Activity Management

LAYOUT OF PLAY FIELDS

Maintenance Layout of play fields is an art, which all physical education teachers
must have. The utility, care and management of the play fields depend largely
upon the layout. Besides being attractive and appealing to the eyes, a good lay
out of the outdoor complex is an antidote to several financial, administrative,
engineering and disciplinary problems.
LAY-OUT OF OUTDOOR FACILITIES
The following are the general guidelines for planning of outdoor infrastructures
from the view point of functionally, utility, economy, technically, aesthetically,
care, maintenance, management, longevity etc.
Study of the area: The area considered for the development of sports
infrastructure must be thoroughly studied in terms of its topography, feasibility,
nature of soil, size of plot, shape of area, drainage, feasibility and appropriate
adjustment for the entire proposed sports infrastructure, scope for further
expansion etc. Rough drawings with several alternatives should be prepared
keeping in mind the aesthetic nature of facilities. The lay out drawings should be
discussed with all concerned individuals before finalizing the blue print of the
sports infrastructures. As far as possible suggestions or last minute changes
should not be entertained.
Irrigation and drainage system: Efficient provisions must be kept for
economical and efficient irrigation and drainage system before the play fields are
lay out. Adequate number of hydrants and drainage outlet should be provided.
The health and life on the open sports infrastructure greatly depend on the inlet-
outlet network for water.
Multipurpose use: Where space is limited, an efficient multiple use of the area
should be planned e.g. Football and Hockey fields can easily be accommodated
inside the standard track. To make multipurpose use portable goal posts shall be
required.
Direction of play fields: To avoid sun, all the play fields or courts are laid down
in NorthSouth direction. The kho-kho court is marked in East-West direction.
However, much depend upon the availability of open space, its shape and size
too.
Provision for kids : If space is available,at least 5000 square feet stretch, should
be earmarked as kids space, separated from the main play fields but nearest to the
institution building so as to be accessible to the elementary section of children. It
may accommodate a surface area, a turfed pitch, sandpit, swings, ladder, slides,
sea-saw, hanging and climbing structures etc. to provide a safe environment for
the kid’s playful nature.
Reference marking point: It is to be ensured that all important reference marking
points such as corners, mid-points, penalty spot, angle points, stagger point,
hurdle point etc. are permanently inlaid with bricks or small wooden boxes at
even level of the field. The reference points should be clearly visible and pose no
danger to the players while they play. The reference points facilitate in quick and
accurate marking.
Free circulation and safety spaces: Sufficient circulation as well a safety space
should be provided around each play field. Space should be provided for officials,
substitutes, spectators etc. As far as possible it should be conform to the standard
rules and regulations of the games and sports.
Standard dimensions and specifications: While lying out the play field standard
dimensions and specifications of play field and court for men and women must
be followed. Anything shorter than the standard dimension may be observed
when there is no other alternative.
Provision of enclosures: 8 to 10 feet high separate mesh wire enclosures should
be provided around small ball game court, lawn-tennis, volleyball and basketball,
so as to make the retrieval of balls speedy and to avoid interference in the
proceeding of other game.
Provision of seating step: Provide seating steps on a suitable side of the play
field for students and other spectators to watch the competition comfortably.
Provision of service area: When out sports facilities are spread over several acres
service areas like shelter from sun and rain, store, drinking water points,
lavatories etc. should be provided at convenient points. This is very important for
maintaining discipline among players and spectators, and keeping surroundings
clean and hygienic.
Provision for physical challenged, visually impaired, slow learners: The
consideration should be given to accommodate the special category of spectators
and participants like physically challenged, visually impaired and slow learner.
Special attention is needed for compatible passage to the facilities, seating
arrangement and service area.
Economical approach: Planning of sports infrastructure should be done in such
a manner that their construction, care, maintenance, upkeep, renovation etc.
should be as economical as possible without compromising on the quality. In
other words over ambitious plan certainly will lead to white elephant structure
that may not be feasible to maintain in future from the finances point of view.

