Mass Transfer-I (Manual)

A LABORATORY MANUAL
FOR
MASS TRANSFER-I
BCH-501
Department of Chemical Engineering
Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi (U.P.)
(Session: 2024-25)
Lab Incharge:
Name: ……………………………………………………………………………………………....
Roll No.: ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Year & Semester: .…………………………………………………………………………………………

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
S. No. EXPERIMENTS
1. To Determine the Gas-phase mass-transfer coefficient in wetted wall column
2. To Determine the diffusion co-efficient of an organic vapor (naphthalene) in air.
3. To estimate the Solid liquid mass-transfer coefficient for dissolution of benzoic
acid in water.
4. To study the absorption of a gas in a packed column and calculation of NTU and
HTU
5. To study flooding and loading characteristic of Packed bed absorption column
6. To study working and operation of the cooling tower
7. To study the fluidized bed drying
8. To Study drying characteristics of solids in a batch tray dryer under constant drying
conditions
9. To find out crystal yield in batch crystallizer
10. To study crystallization operation using open pan Crystallizer

EXPERIMENT: 07
Fluidized Bed Drying
Objective:
To study the drying characteristics of solid particles in a fluidized bed and determine the drying
rate.
Apparatus Required:
Fluidized bed dryer, Solid particles (e.g., sand or grains), Thermometer, Hot air blower or heater, Air
flow meter, Weighing balance, Stopwatch.
Theory:
Fluidized bed drying is an operation in which solid particles are suspended and surrounded by a flow of
gas (usually air). This leads to effective heat and mass transfer between the particles and the drying
medium. The experiment helps in analyzing the drying characteristics such as the drying rate, the critical
moisture content, and equilibrium moisture content of the solid particles.
1. Drying Rate:
The drying rate can be calculated by plotting a graph of weight loss vs. time. The slope of the curve in
the constant rate drying period will give the drying rate.
Drying Rate = ∆W
∆t
2. Moisture Content:
Moisture content at any time can be calculated as:
Moisture Content (X) = Winitial – Wfinal
Wdry silids
Procedure:
1. First Ensure the fluidized bed dryer is clean and ready for use. Measure the initial mass of the solid
particles using a weighing balance and note it down.
2. Start the air blower to fluidize the particles. Gradually increase the air velocity until fluidization is
achieved, where the solid particles are suspended and begin to move freely, resembling a boiling liquid.
3. Turn on the heater and adjust the temperature to the desired set point (usually between 40°C and 80°C
depending on the type of particles). Measure the initial temperature of the drying medium (air).
4. Weigh the solid particles at regular time intervals (e.g., every 5 minutes) using the weighing balance to
track the loss of moisture. Ensure to stop the fluidization before taking measurements and restart after
each weighing.
5. Continue fluidizing and drying the particles until the weight change becomes negligible, indicating that
the equilibrium moisture content has been reached.
6. Record the mass of the particles, temperature, and time for each interval in a tabular form.
Observations:
Create a table to note down:
- Time (minutes)
- Weight of particles (g)
- Temperature (°C)
Time (minutes) Mass of Particles (g) Temperature (°C)

5
10
15
20
Calculations:
Moisture Content:
Moisture content at any point can be determined using:
Moisture Content (X) = Winitial – Wfinal

Wdry solids
Drying Rate:
The drying rate can be calculated by determining the weight loss of the material over time. It can be
expressed as:
Drying Rate = ∆W
∆t
Result:
Precautions:
1. Ensure that the air velocity is kept just enough to fluidize the particles without blowing them out of the
bed.
2. Avoid overheating the particles, as it may affect the drying process or damage the material.
3. Handle the apparatus carefully to avoid any accidents or incorrect measurements.

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A LABORATORY MANUAL

Department of Chemical Engineering

Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jhansi (U.P.)

Roll No.: ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Year & Semester: .…………………………………………………………………………………………

1. To Determine the Gas-phase mass-transfer coefficient in wetted wall column

2. To Determine the diffusion co-efficient of an organic vapor (naphthalene) in air.

3. To estimate the Solid liquid mass-transfer coefficient for dissolution of benzoic

5. To study flooding and loading characteristic of Packed bed absorption column

6. To study working and operation of the cooling tower

7. To study the fluidized bed drying

9. To find out crystal yield in batch crystallizer

10. To study crystallization operation using open pan Crystallizer

Moisture content at any time can be calculated as:

Moisture Content (X) = Winitial – Wfinal

Create a table to note down:

- Weight of particles (g)

Time (minutes) Mass of Particles (g) Temperature (°C)

Moisture content at any point can be determined using:

Moisture Content (X) = Winitial – Wfinal

3. Handle the apparatus carefully to avoid any accidents or incorrect measurements.

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