CHAPTER 4

SIMPLE EQUATION

Compendium

A. Game of mind reading

B. What is Variable?
C. Recap of What we know
I. What is Algebraic expression?
II. What is an equation?
III. Solution of an equation
D. How to Solve simple equation
I. Rule 1
II. Master the concept of Rule 1
III. Rule 2
IV. Master the concept Rule 2
V. Rule 3
VI. Master the concept of Rule 3
E. Application of simple equation
I. Keyword 1
II. Keyword 2
III. Keyword 3
F. Bird’s-eye view
G. Solved examples
H. Practice yourself
I. Solutions

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A. Game of mind reading

To understand What a variable is let’s try a game on Mind Reading.

Learning about simple equations can make us Mind Reader.
Do you think it’s a lie?
Let's play a game.
Step 1: Think of a number
Step 2: Make twice of that Number
Step 3: Add 2 to the result in Step 2
Step 4: Make half of what you get in Step 3
Tell me your answer.
You know now I will subtract 1 from that and I get number you
thought right!!?
Wondering how I did that?
Let’s revisit basics of algebra.
We will discuss this game in topic Solution of an equation.

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B. What is a variable?

Variable is a number whose value is unknown.

Generally we represent variable by alphabets a , b , c , d , e and so on.
Most of the times we use ′ 𝑥 ′ as a variable.
Let’s try to understand above statement.
Statement 1: If I say Add ‘2’ to ‘3’
We write above statement 1 as : 2 + 3 Easy Right?
Statement 2: But What if I say Add some number to 3
Now above statement 2 looks incomplete Right?
Now variable will help us to make this statement incomplete.

How?
Just think of some number as variable and assign number ' 𝑥 '
We can use any alphabet for a variable generally you will find ' 𝑥 '
We can write statement 2 as: 𝑥 + 3
This is how we build algebraic expression using variables.

C. Recap
(i) What is algebraic expression?
A statement made using variable, constant and Arithmetic operators.
What are constants?
Simply numbers because they don’t change.
Arithmetic Operators?
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division are all arithmetic
operators.
In the statement 𝑥 + 3
"𝑥" is the variable.

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“+” is arithmetic operator
“3” is constant
In the Statement add twice of a number to 3
Represented as : 2𝑥 + 3
"𝑥 " is the variable.
“ + ” is arithmetic operator
“ 3 ” & “ 2 ” are constants.

Checkpoint - 1

Make statement using variable for below statements:

1. Twice of a number added to 5
2. Subtract 5 from 6 times of a number
3. One third of a number added to 4
4. Subtract 8 times of a number from 2

(ii) What is an Equation?

When we add condition to a statement
Let’s try one problem
If I say adding 3 to an unknown number of results 5
We represent above condition as:
𝑥 + 3 = 5; Right ??
An equation is a method of representing condition on the variable.

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Try and learn

Represent below statements as condition on variable:

Example 1: Adding 3 to one-fourth of a numbers results 81.
𝑥
Sol. + 3 = 81
4

Example 2: Twice of a number subtracted from 3 is equal to half of the

number added to 5.
𝑥
Sol. 3 - 2𝑥 = 5 +
2

Checkpoint - 2

Represent below statements as condition on variable:

1. Sum of twice the number added to 8 results 11.
2. Sum of a number and its reciprocal is 4
3. Sum of One eighth of a number and one fourth of a number is 9.
4. 3 subtracted from eight times of a numbers is equal to 4 added to
thrice of the number.

D. Solution of an equation
Value of the variable which makes LHS = RHS
Let’s try with one equation 𝑥 + 3 = 5;
What value of 𝑥 makes LHS = RHS?
𝑥 = 2 right? Because when 𝑥=2
LHS: 𝑥 + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5, RHS : 5
Value of variable which makes LHS = RHS is ‘2’
So ‘2’ is the solution of above equation.
You remember mind reading game?

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Let’s understand how it worked.
Let's say you thought about the number " 𝑥 "
Now, twice of that “2𝑥 ” Right?
Now, add 2 to that “2𝑥 + 2”
1
Now, half of that (2𝑥 +2)
2
1
⇒ × 2(𝑥 +1)
2

⇒ (𝑥 +1) [Algebraic expression]

Example: Let's say you thought a number and answered me after all
the operation you get 5.
Now, I will do
𝑥 + 1 = 5 [Algebraic equation] to know your number “4” and
That’s also called solution (𝑥 = 4) of the equation.
There are many methods to solve simple equations
One you already know is Hit and Trial Method
Let’s take an example: 𝑥 + 2 = 7
We check with different values of 𝑥
The values of 𝒙 which makes LHS = RHS is called Solution

𝑥 𝑥 +2=7 Condition Satisfied? Yes/No

1 1+2≠7 No

2 2+2≠7 No

3 3+2≠7 No

4 4+2≠7 No

5 5+2=7 Yes

6 6+2≠7 No

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In above equation 𝑥 = 5 is the solution.
But we cannot use this method because its long and it’s tough to
check with all value. So, we will learn three rules to solve all simple
equation.