PRINCIPLE FOR THE LOCATION

When sites for educational institution are being considered, the areas to be used
for play fields should be analysed from the stand point of suitability. Such
consideration as drainage, surface water conditions, need for filling or excavation
should be reviewed. As far as the location of sports infrastructures is concerned
it should be preferably within the boundary walls of the institution at a walking
distance. They should neither be laid across the road and close to the polluted
surroundings, open drains, garbage dumps, and factory discharging smoke and
chemical and noisy railway yards. The building of the institution and sports fields
should be of adequate distance to minimize the disturbance by either side. Low
lying, accident and health hazard prone areas are least suitable to choose for sports
infrastructure.
All the facilities of physical education should be near the school. The following
are the advantages:
1. Proper planning of physical education can be done.
2. Students can be encouraged to take part in the activity of physical education.
3. They remain the facilitators in the establishment of discipline.
4. Time consumption is saved.
5. The maintenance of facility becomes easy.
6. All the facilities become systematic.
7. Students can use them for entertainment during long recesses.
8. There is no hindrance in the theory classes.
9. It helps in the safety of students.
10. Control can easily be done on the students.
11. The mind becomes interested and attracted by the natural beauty

RECOMMENDED AREA
Sufficient outdoor activity areas are needed to accommodate service classes.
Intramurals, extramural, recreation etc. for all the students, The number of
outdoor teachings stations will be determined by the number of students in the
institution and their age group and gender, the number of required periods per
week, the estimate number of students who will use outdoor facilities in the
morning, day time and in the evening etc., during the academic session and the
utility of facilities during vacations. The number of player field needed for
intramurals, recreational sports, and inter- collegiate or interscholastic sports will
be determined by the students strength in the institution and the scope of the
physical education required, elective, or optional programme.
To establish the different facilities of physical education, there should be so much
area which is sufficient for the following activities.
1. There should be separate area for independent games for students.
2. There should be separate area for students to play mind games.
3. There should be area for students assembly.
4. There should be sufficient area for athletics.
5. Area for gymnasium.
6. Area for swimming pool.
7. Separate area for cricket pitch, jumping pits and throws.
8. Separate area for girls to play independent games in co-education institutions.
Different great thinkers have said different things about the facilities of physical
education. To establish the facilities of physical education the description of area
is essentially based on the following aspect.
1. Types of educational institution.
2. Number of students.
3. Age group of students.
4. Physical activities included in the syllabus.
5. Interest of students in sports.
The following is the description of facilities: According to H.C. Buck:
 Kindergarten 150sq.feet per students
 Primary school 250sq. Feet per student
 Middle school 400sq. Feet per student
 High school 1000sq. Feet per
 student College 2500sq. Feet per student
According to Dr. William and Dr. Nash, it is difficult to consider on the basis of
square feet for each student. Hence according to Buck the following facilities of
games are essential for school.
 Primary school 5 acres
 Middle school 7 acres
 High school 12 acres
 Colleges 12 acres or more
If the above mentioned areas are not available then the following minimum area
are essential.
 Primary 1.2 acres
 Middle school 3.4 acres
 High school 5.7 acres
 Colleges 10-12 acres
Present opinion of the central advisory committee:
 Primary school 100 to 120 sq. Feet per student
 High school 250 to 500 sq. Feet per
 students College 500 to 1000sq. Feet per students
Gymnasium - Construction
In sports management, the construction and management of gymnasiums (or
sports halls) is an important aspect, especially for ensuring high-quality
facilities that meet the needs of athletes, coaches, and the community. Below
is an outline of key points for gymnasium construction in sports
management:
 Purpose and Use
Multi-purpose: Designed for sports like basketball, volleyball,
badminton, etc.
Community Use: Accommodates athletes, schools, training, and
recreation.
 Site Selection & Location
Accessibility: Easily accessible with public transport and parking.
Safety & Environment: Safe, well-ventilated, with natural lighting,
emergency exits, and first aid.
 Design Considerations
Size & Space: Meet standard dimensions for different sports, with
space for spectators.
Flexible Layout: Movable partitions for different activities.
Lighting & Acoustics: High-quality lighting and sound optimization
for events.
 Equipment & Facilities
Sport-specific: Includes hoops, nets, scoreboards, etc.
Storage & Locker Rooms: Adequate storage, changing rooms,
showers.
Technology: Wi-Fi, video analysis, and sound systems for events.
 Sustainability
Energy Efficiency: Use energy-efficient systems.
Water Conservation: Install water-saving plumbing.
Sustainable Materials: Eco-friendly construction materials.
 Safety & Compliance
Codes & Regulations: Compliance with building codes, fire safety,
ADA accessibility.
Emergency Equipment: Fire extinguishers, smoke detectors, and
exits.
 Cost & Budgeting
 Initial Investment: Budget for land, construction, and materials.
Maintenance: Plan for long-term maintenance and operational costs.
Sponsorship: Secure partnerships or sponsorships for funding.
 Legal & Ethical Considerations
Contracts: Ensure clear, legally binding agreements.
Health & Safety: Protect workers and facility users.
 Operational Management
Scheduling: Manage usage for programs and events.
Staffing: Hire facility managers and staff.
Revenue Generation: Rent out for events to support maintenance.

