
C F

Diagram for question 5

6 The figure can be viewed as one obtained by rotating a rhombus with a diagonal
----
times, and each time it is rotated ----
degrees.

Diagram for question 6

0 Figure ( 1) can be rotated ----

degrees in a - - - - - - - direction to
coincide with itself.
Figure (2) can be rotated _ _ __ degrees in a -------
direction to
coincide with itself.

(I) (2)
Diagram for question 7

148
 Transformation of figures

C. Questlons that requLre solutLons

8 Look at the following figures carefully. Write the angle of rotation for each
figure and indicate which figures have point symmetry.

( 1) (2) (3) (4)

(5) (6) (7) (8)

Diagram for question 8

• The diagram shows part of a pattern for a square tablecloth. Use the coordinate
grid given below to draw the figures obtained by rotating the figure clockwise 90°,
180° and 270°, respectively, and state what type of shape each figure obtained is.

:Y

""
I

, , , ,
... ... ... ... ... ]
"
. . ; r··j"l-,.1··+·+·+·+··i--+--l--+--l·--l·--
·· · ·- ·· ···· ···
... .... ... ...
Q ,l·-+·+·+·+·+·+--;---1--+--i·--
.,....... ... ,... ,.... ,... ,... ,... ,...,... ,... ,... ,...
.T
....... ······ ., ...,... ,...,... ,.... ;...; ... ,... ,... ,... ,... ,... ,...

Diagram for question 9

•
Transformation of figures

10 The diagram shows a quadrilateral combining two equilateral triangles.

(a) Does the figure have rotational symmetry? Does it also have point symmetry?
If so, identify the centre of rotation for point symmetry.
(b) If L ACD can be rotated to coincide with L ABC, then how many points on
the plane could be the centre of rotation? Indicate all of the points .

A~----~D

B C
Diagram for question 10

150
 5.4 Folding and figures with. reflection s~mmetr~

Learning objective
Identify rotational and reflection symmetry in plane shapes

~LI A. Multiple choice questions

8 The following figure that has both reflection symmetry and rotational symmetry is
( ) .

0
(A) (B) (C) (D)

2 The following figure that has both point symmetry and reflection symmetry is ( ).
A. an equilateral triangle B. a parallelogram
C. a pentagon D. a square

A
C) The diagram shows LiABC, L C = 90°, and Dis a point on
AC. Fold Li.BCD along line BD so that point C coincides with
point E on side AB. If OC = 5 cm, then ( ) of the
following statement(s) is/ are true.
(1) ED = 5 cm
(2) ED= 4 cm
( 3) ED is perpendicular to AB. Diagram for question 3
(4) ED is not necessarily perpendicular to AB.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

~
~ B. Fill in the blanks
4 If a figure is folded along a line and the two parts of the figure divided by the line
coincide with each other, then the figure has - - - -- - - , and the line is
called ---

• • • •
Transformation of figures

0 In a figure with reflection symmetry, the corresponding segments are _ _ __

and the corresponding anglesCD are - - - -

6 Among a square, a parallelogram, a circle, an isosceles triangle, a segment and a

rectangle, _ _ __ _ _ _ does/ do not have reflection symmetry.

If an equilateral triangle has n reflection lines, then n = ----

C. Questions th.at require solutions

8 Draw all the lines of symmetry on each figure below.

CO D D
Diagram for question 8
0
Figure (1) below shows a square tile. Figures (2) and (3) show two new squares
that are formed using four square tiles. Shade them to show how the tiles are
exactly placed to form the new squares as shown in these two figures. (Each
shaded figure must have line symmetry. )

~
(I)
~ (2)
~
(3)
Diagram for question 9

CD Two segments (or angles, etc.) are called corresponding segments (or angles, etc . ) under a
reflection if one is the image of the other under the reflection.

152
 5.5 . Reflection symmetry

~}JI Learning objective

Identify and reason about reflection symmetry

A. Multiple choice questions

A circle has ( ) line(s) of symmetry.
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. infinitely many

2 The following statement that is incorrect is ( ).

A. Reflection symmetry can refer to two figures, describing a relationship about
them.
B. Reflection symmetry can refer to one figure, describing a special feature of
the figure itself.
C . Two figures that are reflectively symmetric can fit exactly over each other.
D. Two figures that fit exactly over each other have reflection symmetry.

~
~ B. Fill in the blanks
If two figures are symmetric about a line, then the line segment joining a point
and its image is _ _ _ _ _ to and _ __ ___ by the symmetry line. If a
segment joining two points is _ _ _ __ to and _ _ _ _ _ by a line, then
the two points are symmetric about the line ( also called the 'mirror line' or 'line
of symmetry').

4 If two figures are symmetric about a line, and a

line segment and its image (or their extensions)
intersect in a point, then the point must lie on
B B'

1 1 1
The diagram shows 6 ABC and its image 6 A B C
under reflection about line l. L B = 75° andA'C' = 15.
Then L B'= _ _ _ , AC = _ _ _ Diagram for question 5

••••
Transformation of figures

C. Questions that require solutions

6 Draw the image of A when reflected in the line MN. Label this A'.

M M
M

ii

N
M
A.
N

N
/ N
A

Diagram for question 6

f) Draw line segment A'B' that is symmetric to line segment AB with respect to line
MN.
M M M M

A A A

B
I B B

N N N N

Diagram for question 7

1 1 1
8 Draw 6A B C that is symmetric to 6ABC with respect to the line MN.