Checkpoint - 3

Try to find the which equation

𝑥 = 1 or 2 or 3 as the solution:
(1) 𝑥 + 1 = 5 (2) 𝑥 + 1 = 4 (3) 2𝑥 + 1 = 5
(4) 3𝑥 - 1 = 2 (5) 𝑥 - 5 = -2 (6) 𝑥 - 5 = -3

E. How to solve simple equations

Three rules to remember to solve any simple equation.
A. Rule 1:
Consider equality
8–3=4+1
Let's Play with this equality.

(i) If I add 2 on both sides (LHS & RHS)

8–3+2=4+1+2
Equality Still holds Right?
Rule 1: If we add the same number on both sides of an equality, it still
holds.
How to use?
Find x: 𝑥 -1 = 2
⇒ 𝑥 – 1 + 1 = 2 + 1[Adding 2 on both sides]
⇒ 𝑥 = 3 is the solution

C
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Because,
LHS: 3 – 1 [when 𝑥 = 3]
RHS: 2
⇒ 𝑥 = 3 is the correct solution.

(ii) Master the concept of Rule 1:

You can also remember Rule 1 if we take anything from one side to
other (i.e. form LHS to RHS or vice versa) the sign will get reversed.
Let's do a few examples to clarify this:
Ques 1. Find 𝑥:
(a) 𝑥 – 1 = 2
Let’s Solve:
𝑥–1=2
Method 1: Taking one to another side
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 + 1 [sign of 1 will reverse]
⇒ 𝑥 =3
Method 2: Taking 𝑥 & 2 to other side
⇒ - 1 – 2 = - 𝑥 [sign of 2 and x reverse]
⇒ -3=-𝑥
⇒ 3=𝑥
Method 3: Use Rule 1
⇒ 𝑥 -1 + 1 = 2 + 1
⇒ 𝑥 -1 + 1 = 2 + 1
⇒ 𝑥=3

Checkpoint - 4

Solve Simple equations:

(a) 𝑥 – 1 = -1 (b) 𝑥 - 4 = -1

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(c) 𝑥 – 2 = 0 (d) 𝑥 – 4 = 4
(e) 𝑥 – 2 = -3

(iii) Rule 2:
Consider equality
8–3=4+1
Let’s Play with this equality

If I subtract 2 on both sides (LHS & RHS)

8–3-2=4+1-2
Equality Still holds Right?
Rule 1: If we subtract the same number on both sides of an equality, it
still holds.
How to use?
Find x: 𝑥+1=2
⇒ 𝑥 – 1 + 1 = 2 – 1 [Subtracting 1 on both sides]
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 is the solution
Because
C
LHS: 1 + 1 [when 𝑥 = 1]
RHS: 2
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 is the correct solution.
(iv) Master the concept of rule 2:
You can also remember Rule 2 if we take anything from one side to
other (i.e. form LHS to RHS or vice versa) the sign will get reversed.
Let’s do few examples to clarify this:
Ques 1. Find x:
𝑥+3=2
Let’s Solve:
𝑥 +3=2

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Method 1: Taking one to other side
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 - 3 [sign of 3 will reverse]
⇒ 𝑥 = -1
Method 2: Taking x & 2 to other side
⇒ 3 – 2 = - 𝑥 [sign of 3 and x will reverse]
⇒ 1=-𝑥
⇒ -1 = 𝑥
Method 3: Use Rule 2
⇒ 𝑥+3-3=2-3
⇒ 𝑥 = -1
⇒ 𝑥 = -1

Checkpoint - 5

Solve Simple equations:

(a) 𝑥 + 1 = -1 (b) 𝑥 + 4 = -1
(c) 𝑥 +9 = 0 (d) 𝑥 +1 = 1
(e) 𝑥 + 5 = 2

(V). Rule 3:
Consider equality
8–3=4+1
Let’s Play with this equality

If I multiply 2 on both sides (LHS & RHS)

2 × (8 – 3) = 2 × (4 + 1)
Equality Still holds Right?