The construction of a gymnasium involves various stages of planning,

designing, and execution to create a facility suitable for indoor sports and other
activities. Here’s a breakdown of the key phases and considerations involved
in gymnasium construction:
1. Planning and Feasibility Study
 Needs Assessment: Determine the primary purpose of the gymnasium.
Will it be used for school sports, community events, professional athletic
training, or multi-purpose use?
 Budgeting: Establish a clear budget, considering land acquisition,
construction costs, equipment, utilities, and long-term maintenance.
 Site Selection: Choose a location with accessibility, sufficient space for the
building, and parking. Consider nearby infrastructure and environmental
impact.
2. Design Phase
 Architectural Design: An architect drafts the design based on the intended
use. This includes the overall layout, seating, locker rooms, restrooms, and
entry/exit points.
o Size: The dimensions of the gymnasium should meet the standard
regulations for different sports.
 o Ceiling Height: High ceilings are required for activities like
basketball, volleyball, or gymnastics.
 Structural Design: The structure must support large open spaces without
interior columns that obstruct the playing field.
o Materials: Consider using durable materials for floors (wood or
synthetic), walls, and roofing that can withstand heavy usage.
 Environmental and Safety Considerations:
o Ventilation: Proper air circulation and ventilation systems are
necessary to maintain indoor air quality.
o Lighting: Include natural and artificial lighting systems suitable for
sports activities.
o Acoustic Treatment: Incorporate design features to minimize noise
and echoes during events.
 Sustainability: Use energy-efficient materials and systems, such as LED
lighting, eco-friendly flooring, and renewable energy sources (solar
panels).
3. Regulations and Compliance
 Building Codes: Ensure the design complies with local and national
building codes, including structural integrity, fire safety, and accessibility
standards.
 ADA Compliance: Gymnasiums must accommodate people with
disabilities, ensuring ramps, seating, and restroom facilities are accessible.
4. Construction Phase
 Site Preparation:
o Clear the land and prepare the site for construction. This includes
grading, laying foundations, and ensuring proper drainage.
 Foundation and Structure:
o Foundation: Lay a solid foundation that can support the gym’s
structure, particularly important for large-span buildings.
o Framing and Roofing: Install steel or reinforced concrete framing,
with a focus on creating a large, open interior space. The roof should
be durable, often made of metal or composite materials.
 Utilities Installation:
o Electrical: Install wiring for lighting, scoreboards, sound systems,
and other electrical needs.
o Plumbing: Set up plumbing for restrooms, showers, and drinking
fountains.
o HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning): Ensure
efficient climate control systems are installed, considering the large
size of the space.
 Flooring Installation:
o Sports Flooring: Wooden floors are typically used for basketball
and volleyball courts due to their durability and shock absorption.
Synthetic flooring might be used for multi-sport facilities.
 Seating and Spectator Areas:
o Install bleachers or other seating arrangements based on the
expected capacity.
 Internal Facilities:
o Set up locker rooms, offices for staff, meeting rooms, and other
required internal facilities.
5. Interior Finishing
 Paint and Finishing: Apply durable paint and finishes to the walls and
surfaces.
 Safety Padding: Install safety padding around walls and equipment areas
to protect athletes.
 Sports Equipment: Install sport-specific equipment, such as basketball
hoops, volleyball nets, and gymnastic apparatus, ensuring they meet the
standards for competition and training.
 Sound Systems: If needed, install sound systems for events and
announcements.
6. Final Inspections and Certification
 Building Inspections: The gymnasium must pass various inspections to
ensure it meets all safety, structural, and regulatory standards.
  Certification: After passing inspections, the gymnasium receives the
necessary certifications to open for public or private use.
7. Post-Construction Setup
 Signage and Branding: Install necessary signage, including emergency
exits, wayfinding, and facility rules.
