SimpleHarmonic Motion

Periodic Motion when a particle repeats its path at fined time intervals
then its motion is called Periodic Motion
egUniform circular Motion
Oscillatory Motion It is a periodic motion in which particle moves to and
fro about a fixed point then it is termed as oscillatory
motion eg vibration simple Pendulum spring mass
F 0
As Amplitude
a tree Right
D 1I Max
a sv 0
s
ne left
re 1 E trek A
Extreme a Extreme

RA EE
K A Mean Oneoscillation
Equilm
position distancetravelled in one
stableEam completeoscillation 4A

H J
condition of oscillation

IS IIT
when Particle is slightly displaced from stable Eam
there must a force acting on it which tries to bring it towards Eam such
force is known as Restoring force
x the
MR i
Free hence Fees x un's
so a
IT O
i the Fres m odd
n
ve Mean re
L 3,5
H SF

4 0

oscillations correspond
Fres x k to n L iscalled
ing
ROSIC

Fees KK Condition of SHM SimpleHarmonicMotio

Forceconstant
or SHMconst
BYHY

kinematics of SHM
F Ksc a
_Em Kpk W3c
here
P

w T
fEm 2wI 2tfM
v x x
A ridden win Judie w nd k
ko x A
V2202 w m2 AZ D wjA2_z2
k t
WAL Walt j Let Particle starts at t o
dd K2
K 0
Jjade t O
from KO ie Meanpositi

sine wt a Asin wt
of SHM
NOTE i General Eqn of SHM
x Asin wt 101
Initial Phaseof Particle
Awcos wt whichdependson position of
daf Particle at t o
A Aw Sin wt 101
date

Ii At Mears Position Geo At ExtremePosition Cx A

MaxAw Min O
Amin O Emin Amax F AWL
FMax FKA t Muta

RA EE
Ciii Graphs Aw'sinot
n
Awcoswt
Asin wt ya
IEII7it

H J
a awesinot

IS IIT
T 3T
UK Graph I z
T
gGm7Phh
MR Ziff
O AW
D Wj Al R2
IT O
v2 1 L
H SF

Aw 2 AZ
n a Ellipse A A K
ROSIC

i AWL 7
I a w k o
Aw
i
Oa straight line
t FA n
A l
tano w 62 I
BYHY

i
Auf i Fort
Ellipse
P

Iv Differential Earlof SHM

a wise
d W t O
dz differentialEgh of SHM
The General Sol of above diff ed is x Asin wt 14
v Representation of SHM
Every SHM can be best represented by projection
of a particle on a vertical diameter moving in uniform circular motion
o
AW re Ext
Awcoswt­AwcoEswtt
w.pt t n o e w
a
n iii inane
const n n 4 0 Phase
n awgtowfw.g.io ftp.inih.ae
 A
f to ref ref
K Asin cotto
ve
x Asinwt Ext

Phase of Particle in SHM can

angleinstant be used to locate it at some
particular Also we can find its direction of motion ie
away or towards mean position

eg calculate initial phase Egnof SHM for following cases

a to N A V o of Mz ie k ASin wt A cos wt
Iz

RA EE
b t O K K ne b
Az 5176
ze Asim wt 15ft
t O k 30kaggaizy ref
c Azz D the p

H J
IS IIT
d t O K D re
AIL
to or
I
d
MR or 3
01 431 do Get
IT O
a qy
µ
A
r se Asin wt
17ft
H SF

60 set or
g.in ze Asin wt 4Ig Asin cwt 974
ROSIC

or
ASin wt 21173

eg calculate timetaken by the Particle in terms of T while moving

BYHY

from K O to K A a
2 2
a
Dt
b 2 0 to K A12 I qMzp Ig
P

c Neo to K A e I 12 I
a
I
vz 8
d k A to N Abe 716
a A to K Are 712
2

Goa
zE tff
nn.BIZ

Phase difference between two SHMS

i w Same Alr w
a
 A A tannin q
I I B s
l
z J
ITH DIO 341
KOEB 5I E
2
I A is ahead in Phaseby3g from

B B_w

A12
eg e B
a Ii li a II
s t s 4
A E 7
w Same D same
Aziz

WB't B

RA EE
Azz Dol E
68a
38

H J
Alls mini A

IS IIT
w e

MR
eg 1A
IT O
g E I
tt w Same
a s
I AI 2A
H SF

g1 p the same
e seB S
s
s I
e s
ROSIC

A
2

fpf E Sinygy
BYHY

cnn.IQ
Sint ALAI
a aid
SintLg
P

ii w different
wz
r Dcf wz
quiw WZ
w t
yw.to ywat.gr
o They will beagain in same
f o phase
Dcf 21T wz w t
21T 2
 are 2 w zero thase SS 1a n
t T T2
T Tz
Eg Two Simple Pendulums with Periods 5Secs 6secs starts oscillating
together in same Phase find after how many oscillations of
smaller pendulum they will be in Opp phase