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Rule 1: If we multiply the same non-zero number on both sides of an
equality, it still holds, and same holds for the division.
How to use?
Find x: 2𝑥 = 4
1 1
⇒ × 2𝑥 =4 × [Multiplying 1 on both sides]
2 2

⇒ 𝑥 = 2 is the solution
Let’s Check:
LHS: 2 × 2 = 4 [when 𝑥 = 2]
RHS: 2
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 is the correct solution.
VI. Master the concept of rule 3:
If a variable is multiplied with a number then on taking number other
side goes to the denominator. Let's do a few examples to clarify this:
Ques 1. Find 𝑥:
(a) 2 𝑥 = 6
(b) 2𝑥 + 4 = 8
Let’s Solve:
(a) 2𝑥 = 6
6
⇒ 𝑥=
2

⇒ 𝑥 =3
(b) 2𝑥 + 4 = 8
⇒ 2𝑥 + 4 = 8
⇒ 2𝑥 = 8 – 4 [Taking 4 on other side]
⇒ 2𝑥 = 4
4
⇒ 𝑥 = [2 goes to denominator]
2

⇒ 𝑥=2

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Checkpoint - 6

Solve Simple equations:

(a)2𝑥 - 2 = 6 (b)2𝑥 + 4 = 5
(c)3𝑥 -3 = 9 (d)4𝑥 -1 = 3
(e)3𝑥 + 2 = 11

Try and learn

Example 4: Solve for 𝑥

𝑥 2
(a)2𝑥 +4=2 (b) 3𝑥 +3=0 (c) 5𝑥 +1=4 (d) +1=
3 3
Let’s Solve:
(a) 2𝑥 + 4 = 2
⇒2𝑥 =2 - 4 [ sign of 4 will reverse or Rule 2]
⇒2𝑥 = -2
2
⇒𝑥 = - [2 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
2

⇒𝑥 = -1 [solution]
(b) 3𝑥 -3=0
⇒3𝑥 =0+3 [ sign of 3 will reverse or Rule 1]
⇒3𝑥 = 3
3
⇒𝑥 = [3 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
3

⇒𝑥 = 1 [solution]
(c) 5𝑥 + 1 = 4
⇒5𝑥 = 1 - 4 [ sign of 4 will reverse or Rule 2]
⇒5𝑥 = -3
3
⇒𝑥 = - [3 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
5
3
⇒𝑥 = - [solution]
5

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𝑥 2
(d) +1 =
3 3
𝑥 2
⇒ = -1 [ sign of 1 will reverse or Rule 2]
3 3
𝑥 1
⇒ =-
3 3
1x3
⇒𝑥 = - [3 goes in denominator or Rule 3]
3

⇒𝑥 = -1 [solution]
Example 5: The solution for equations
p𝑥 +q=0 where p and q are constants.
Let’s Solve:
⇒ p𝑥 +q=0
⇒ p𝑥 =0-q [sign of q will reverse]
⇒ p𝑥 =-q
q
⇒ 𝑥 =- [p will go in denominator or rule 3]
p

F. Applications of simple equations

We will solve word problems in the application part before we learn
three keywords to solve all application-based questions.
A. Keyword 1
More than, Increased, and age later
Mathematical Operator: ‘+’
Example 6: A number increased by 3 equals 7.
Find the number?
Sol. Let’s take number is ‘𝑥’
⇒Number increased by ‘𝑥 + 3’ [Simple expression]
⇒𝑥+3=7 [Simple equations]
⇒𝑥=7–3 [Reversing sign of 3]
⇒𝑥=4 [Solution]

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Checkpoint - 7

(a) A number is equal to ‘7’ increased by 3. Find the number?

(b) A number increased by 4 equals 42. Find the number?
(c) Age of Gabby is 3 more than Sabby's age. If Sabby is 12 find the
age of Gabby.
(d) Area of a square is 16cm2. Find area if the length is increased by 2.
B. Keyword 2
Less than, Decreased, age in past
Mathematical Operator: ‘ – ’
Example 7: Age of Jack is 3 less than John. If the sum of their ages is
27. Find their ages.
Sol. Let’s say John age is ‘𝑥’
⇒ Jack age ‘𝑥 – 3 ‘
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑥 – 3 = 27 [Sum of ages is 27]
⇒ 2𝑥 = 30 ⇒ 𝑥 = 15
⇒ Age: John = 15 & Jack = 12

Checkpoint - 8

(a) Sum of two numbers is 25 if their difference is 5. Find the numbers.

(b) If a number decreased by 2 equals 80. Find the number.
(c) If the ages of two cousins differ by 2 and the sum of their ages is
24. Find the age of younger cousin.
(d) If x decreased by 3 is greater than 24 by 5. Find 𝑥?

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C. Keyword 3
Product, Multiply, Twice, One-third
Mathematical Operator: ‘×’ (Multiply)
Example 8: Sum of my age and twice my age is 15.
How old am I?
Sol. Let’s say my age is ‘𝑥’
⇒ Twice of my age = ‘2𝑥’
⇒ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 15 [Sum of age and twice is 15]
⇒ 3𝑥 = 15
⇒ 𝑥 =5 [I am 5 years old!]

Checkpoint - 9

(a) If the length of a rectangle is twice its breadth and perimeter is

54cm. Find the length of the rectangle.
(b) One-third of a number is 4 times of 2. Find the number.
(c) If one-third of a number added to twice of a number equals 7. Find
the number?
(d) Twice what number is 4 more than 2.