 Technology Integration: Set up scoreboards, time clocks, video recording
systems for coaching, and any necessary Wi-Fi or networking technology.
 Furnishing: Equip locker rooms, lounges, and offices with necessary
furniture and equipment.
8. Operations and Maintenance
 Staffing: Hire operational staff, including maintenance, management, and
security personnel.
 Maintenance Plan: Establish regular maintenance schedules for the
flooring, lighting, HVAC, and plumbing systems.
 Sustainability Efforts: Monitor energy consumption and adjust operations
to reduce the environmental footprint.
9. Grand Opening and Marketing
 Once construction is complete, plan an opening event or promotion to
introduce the facility to the community or athletes.
10. Long-term Use and Upgrades
 Facility Management: Regular monitoring of the facility's use to ensure it
remains in good condition and meets user needs.
 Future Expansions: Plan for potential expansions or upgrades as demand
grows.
Swimming Pool Construction, Allied Facilities, and Maintenance: Key
Points
1. Construction of Swimming Pool
 Planning and Design:
o Define the pool’s purpose (recreational, competitive, or training).
o Choose pool size (standard for competitive swimming: 25m or 50m)
and shape based on use.
  Site Selection:
o Flat ground, stable soil, and proper drainage system.
o Accessibility for users and service personnel.
 Materials:
o Use reinforced concrete or fiberglass, with tiling for aesthetics and
durability.
 Water Systems:
o Install filtration, heating, and water circulation systems for clean and
safe water.
 Safety:
o Depth markers, ladders, handrails, and non-slip flooring.
o Emergency safety features like life rings and first aid stations.
2. Allied Facilities
 Changing Rooms and Showers:
o Separate male and female facilities, equipped with showers, toilets,
and lockers.
 Deck and Seating:
o Sufficient deck space for users, seating for spectators during events.
 Lighting and Ventilation:
o Indoor pools require adequate lighting and ventilation systems to
prevent moisture buildup.
 Chemical Storage:
o Dedicated storage space for pool chemicals (chlorine, pH adjusters)
with proper safety protocols.
 Equipment Room:
o Space for pumps, filtration systems, and heating equipment.
3. Care and Maintenance
 Water Quality:
 o Regular monitoring and adjustment of pH levels (7.2–7.8) and
chlorine content.
o Weekly or bi-weekly shock treatments to eliminate bacteria and
algae.
 Filtration System:
o Clean filters regularly to maintain water circulation and quality.
o Backwash the system when pressure rises, typically once a week.
 Cleaning:
o Vacuum the pool floor regularly, brush walls, and skim the surface
for debris.
o Clean the pool deck, changing rooms, and equipment areas daily.
 Structural Maintenance:
o Inspect for cracks, leaks, or tile damage, and perform repairs as
necessary.
 Heating and Energy Use:
o Regularly service heating systems, optimize temperature settings to
save energy.
 Safety and Compliance:
o Maintain safety equipment, update signage, and ensure compliance
with local safety regulations.
o Ensure pool areas are well-lit and have proper ventilation to reduce
humidity levels.
4. Seasonal and Long-term Maintenance
 Winterization (if outdoors):
o Drain some water, cover the pool, and protect equipment from
freezing temperatures.
 Off-season Maintenance:
o Even when not in use, check water levels, prevent debris buildup,
and service the filtration system.
 Upgrades:
 o Consider technology updates like automated cleaning systems or
energy-efficient heating solutions.
Equipment Management
Sports equipment management relates to organizing, monitoring and reporting
on any equipment used by sports facilities. Sports facilities can include
training centres, gymnasiums, stadiums, sports federations, and even
universities. They can host several activities, tournaments, and training
sessions.
Types of Equipment
1. Consumable equipment
The consumable items are supplies that are subject to quick wear and tear
through use and are replaced instantly or at frequent intervals. This includes
shuttle cock, T.T balls, nets, bats, lawn tennis balls, sticks, footballs, hockey
balls, volleyballs, cricket balls, aquatics equipment etc. The life span of
supplies is largely dependent upon their own quantity, the manner in which
they are handled, the weather and atmospheric conditions under which they
are used and the level of training and/or competition at which they are tested