M M M
A
A A

B
D C B
B C

N N N

Diagram for question 8

154
 Transformation of figures

0 Given ,6.ABC and A' is the image point of A about a reflection symmetry. Draw
the line of symmetry and ,6.A'B'C' that is the image of ,6.ABC under the reflection
over the line.

Diagram for question 9

(a)u
10 Given two figures are reflectively symmetric, draw the mirror line land fill in the
blanks below.
Cb)

CJ)
Diagram for question 10

( c) If two figures are symmetric about a line, there are two methods to find their
line of symmetry. The first method is to get a pair of line segments each
connecting a point in the original figure and its image point, locate the
_ _ _ _ _ of the two line segments, and then draw a line connecting the
_ _ _ _ _ , which is the line of symmetry. The second method is to get a
line segment joining a point in the original figure and its image point, and
then draw a line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the line segment.

••••
 Unit test 5

A. Multiple ch.oice questions

In the following, the figure with the greatest number of lines of symmetry is ( ).

c:::,oc:::,
□ (A)
0
(B)
~ (C) (D)

2 In the following, the figure that must have reflection symmetry is ( ).

A. any two points B. a triangle
C. a parallelogram D. a pentagon

0 In the following, the figure that has both point symmetry and reflection symmetry is
( ).
A. an angle
B. an equilateral triangle
C. a square
D. a hexagon

4 In the following, the number of figures that can be viewed as both the result of a
rotation and that of a reflection is ( ).

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

156
 Transformation of figures

~ B. Fill in the blanks

~

C, When a figure is translated, rotated, or flipped, these transformations have one

common property; that is, the ____ and ____ of the figure remain the
same.

6 If a square is rotated around its centre for at least - - - - degrees, then the
resulting figure will coincide with the square itself.

0 A parallelogram can be obtained by rotating a triangle around the midpoint of one

side for ____ degrees.

8 Point symmetry _ ___ also rotational symmetry. (Choose 'is ' or 'is not' to
fill in . )

C) The star can be viewed as a result of a quadrilateral through rotating ----

times. Each time, the angle of rotation is at least ----
degrees, therefore it
has _ ___ symmetry.

Diagram for question 9

10 If a figure has line symmetry, then the line of symmetry is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to

and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ any line segment joining a point with its image point.

G) As shown in the diagram, if L-,.ABC is rotated around point A to the position of

L ADE, then the angle that must be equal to L EAD is ----

B A
Diagram for question 11

••• ••
Transformation of figures

12 The diagram shows a square ABCD, points E and F are on sides BC and CD
respectively, and L EAF = 45°. If the right-angled 6 ADF is rotated 90°
clockwise around point A to the position of 6 ABG, then 6 AGE can be rotated
----
degrees - -- -- - - around point A to the position of 6 AFH.

G B E C
Diagram for question 12

($ As shown in the diagram, point Eis on side BC of square ABCD, Flies on the
extension of side AB beyond B, and 6 AEB can be rotated a certain number of
degrees to coincide with 6 CFB. Then line segments AE and CF are _ __ _ _

D .--------.

A B F

.
Diagram for question 13

1\
~ >)
C. Construction questions

14 Construct the image of quadrilateral ABCD after a reflection about the line l.

Diagram for question 14

158
 Tran.sformation of figures

Q9 Using the diagram below, first translate the figure in the square grid so point A
moves to point A', and then rotate it for 180° around point A'. Draw the images
of the figure after the translation and rotation, respectively .

A'
A

"'1"'-
V I"'
I/I"'-
Diagram for question 15

16 Draw the image point over a transformation.

(a) The following figure has rotational symmetry about 01. Draw the image A1 of
point A

(JO
Cb) The following figure has point symmetry. Draw the image A2 of point A

(c) The following figure has rotational symmetry about 0 1. Draw the image B1 of
the point B.

• ••
Transformation of figures

(d) The following figure has point symmetry. Draw the image B2 of point B.

D. Questions that require solutions

4f> The diagram shows 6 ABC on a square grid.

(a) Draw 6 A 1 B 1 C1 that is symmetric to 6 ABC about line l;
(b) Draw 6 A2B2C2 that is symmetric to 6 ABC about the point O;
(c) If it is a 2-cm square grid, find the area of 6 ABC;
(d) Can 6A2B2C2 be obtained by translating 6A1B1C1? How about by rotating
6A 1 B 1 C1? By what kind of transformation can one triangle be generated
from the other?

I
A
J
J \
/' \
V \
I/ 0
B C

Diagram for question 17

160
 Transformation of figures

18 The diagram shows that in L ABC , Dis the midpoint of BC, E and F lie on AB
and AC respectively, and L.EDF = 90°.
(a) Draw the image point F, of point F after a reflection over line ED;
(b) Joining BF1 and DF1, what kind of relationship do 6 BF1D and 6CFD have?
Give your reason.

B D C

Diagram for question 18

CD) As shown in the diagram, squares ABDE and ACFG are drawn outwards on sides
AB and AC of L ABC, respectively. Explain after what transformation line
segment PG coincides with line segment EC? Do L ABG and 6 AEC always exist?
If not, explain under what conditions they exist.
E

Diagram for question 19

20 As shown in the diagram, pointClies on line segment BE. On the same side of BE
we draw equilaterals L ABC and LOCE, then we can see that LACE can coincide
with L BCD after a rotation.
/)

B C E

Diagram for question 20

(a) Write down the angle and direction of the rotation.

(b) In the diagram, what pairs of triangles can coincide with each other after the
rotation?
(c) If /3 = 40°, then L.BDE = _ __

• • ••