Bird’s-eye view
Variables and expression
Variable is a quantity that can value, its value is not fixed. It is a symbol
for a number whose value is unknown yet.
Expression are formed by performing operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division on the variable.
Example: 6𝑥-3 is an expression in variable 𝑥.

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Algebraic equation
An equation is a condition on a variable such that two expressions
in the variable should have equal value.
Example: 8𝑥 − 8 = 16 is an equation.
The value of the variable in an equation for which the equation is
satisfied is called the solution of the equation.
Example: The solution for the equation 2𝑥 − 3 = 5 is 𝑥 =4.
Solving an equation
Solving an equation involves performing the same operations on
the expressions on either side of the “=” sign so that the value of the
variable is found without disturbing the balance.
Example: Solve 2𝑥 +4=10
Consider 2𝑥 +4=10
⇒2𝑥 + 4 - 4= 10 - 4 [Subtracting 4 from both LHS and RSH] ⇒2𝑥=6
⇒ 2 × 𝑥 = 6 [Dividing both LHS and RHS by 2] ⇒𝑥 = 3

Methods of solving an equation

Method:Transposing 1:
Performing the same operations on the expressions on either side of
the “=” sign so that the value of the variable is found without
disturbing the balance.
Operations involve Adding, Subtracting, multiplying on both sides.
Example: 𝑥 +2=6
⇒LHS:𝑥 + 2 - 2 = 6 - 2
⇒RHS: 6-2=4
But LHS=RHS
⇒𝑥 =4

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Method 2: Moving terms
It involves moving the terms to one side of the equation to find out
the value of the variable.
When terms move from one side to another they change their sign.
Example: 𝑥 +2=6
⇒𝑥 = 6 - 2
⇒𝑥 =4
Applying equations
Forming equation from solution
Given a solution, many equations can be constructed.
Example: Given Solution: 𝑥 =3
Multiply both sides by 4,
⇒4𝑥 =4×3
Add -5 to both sides,
⇒4𝑥 -5=12-5
⇒4𝑥 -5=7
Similarly, more equations can be constructed.

Solved examples

Example 9: If the sum of two given numbers is 30 and their ratio is

2/3 then find the numbers.
Let’s Solve
⇒Let' s say one number is 𝑥
⇒Other number(y)=30-𝑥[because sum of numbers is 30]
𝑥 2
⇒Ratio of number= = [ Given]
y 3
𝑥 2
⇒Ratio of number= =
30-𝑥 3

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⇒3𝑥=2(30-𝑥) [ cross-multiplying]
⇒3𝑥=60-2𝑥
⇒5𝑥=60
60
⇒𝑥=
5

⇒𝑥=12
⇒Numbers are 𝑥 and 30-𝑥 i.e 12 & 18 Ans.

Example 10: The present of Sita's father is three times the present
age of Sita. After six years the sum of their ages will be 64 years. Find
their present ages.
Let’s Solve
⇒Let^' s say present age of sita is 𝑥
⇒Present age of father=3𝑥
⇒Sita age after 6 years= 𝑥+6
⇒Father age after 6 years=3𝑥+6
⇒ 𝑥+6+3𝑥+6 =69 [ sum of their ages after 6 years given]
⇒4𝑥+12 =69
⇒4𝑥 =64-12
⇒4𝑥=52
⇒ 𝑥=52/4
⇒ 𝑥=13 [ Present age of sita]

Example 11: Check whether the linear equation 3𝑥+5=11 is true for 𝑥 =
2.
Solution: Given that 3𝑥+5=11
For 𝑥 =2, we get
LHS =3×2+5=6+5=11
LHS = RHS = 11

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Hence, the given equation is true for 𝑥 = 2
3𝑥 2𝑥+5 5
Question 4. Solve - =
4 3 2
3𝑥 2𝑥+5 5
Solution: We have - =
4 3 2

LCM of 2, 3 and 4 =12

3𝑥 2𝑥+5 5
∴ ×12- ×12= ×12
4 3 2

(Multiplying both sides by 12)

⇒3𝑥×3-(2𝑥+5)×4=5×6
⇒9𝑥-8𝑥-20=30 (solving the bracket)
⇒𝑥-20=30
⇒𝑥=30+20 (Transposing 20 to RHS)
⇒𝑥=50
Hence 𝑥 = 50 is the required solution.

Example 12: The sum of two numbers is 11 and their difference is 5.

Find the numbers.
Solution: Let one of the two numbers be 𝑥.
Other number = 11 – 𝑥.
As per the conditions, we have
𝑥-(11-𝑥)=5
⇒ 𝑥 -11+ 𝑥 =5 (Solving the bracket)
⇒2𝑥 -11=5
⇒2𝑥 =5+11 (Transposing 11 to RHS)
⇒2𝑥=16
⇒ 𝑥=8
Hence the required numbers are 8 and 11 – 8 = 3.