Dfo A
T T2
wz W t it t 256 Issec
Z T Tz
no of oscillations of smaller pendulum 3

RA EE
A Ww lo

H J
IS IIT
N Asim wt 1513
W A 1 2Sec Awcos
2ft dd Wttg
U Max AW
MR 5T Mlsec 51TCos At
SLIfee
t Isee K 5 Sin 512
ring
IT O

D W AL R2
H SF

52h5m1sec

J W 6.28 radlsec
ROSIC

A 10cm
a T 2w Lsec
b Max 0.628 MISec
BYHY

c Amax Aw 2
q d W A 2 m2
P

e t Igsec
Tmz
to
Ig
Aw costz Ad
2
O 314m11sec

A O 1M
1 3 14Sec we 2rad bee
2ft
Fornax MAW 2 2
 2M

How to calculate Time Period in SHM

Step.li Find out Egm position where all the forces acting on block
are balanced and write down egh the applicable
forces among

StepCD Now displace the block from eqm by a distance x and

write expression for restoring forces acting on block

Step iii express the restoring force

Try tofirst proportional to a

using eqn formed

RA EE
Fees KR j T 2
y

H J
mix

IS IIT
eg k kno l
mg
Mlength
I nkH m
Kcrtno my
MR Equism n Fees
n Feds
IT O
v M Kut Heo Mfg
KK
H SF

umg is
T
i
t r 2TfM_
k
ROSIC

n
a
eg now
Ms's'm his
g m Ye kno mgsine
BYHY

SSmooth
Fees KGetno mgsino
Oc Kk
T 2Tfm­K
P

n
eg ao
k Kuo Mao Cis
mg
m t oequilm Frees KCutno Mao
g Mg
ku
T 2Tfm­K

NOTE Hence Time Period mass system is independent of

of a
spring
any other const external force acting on it only Egmposition
 get modred ul d ae e

hi il t
Eg
K Find Time Period of
no small oscillations
Khon n Kuo
ideal 2kW i
221201
my
Khotan nK No 12k
nun minium Equilm 2K No 12k
n
v n
se
Iff E Dm Frcs
Mf

RA EE
Frcs 12kcal 12k my
4km
w

H J
7 2
MI

IS IIT
eg mm
MR eg xq.mx
IT O
k_ K n Find Time Period of
17445nd Time Period of small oscillations
H SF

Small oscillations inulin

242 KI in HM
z
Nz
ROSIC

m n kN
N 4 kz mill
m un 2K Kz
till 41 i
Te 21 KI Kin
BYHY

1914 KIL 4 a

417ft
K 2KzKz Kik
P

CID
a
KzNz Kzkz
v
Kidz

m from 4 Hii
k 2 Nz
Frese Knez 2kz
k N Nz 44,2 1
K 14192
Nz KI
T 21T M K 14152 K 19152
K K2

eg K2
 mm 11 I kcoso yes ce on
K a K smooth horizontal Table
fly Mo man K find Time Period of small
kik oscillations x direction
along
or
KV kzncos.tl
Fees
X r
Q1 kik
ol ma Frees Kise 2 kinase WSO
K 121926520 K
Kzucoso
keg
T 21T
k mzkzcos 0

RA EE
k v to
Find Time period of
eg gi ki s
K2 s oscillations of block
T
Lorna M

H J
smooth

IS IIT
Dtv Iz
g Toptageotidme
ATE ATE12dg
w DN w
rtfm JEK2
a
K
MR
IT O
A12
1 A The block is moved towards left by
H SF

leg I
distance A and then released If
mf i m
is am 1
collisions with the wall are perfectly
s s s s s ye s l
i
p 7112 elastic then find Time period of oscillations
ROSIC

f O 114 M
7 2 My length
ne i I t
Extreme 49
ofT Ah f f t Iz Tz JEM
BYHY

T2

Eg A scm The block is oscillating horizontally

4 o with Amp 5cm when it is passing
P

4 19 100Mlm Vo through mean position another block

g mmmm 1kg Of mass 3kg is kept on it which
sticks to it and then combinedoscillate
Vo Aw 5cm So icon thereafter find New Amplitude
3kgrest
xfE Sec

e 4kg using conservation of linear momentum

50cm 1kg v 1 50 12.5cm Isec
Sec T 4 Xv
Meovelocity
at Egm A'w
12 5 A A 2.5cm
I 13

Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion

 N Asin wt kineticEnergy KE Imr
inwwt WTA
I Afw ke Lzmw4A x
Imu A'cos wt

Relation between conservative restoring force PE

U seek corresponding
F date ku JdU fkkdK
U U K O

U Vo Kk Mw're
U Uo121MWse Uo Mw A Sin2wt

RA EE
peat k o ie MeanPosition
Generally U O

H J
IS IIT
sum of KE and V is always constant in SHM
MOTE i At Mean Position
MR KO
Umin Uo Generally zero ie Umin O
KEma Mw AL Total Mech Energy
IT O

At Extreme Position K IA
H SF

Max Mw AL j kEmin 0

Energy Energy
ROSIC

Total
ii
o
fMuta E
U KE
l 1141 nutini une
CA xD
IzMw're
E U MW
BYHY

ai A't
E N I A
K
A A O LA TA E
E
P

E
Iii If Particle is oscillating with Period T and frequency f then
be oscillating with Period
Uor KE of particle will
frequency Zf
Z and

iv Eq of SHM if Mean position is not at KO

ny No 1N
and Fres must
k Replace K
x be proportional to R which is
EI or always measured from mean
o a
E Position
r xo
Mean F K K i
n Asin wt of Kz
N Not A Sin wt 14 F K N
Kf O No Ke
K
F k Ge Ko
MeanPosition
set
F KN X K hence SHM

B A Particle of mass 2.5kg is moving

along se Axis such that force
acting on it is given by o 4
f 1.6 If particle is released
from N 2.5 at t O then find its egh of Motion
F O 4 N 4 O No 4 ie Mean position
F O 4 N1

RA EE
K SHMconst A 1.5
x x
V o
w hadBec
jkm jg.ge 3 N

H J
n 2.5

IS IIT
K Not A Sin wt of the Mean
Ext xo 4
k 4 1 55in Est
MR E d I
ref
2
IT O
to
H SF
ROSIC

U U I cosan
BYHY

F d
Voto asincere Voa Sinan
n small Sinan an
P

F Voa au Voa K
w 7 25
M­K Voa2

U F No Zay
Aj by dfg 21µg Zz O

Replace U No 1k 2dg set

F 29 2
Gaz 1k 3 2 a 2 gab seyss
x small
 29lb 3 GT3
K
7 2 8m93
b4

Two Body Oscillations

Blocks are moored to compress the
m
Spring then they are released
Em m2
Enos hes't from rest
Ki com of system will remain at rest
e
mi
s
w K2
l mzlo At mon ML
m 1mL Az

RA EE
lz Milo K 1 K Mit m2 T
1ms Ml­m Mz
21T
K
Kz K K Mit M2 T2 zit
M2­M

H J
Kz

IS IIT
MR 7 12 211
1 477,2
2T Reodfuffdo
system

NOTE M A MzAz i
IT O
A Az RMax Max Extension compression ii
H SF

Both Blocks always oscillate in opposite Phase Dcf IT

ROSIC

1 0 bombec rest
eg 2kg k too 3kg Find the time t after start when
mm
e lo s spring is in Max Extension state
BYHY

7 2
fly 21T
gifts Secs
P

M length Max compressed M length Max Extensio

mean Extreme 714 mean Tcg Extreme
az
t 3
3ft 2 Eff fE secs
 my

RA EE
Vet
1 0 v x rot A Cl Coswt
t t
cm Van const

H J
m motmz misnomer ma Xun Vo t Mix MzXz
K

IS IIT
O Vo M Mz
z
Put X rot All cosWH
b
Spring will attain natural length lo
MR xz
when
Xz X do i
IT O
and a 9 0 fspring O
H SF

X Vo t Acl coswt
Vi dd Vo A O 1W Sin wt
ROSIC

a dd O Autooswt O
cosnot O e Put in Eq i
lo f A
BYHY

AngularSHM
P

Linear SHM AngularSHM

Fees Kk Ines CQ
SHMconst AngularSHMconst
Forceconst Torsionalconst
1 2M w Tmk 1 2 s W

K A sin wt
JE­M
AngAmplitude
O Oosinwt
Aw cos wt W JA W E Oowcoswt
a Aw'sin wt win off Wjof 02

dd z
X Gow'sin wt WH
DH W'M O
dt diff ed of O Oo radian
 near y
DH W'O o
dt diff eg of Ang SHM
Oscillations of simple Pendulum
O Tres Mgsino l
o
e Cmge Sino
e
RT if O very small
O m
O Eres Cmge Q x O
MI t.ro radial w
E ing MJ I me2 C
stable
Egm T 2tTJ

