Combinational Logic

Half-Subtractor
x y B D

0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 1

1 1 0 0

B = x’y

D = x xor y

Full-Subtractor
x y z B D

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1

0 1 0 1 1

0 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 0

1 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

B = yz + x’z + x’y 1 NOT, 3 AND, 2 OR – 6 GATES = yz + x’ (y+z) 1 NOT, 2

D = x xor y xor z
x /yz (B) 00 01 11 10

0 1 1 1

1 1
 x /yz (D) 00 01 11 10

0 1 1

1 1 1

CODE CONVERSION

It is sometimes necessary to use the output of one system as the input to another.

A conversion circuit must be inserted between the two systems if each uses different codes
for the same information.

Thus, a code converter is a circuit that makes the two systems compatible even though each
uses a different binary code.

BCD to excess-3 code conversion circuit :

1. System 1 🡪 BCD
Code conversion circuit
System 2🡪 Excess 3

2. No of inputs = 4
No of outputs = 4

3. Names of Inputs : a, b, c, d
Name of Outputs : w, x, y, z

4. Truth table
Inputs (BCD) Outputs(Excess 3)

a b c d w x y z

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

Don’t care inputs : 10,11,12,13,14,15

5. Find out equations for w,x,y and z in terms of a,b,c and d

For w
ab/ cd 00 01 11 10

00

01 1 1 1

11 x x x x

10 1 1 x x

w = a + b. d + b. c

= a + b . (c + d)

Please find equations for x, y and z. And draw the circuit using logic gates.

Excess 3 to BCD code conversion

Inputs : abcd

Outputs : pqrs
 Inputs (Excess 3) Outputs (BCD)

a b c d p q r s

0 0 0 0 x x x x

0 0 0 1 x x x x

0 0 1 0 x x x x

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

1 1 0 1 x x x x

1 1 1 0 x x x x

1 1 1 1 x x x x

Don’t care inputs = 0,1,2,13,14,15

p = ab + acd = a(b+cd)

q = b'c'+bcd+acd'

r = c xor d

s = d’

Binary to Gray code conversion circuit :

g2 = b1 xor b2

g3 = b2 xor b3

g4 = b3 xor b4