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2
Example 13: The breadth of a rectangular is of its length. If its
3

perimeter is 40 m, find its dimensions.

Solution:
Let the length of the garden be 𝑥 m
2
Its breadth = 𝑥 m
3

Perimeter = 2 [ length + breadth]

2
2 (𝑥+ 𝑥) =40
3
4
⇒2𝑥+ 𝑥=40 (Solving the bracket)
3
4
⇒3×2𝑥+3× 𝑥=3×40 (multiplying both sides by 3)
3

⇒6𝑥+4𝑥=120
⇒10𝑥=120
120
∴𝑥= =12
10
2 2
∴ Length = 12 m and breadth 𝑥=12× =8m.
3 3

7𝑥+14 17-3𝑥 4𝑥+2

Question 14. - =6𝑥- -5
3 5 3
7𝑥+14 17-3𝑥 4𝑥+2
Solution: We have - =6𝑥- -5
3 5 3

LCM of 3 and 5 is 15
(Multiplying both sides by 15)

7𝑥+14 17-3𝑥 4𝑥+2

×15- ×15 = 6𝑥×15- ×15-5×15
3 5 3

⇒(7𝑥+14)×5-(17-3𝑥)×3 = 90𝑥 -(4𝑥+2)×5-75

⇒35𝑥+70-51+9𝑥=90𝑥-20𝑥-10-75 (Solving the brackets)
⇒44𝑥+19=70𝑥-85
⇒44𝑥-70𝑥=-85-19
(Transposing 70𝑥 to LHS and 19 to RHS)

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⇒-26𝑥=-104
-104
∴𝑥= =4
-26

Hence 𝑥 = 4 is the required number.

Example 15: Meer’s mother is four times as old as Meera. After five
years, her mother will be three times as old as she will be them. What
are their present ages?
Solution: Let present age of Meera be 𝑥 years.
Then the present age of Meera’s mother = 4𝑥 years.
Meera’s age after five years =(𝑥+5)years.
Meera’s mother age after five years =(4𝑥+5)years.
By the given condition, we have:
4𝑥+5=3(𝑥+5)
4𝑥+5=3𝑥+15
4𝑥-3𝑥=15-5 (Transposing 3𝑥 and 5)
𝑥=10
Thus, age of Meera = 10 years and that of Meera’s mother
=4×10=40years.

Example 16: Three prizes are to be distributed in a quiz contest. The

value of the 2nd prize is five-sixths the value of the first prize and the
value of the third prize is four-fifths that of the 2nd prize. If the total
value of the three prizes is Rs. 150, find the value of each prize.
Solution: let the value of first prize be Rs. 𝑥.
5
Then, the value of the second prize will be Rs. 𝑥 and the value of the
6
4 5 2
third prize will be Rs ( 𝑥) =Rs. 𝑥
5 6 3

By the given condition, we have:

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5 2
𝑥+ 𝑥+ 𝑥=150
6 3
5 2
6× (𝑥+ 𝑥+ 𝑥) =6×150 (multiplying bothe sides by 6)
6 3

6𝑥+5𝑥+4𝑥=900
15𝑥=900
15𝑥 900
= (Dividinig by 15 on both sides)
15 15

𝑥 = 60
Thus, the value of first prize = Rs. 60,
5
Second prize =Rs. (60)=Rs.5×10=Rs.50.
6
2
And third prize =Rs. (60)=Rs.40
3

Example 17: Solve for 𝑥.

(i) 3𝑥 -5=𝑥+5
(ii) 9𝑥-3=7𝑥+3
(iii) ((3𝑥+2))/((2𝑥-3) )=8
(iv) ((3𝑥-8))/((4𝑥+4) )=9/28
Solution:
(i) 3𝑥-5= 𝑥+5
3𝑥 - 𝑥=5+5
2𝑥=15
𝑥=5
(ii) 9𝑥 -3=7𝑥+3
9𝑥 -7𝑥 =3+3
2𝑥=6
𝑥=3
(ii) ((3𝑥+2))/((2𝑥-3) )=8
3𝑥+2=8(2𝑥 -3)

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2𝑥+2=16𝑥-24
3𝑥 -16𝑥=-24-2
-13𝑥=-26
𝑥=2
(iv) ((3𝑥 -8))/((4𝑥 +4) )=9/28
28(3𝑥 -8)=9(4𝑥+4)
84𝑥 -224=36𝑥+36
84𝑥-36𝑥 =36+224
48𝑥 =260
𝑥=65/12

Example 18: In a student’s hostel, one third of the total number of girls
and four more take vegetarian food only, one fourth and three more
take non-vegetarian food only. The other 103 take both vegetarian and
non-vegetarian food. How many girls are there in the hostel?
Solution: Let the total number of girls be 𝑥.
1
No. of girls who take vegetarian food only = 𝑥+4
3
1
No. of girls who take non-vegetarian food only = 𝑥+3
4

No. of girls who take both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food = 103.
By the given condition.
1 1
𝑥+4+ 𝑥+3+103=𝑥
3 4
1 1
𝑥+ 𝑥-𝑥+110=0
3 4

Multiply throughout by 12,

4𝑥+3𝑥 -12𝑥+1320=0
-5𝑥+1320=0
-5𝑥=-1320

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 CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
𝑥=1320/5
𝑥=264
∴ There are 264 girls in the hostel.