RA EE
2HJMmg

NOTE Time Period of Pendulum T 21T I

H J
depends on gravity hence in g

IS IIT
diff situations we can replace n Ao

g Jeff s 1 2
lift eg
get
MR
7 2
IT O
eg gta
U
H SF

Ao
r
ao Eg Smooth
e
ROSIC

gm ug
T 21T
ft
gsino
Jeff jg4ao as El
BYHY

eg
Pendulum is taken eg
P

n
aside and released 1
l If collisions are PE t 3h
l
then what is Period of 4 4
K oscillation 41141111
n
enC mmmm 44
s s O
m
7 si
riffraff what is Periodof small
oscillations
T
Oscillations of physical pendulum Tiff ttfg4 32151g

Foes Iigasienold
 0 mall
O di
ooh Zoo 0 d O
Ioo Icm114dL ie CMI
e
tis ng
ng
1 21T
Mgd
eg oo O ri
n
of y
D I
2 u an

MgL M R Ring MiR Ring Disc MiR

RA EE
7 21T MiB 7 21 22 1 217 13
Mg42
7
2M 2g

H J
IS IIT
21T
3g
NOTE
MR
we can also compare Time Period of a Physical Pendulum with
a simple Pendulum In such case we define equivalentlength
IT O
of simple Pendulum which will have identical Period
H SF

T
2lTfg
2tfg9­mIgd
ROSIC

let M
KjgtdMd let leg d
g g
k radius ofgyration
if we replace d Kal then leg about an axis passing
4
BYHY

Idk
through com
d 1 eeg
P

a Time Period will be

ius p same about point
on thesetwoany
circles
I i Ei
d
Ii in l
m eg noo Find
a MK
a Time Periodof small
31 oscillations about 00
7 21T 17144 12 4 a b we will get same Period
am I if the Rodsystem is
g 3.44
2M v
r
34Mt
suspendended about
T 21T more points
tool MzI M ME 17Mt
12
 Icon M 2M K2 K2 7 D 3
12
KID 734148 7

here 9 Lyfe 0.55L 77h­36

eg
OO
8 Fool ImgSino K
IO Lz KCAL
o
mm
K ML_ k 1 KL O X O
EEo KED

RA EE
Mog
C
to KLO too M 2
4 Mgm

H J
IS IIT
Mgl Rod 7 2K 10
C

RO
Eg 2k RO
MR
e En
0
room 4­
IT O
2K
Zeus KRO Rt KKR R
3KRYO X O
H SF

EEC
c
E
g mi F Disc M R I
MII T 21T 21T
ROSIC

K ro KRG g

eg mm MiR
BYHY

Cylinder
Thread does not slip wrt
Cylinder Find Time Periodof
Small oscillations
P

KN To To AtEgm
a
m Eqm
To kN my
i
Ko Now displace the mass m downward
K i ii nun by R
T
n 2 92
m na o
g
T ma i ng KGetko
r t
mg
Kutno T R M 2
Cii
qz
Add CD ii
 a KN k wk
KGetfo mlg a
m zm
7 2 2M 1M WZ
2k

Energy Method for calculating Time Period in SHM

step i consider the body at equilm position and write a balancing
Eqn among forces acting on body
Step Iii Now Displace the body by amplitude A let it oscillate
about mean position

Step iii write Expression for Total Energy E at general position K k

RA EE
step iv differentiate the Energy expression wrt time and make it
equal to zero as

H J
E const e
daff O ddtff.tw'k O

IS IIT
win MiR
Cylinder
At E9
At Q Yz
0 0
MR To Kx
mg
i
IT O
kno To To E
f MR f MII f KIN12632 mga
H SF

x
M 2V.dz
4
r
ko me EqMfu o ddE
t lzmkb.ddv
I f
KET iii nine fn5fo
k.aecn
tdf mg.dft
ROSIC

v
mtM dd Ken 14 mlg 0
BYHY

2Mt M DI 2KK O
dt2
k o
dd zt m
P

MR WZ
cylinder
eg I's
E cylinder is displaced slightly and
released Find Time Period of
mhm small oscillations

Guffenough
2 9112
a Kk fs ma lis
Kk Cfs R ii
mztd.az
fs a
 a Tm
T 21T
JIM
2K
WL

2K K
1 mmmm 4 cylinder is displaced slightly and
eg MR s released Find Time Period of
cylinder small oscillations
on
2 KK
buff rough a AIR
I a