Example 19: If k+7=10, find the value of 9k-50.

Solution: k+7=10
⇒k=10-7=3
Put k = 3 in 9k – 50, we get
9×3-50=27-50=-23
Thus the value of k = -23

Example 20: Seven times a number is 12 less than thirteen times the
same number. Find the number.
Solution: Let the required number be x.
7𝑥=13𝑥 -12
⇒7𝑥 -13𝑥=-12 (Transposing 13x to LHS)
⇒-6𝑥=-12
⇒ 𝑥=2
Thus, the required number is 2.

Example 21: A man travelled two fifth of his journey by train, one-
third by bus, one-fourth by car and the remaining 3 km on foot. What
is the length of his total journey? [NCERT exemplar]
Solution: Let the total length of total journey be 𝑥 km.
2
Distance travelled by train = 𝑥 km
3
1
Distance travelled by bus = 𝑥 km
3
1
Distance travelled by car = 𝑥 km
4

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CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
Remaining distance = 3 km
As per the question, we have
𝑥 =2/5 𝑥+1/3 𝑥+1/4 𝑥 +3
⇒ 𝑥-2/5 𝑥-1/3 𝑥 -1/4 𝑥 =3
⇒(60𝑥-24𝑥-20𝑥-15𝑥)/60=3
[LCM of 5, 3 and 4 = 60]
⇒(60𝑥-59𝑥)/60=3
⇒ 𝑥/60=3
⇒ 𝑥 =3×60=180km
Thus, the required journey = 180 km.

Example 22: Each of the 2 equal sides of an isosceles triangles is twice

as large as the third side. If the perimeter of the triangle is 30 cm, find
the length of each side of the triangle. [NCERT exemplar]
Solution: Let the length of the third side be 𝑥 cm.
Each equal side = 2𝑥 cm.
As per the condition of the question, we have
Perimeter =𝑥+2𝑥+2𝑥=30
⇒5𝑥=30
⇒𝑥=60
Thus, the third side of the triangle = 6 cm
And other two equal sides are 2×6=12cm each

Example 23: Ram’s father is 3 times as old as his son Ram. After 15
Years, he will be twice the age of his son. Form an equation and solve
it. Solution: Let Ram’s age be 𝑥.
⇒ His father’s age is 3𝑥.
After 15 years: 3𝑥+15=2(𝑥+15)

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 CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
On solving,
3𝑥 +15=2𝑥 +30
3𝑥 -2𝑥 =30-15
𝑥 =15
∴ Ram’s age is 15 and his dad’s age is 45.

Very Short Answer Type (each carries one mark)

1. Make equations for given statements:
(a) 4 less from thrice a number m is 14.
(b) A number 𝑥 divided by 4 gives 3.
(c) 7 less than a number 𝑥 is 4.
(d) Four fifths of a number is greater than three fourth of the
number by 4.
(e) 𝑥 exceeds 3 by 7
2. Fill in the blanks :
(a) The value of the variable which makes the equations a true
statement is called the____________ of the equation.
(b) Any term of an equation may be taken from one side to the other
with a change in its sign. This process is
called_________________.
(c) An__________________ is a statement of equality which contains
one or more unknown variables.
(d) Without changing the equality, we may _______________the same
quantity to both side of the equation.

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CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
3. True or false
(i) p = 3 is a root of the equation 4p-3=13.
(ii) The equation representing the statement “15 less than three times
a number gives 3” is 15-3𝑥=3.
y
(iii) If 𝑥-1=9 and 3y=9, then =0.3.
𝑥

(iv) If 4𝑥-9=11+2𝑥, then 𝑥=1.

(v) 𝑥-6=-6 has a solution in natural numbers.
4. Multiple Choice Questions
1. If 9𝑥+4=31 , then 𝑥 equals
35 124
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) -3
7 9

2. The value of p for which the expressions p-15=13-6p is

2 2
(a) (b) 4 (c) - (d) -4
5 7
𝑥
3. If =1, then find the sum of the values of 3𝑥 + 4 and 𝑥 + 5
-2

(a) 0 (b) 12 (c) 17 (d) 1

4. If 6.2a = 0.0124, then a equals
(a) 0.2 (b) 20 (c) 0.002 (d) 0.02
5. The equation having the root -5 is
a
(a) 5t-15=-10 (b) +3=2 (c) 3(n+2)=21 (d) 7𝑥-18=𝑥+12
5

Short Answer Type (Each carries two marks)

5. Solve the equations:
(a) 3(𝑥 -1)+7=11 (b) 14=7𝑥/10-8
(c) ((𝑥 -3))/5-2=-1 (d) 20-(2𝑥 -5)=25
(e) ((y-7))/3-1=0 (f) m/4-7=3
(g) 3z+11=41 (h) 4(𝑥+1)=16
(i) 2𝑥 +1/4=7/4 (j)4(𝑥+1)=4

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 CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
Subjective Type Questions:
1. When we divide a number by 8, the result is -3. The number is
2 3
2. c-2=5- c. Find c =?
5 5

3. After 18 years, Swarnima will be 4 times as old as he is now. What

is her present age?
4. Convert the statement Adding 15 to 4 times 𝒙 is 39 into an
equation.
3𝒙-8
5. Solve. = 1.
2𝒙
5𝒙
6. Solve. =2
2𝒙-1
2𝒙-3 1
7. Solve =
4𝒙+5 3

Short Answer Type (Each carries three marks)

8. Find the solution for following equation:
(i) 5𝑥+2=3𝑥+12 (ii) 6y-9=2y+15 (iii) 2𝑥-3=9-𝑥
(iv) 2a-5=8a+1 (v) b+3=33-b (vi) 1.9x+3.6=2.5x+3
9. Find the solution for following equation :
(i) 6𝒙+14=16 (ii) 7+5𝒙 -3x=21 (iii) 1.2𝒙+4.8𝒙=18
(iv) 6(5𝒙-2)+12=30 (v) 7(𝒙 -4)+13=6 (vi) 5(6𝒙+1)=3(-8+𝒙)+2
(vii) 4-4(𝒙-5)=2(2- 𝒙)-6 (viii) 10y-0.2(7-y)=19
(ix) (12- 𝒙)/5= 𝒙

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CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
Long Answer Type (Each carries four marks)
10. The sum of Ritu's age and Ashu's age is 25. Ritu is 12 years old. Write
an equation to find Ashu's age.
11. A number decreased by 4 is equal to - 6. Find the number.
12. 7 times a number decreased by 3 equals 18. Find the number.
13. One-fifth of a number is 9. Find the number.
14. How old is Ramesh, if 10 years ago he was 25 years old?
15. Apoorv received three-fourths of all votes cast in the election for
school president. If he received 876 Votes, how many students
voted?
16. After gaining 15 kg, Nisha weighs 60 kg. What was her previous
weight?
17. A pole x metres long is. broken into two parts. One part is 5 metres
long.
(i) What Is the length of the other part?
(ii)If the other part is 6metreslong,write an equation and use it to
find the value of x.
18. The teacher tells the class that the highest marks obtained by a
student in her class is three times the
19. lowest marks minus seven. If the highest marks are 86, find the
lowest marks.
20. Benny thinks of a number, subtracts 18 from it and divides the
difference by 3. The result is - 4. What is the number?
21. Mr Grover is three times as old as his son and the sum of their ages
is 48. How old is each?
22. Sunil is 48 years old. He is 7 years less than 5 times his daughter's
age. What is his daughter's age?

29
 CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
23. A number is 6 more than two times another number. The sum of
the two numbers is 24. Find the numbers.
24. Four times Sonu's age decreased by 3 is equal to 3 times his age
increased by 7. How old is Sonu?
25. Find three consecutive numbers whose sum is 81.

1. The denominator of a certain rational number is greater than the

numerator by 10. If the numerator is increased by 1 the and
denominator is decreased by 1, then the expression for the new
denominator is?
8 5
2. Solve: =
𝒙 𝒙-1
5(1-𝒙)+3(1+𝒙)
3. Solve: =8
1-2𝒙
0.2𝒙+5 2
4. Solve: =
3.5𝒙-3 5
y-(4-3y) 1
5. Solve: =
2y-(3+4y) 5
𝒙 𝒙-1
6. Solve: =
5 6

7. Solve: 0.4 (3𝑥 – 1) = 0.5𝑥 + 1

8. Solve: 8𝒙 – 7 – 3𝒙 = 6𝒙 – 2𝒙 – 3
𝑥 1 1 1 1
9. Solve : - (𝑥- ) = (𝑥+1)+
2 4 3 6 12
𝒙-2 𝒙-1
10. Solve 3𝒙- =4-
3 4
3t+5 4t-3
11. Find t: - 1=
4 5
2y-3 3y-5 3
12. Find t: - =y+
4 2 4

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CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
3t-2 2t+3 7
13. Find t: - =t+
3 2 6
m-1 m-2
14. Solve: m- =1-
2 3