2kt fs ma i sfs
2
KK FDR mzR gg ii

RA EE
4kk a se
T
Ziff

H J
3zM_a

IS IIT
wz
C
eg MR If sphere is slightly displaced
L released then find Time Period
12 1 nGPW of small oscillations
IT O
I L ayam
oafs
H SF

Maginot
at
e mgsino fs ma
f vmgcoso Cfs r 3 Mr Aq
Rough
ROSIC

cancaresurface a
CR Mgsino Isma Sggino
d a 5 since
Rs 7 Rr
BYHY

if O small
f zit 7 Rh
x 5g a Sg
P

7CR
co2

superposition of SHMS
I SHMS having same frequency
along same direction
y Aisin wt
yz A25in Cotto
Tres Y tyz A Sin wt t Azsin wt 14

yeas Ares Sin wt 10 where Ares Aft AI 12A Azcosof

 AZ lil clinic in tanor AzSino
ii res A Azcosof

10 for ref wt
a PhasorDiagram
we can also add amplitudes considering them as Phasors
Eg Find resultant of y Asin wt g yz AzSin wt Iz yz Ajsin cwt11T
and y wt 1321
AzSin
At

RA EE
3pA manic ice Ares
A14
g8 of ref wt

H J
31

IS IIT
v 4
A Ares 355A
MR I g
tend L
3 A sinful g
Tres
IT O
H SF

IT stems having same frequency

along L lines
K Aisin wt
ROSIC

y AzSin wt 14 I ki yj
a when of 0 or 1800
BYHY

k Aisin wt I AL
I Azsinwt g A2 hence resultant path is straight
line
my
P

hence it is SHM re Ext

Az
y Ares Aft Ai
Al a s n
i
A
L
ya
Az
neExt
01 00
b when 4 900
se Aisin wt
y Azcoswt FF 22
L
hence path of Particle
is elliptical
AIT
Motion is Periodic but
 A A K
r e
Az
In this case Path can be circular it A Az
c when 4 099091800
x Aisin wt
y AzSin otto Az sinnotcost coswtsing
i
y Az
g cost Ji II Sind

RA EE
Resultant motion is Periodic
along elliptical Path

H J
x

IS IIT
L
r
MR
II SAMs having different frequencies along same direction
IT O

Y A Sin wit
H SF

Asincoat A 25in
ye yes y tyz wizet cos wizwyt
Periodic but notSHM
ROSIC

eg find the frequencies involved in

yay 16 cost Sin 3 t

1641
924 Sinst
BYHY

Tees
8 it cos at Sin3t 85in 3t 88inst cost
85in3 4 sins t sint
P

a
Insist EEE n

Damped oscillations

of
sword
The swoon MMIensity
confependson
viscosity Bod Fees KH
ing
medium is
viscous n gagged t
of
shape d Iggy
force
Egm m kn b
 ÉÉ giftby off In O

diff eqh of damped

The solution of above diff ear is given oscillation
by sin w't 0
sagging
Vt where
Amp A Aoe r dampingcoeff Em
IUnit see i

and WE f Wo V2 Wo Natural freq of oscillation

E

RA EE
Int
W Dampedfreq of oscillation

H J
IS IIT
Undampedoscillation
Energy of oscill E
t
IM W'A
MR t
Impedosanation
E
tmw Ase
ne art
IT O
E Eoe
H SF

Forced oscillations
system oscillates in viscous medium its
when a
Natural freq changes to damped frequency of oscillation If we apply
ROSIC

another Periodic force then after a time the natural oscillation

long
die out and system oscillates with freq of driving force in steady
state
the of driving force
BYHY

Fres kn but fo cos wat

MIF t body Kk Foos Wat

P

diff eq of forced oscillations

The Sol of above diff eqh is
steady state
n A cos wat t p here Ao
M2 Wotwat t Wd bl
heretamp where
wk to no are velocity
and position at t 0
MOTE i If driving freq is very close to natural
Wd Wo Ao
Ao Fo ie
my large
tree
way
 n as condil I 2 on

Ii
wa
If damping is
very small
Wd be m Wo Wd
Ao Fo
M Wor wa

RA EE
4550 had Sec 21.2
W
JWo 82 Wo
NE JE

H J
W's Wo V Em 0.1 as Wo V
9142

IS IIT
Forget
MR 0.29secs
721g
IT O
Nt
Aoe Vt t 6.93secs
b A Aoe
Inf
H SF

08491

c E Nt Nt t
Ee EE Ee 02491 3.46secs
ROSIC
BYHY
P