15. Solve: 4 (3p + 2) – 5(6p – 1) = 2 (p – 8) – 6 (7p – 4)

16. Solve: 3 (5𝒙 – 7) + 2 (9𝒙 – 11) = 4 (8𝒙 – 7) – 111
17. Radhika takes some flowers in her basket and visits three temples
one by one. At each temple, she offers half of the flowers from the
basket. If in the end she is left with 3 flowers, then find the number
of flowers she had in the beginning.
18. Rs. 13,500 are to be distributed among Sadia, Karan and Lucy in
such a way that Sadia gets Rs. 1000 more than Karan and Lucy
gets Rs. 500 more than Karan. Find the money received by karan.
19. The total volume of water in a certain tank is twice of that in the
other tank. If we take out 25 litres from the first tank and add it to
the other tank, the volumes of the water in each tank will become
the same. Find the volume of water in each tank.
20. Aditi and Arshia are friends. They have an equal amount of money
1
in their pockets. Aditi gave of her money to Arshia as her birthday
3

gift. Then Arshia gave a party at a restaurant and cleared the bill
by paying half of the total money with her. If the remaining money
in Arshia's pocket is Rs. 1600, find the sum gifted by Aditi.
21. Kaustubh had 60 flowers. He offered some flowers in a temple and
found that the ratio of the number of remaining flowers to that of
flowers in the beginning is 3:5. Find the number of flowers offered
by him in the temple.
22. The sum of three consecutive even natural numbers is 48. Find the
greatest of these numbers.

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 CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
23. The sum of three consecutive odd natural numbers is 69. Find
the prime number out of these numbers.
24. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 156. Find the number
which is a multiple of 13 out of these numbers.
25. Find a number whose fifth part increased by 30 is equal to its
fourth part decreased by 30.
2
26. Divide 54 into two parts such that one part is of the other.
7

27. Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 11. The given number
is less than the number obtained by interchanging the digits by
9. Find the number.
28. Two equal sides of a triangle are each 4m less than three times
the third side. Find the dimensions of the triangle. if its perimeter
is 55m.
29. After 12 years, Kanwar shall be 3 times as old as he was 4 years
ago. Find his present age.

Solutions

Checkpoint 1
1) 2𝒙+5
2) 6𝒙-5
𝒙
3) +4
3

4) 2-8𝒙
Checkpoint 2
1) 2𝒙 +8=11
2) 𝒙 +1/𝒙 =4
3) 𝒙/8+ 𝒙/4=9

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CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION
4) 8-3=4+3𝒙
Checkpoint 3
All excluding first have solution from one of them 𝒙=1 or 2 or 3
Checkpoint 4
(a)0 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 8 (e) -1
Checkpoint 5
(a)-2 (b) -5 (c) -9 (d) 0 (e) -3
Checkpoint 6
(a)4 (b) ½ (c)4 (d) 1 (e) 3
Checkpoint 7
(a)3 (b) 38 (c) 15 (d) 36
Checkpoint 8
(a)15,10 (b) 82 (c)11 (d) 32
Checkpoint 9
(a)162 (b) 24 (c)3 (d) 3

Novice level
1. Make the equation from the statement
(a) 3m-4=14 (b) 𝒙/4=3
(c) 𝒙 -7=4 (d) 4𝒙/5- 3𝒙/4=4
(e) 𝒙-3=7
2. Fill in the blanks
(a) Solution (b) Transposing
(c) Equation (d) Add , subtract & divide
3. True or False
(i) F (ii) F (iii) T (iv) F (v) F

33
 CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION

4. Multiple Choice Questions:

(1).c (2).b (3).d (4). d (5).b

Short Answer Type / 2 mark

1. Solve the equation
(a)7/3 (b) 220/7 (c) 8 (d) 0
(e) 10 (f) 40 (g) 10 (h) 3
(i) ¾ (j) 0
2. Subjective Question
(1) 24 (2) 7 (3)6 (4) 15 + 4x = 39
(5) 8 (6) -2 (7)

Short Answer Type / 3 mark

1.
(i) 5 (ii) 6 (iii) 4 (iv) 1
(v) 15 (vi) 1
2.
(i) 1/3 (ii) 7 (iii) 3 (iv) 1 (v) 3
(vi) -1 (vii) -13 (viii) 2 (ix) 2

4 Marks Question
(1) Age 13 (2)-2 (3) 3 (4) 45 (5)35
(6)1168 (7) 45 (8) 5-x , 5-x = 6 (9) 31 (10)6
(11) 12,36 (12) 1113) 6 (14) 10 (15)2

34
CHAPTER 4
SIMPLE EQUATION

Advanced level
(1) x + 9 (2) 8/3 (3)0 (4) 31/6 (5)17/22
(6) -5 (7) 2 (8) 4 (9) 2 (10) 43/35
(11) 17 (12) ½ (13) -10/3 (14) 7/5 (15) 5/32
(16) -96 (17)24 (18) 4300 (19) 100,50 (20) 800
(21) 24 (22) 18 (23) 23 (24) 52 (25) 1200
(26)42 (27) 56 (28) 9 (29)12

END

35