for durability and strength.
2. Non-consumable (semi-consumable) or permanent equipment
Non-consumable or permanent equipments including goals posts(football,
hockey, handball) uprights, hurdles, basketball poles, net ball poles, lawn
tennis poles, gymnastics apparatus and equipments, strength training
equipments etc. Such equipment when damaged wholly or partially may be
put to use again after minor repairs. Keeping the equipment in excellent
working condition requires constant checking, dusting, and cleansing,
maintaining and immediate repairing.
Purchase procedure
1. Once finalized the equipment requisition should be put up for sanction to
the competent authority who may reject or modify the requisition.
2. Purchase of equipment up to Rs.500/- may be made direct without calling
quotations.
3. All bulk purchases, usually above Rs.5000/- have to be effected by a
committee duly constituted for this purpose preferably at the beginning of the
year.
4. According to rules, the purchase should be made on the lowest bid basis for
the same or similar type of item.
5. In bulk purchases, the purchase committee should inspect each article
thoroughly and select the best considering the brand, quality and price.
6. After the selection process is over the Physical Education teacher shall
prepare the supply order, get it approved by the head and dispatch to concerned
firm for execution of the supply within the given period.
7. When the equipment is received it should be thoroughly checked for
quantity, quality and condition, and must be compared with the sample
retained, then entered in the stock resister at respective place. While making
entry in the entry resister, the name of the fund/ grant out of which payment
will be made must be mentioned, may be in the remarks column or otherwise
as reference for future. This will enable the department at the time of
condemnation of equipment. Otherwise separate resister for making
purchase/s out of students’ funds and grants must be maintained.
8. Purchase of goods by purchase committee: purchase of equipment’s costing
above Rs.15000/- ( Rupees fifteen thousand only)and up to Rs.1,00,000/-
(Rupees one lakhs only) may be made on the recommendation of a duly
constituted local purchase committee consisting of three members of an
appropriate level as decided by the head of the department. The committee
will survey the market to ascertain the reasonableness of rates quality and
specification and identity the appropriate supplier. Before recommending
placement of the purchase order, the members of the committee will jointly
record a certificate as under: “ certified that we …………… members of the
purchase committee are jointly and individually satisfied that the goods
recommended for purchase are of the requisite specification and quality,
priced at the prevailing market rate and the supplier recommended is reliable
and competent to supply the goods in question”.
9. In case, there is a delay in supply of the material on the part of the firm. It
must be reminded again regarding the consequences for inordinate delay
mentioned in the terms and conditions of the bid as well as supply order.
10. Quotations or tenders (limited and open tenders) depends on the bulk of
purchase and total amount involved, it is a quite an elaborated as well as
exhaustive procedure of purchase. No doubt, it involves lengthy process and
procedure, but the satisfactory part is that one gets desired item at very
competitive rates. The firm can be directed to dis play their product for
selection along with financial bid. Samples can be selected and retained to
compare with the supply to be made by bid winner.

FIXTURE AND HANDLING OF EQUIPMENTS

The equipment of physical education should be kept according to the list and
fixed plains. If they are kept properly then we do not have to waste time in
searching for them. While handling the following things should be kept in
mind.
1. To keep the physical education equipments in the institution, there should
be a separate room that is a store room.
2. To keep the equipment there should be proper almirahs, racks and boxes.
3. There should be different place for different equipments.
4. Value and glass articles should be kept in the almirahs and boxes.
5. Wood, iron, rubber, and synthetic fibre glass equipments should be kept
separately.
6. Every equipment should be stamped with the institutes seal.
7. The room in which the equipments are kept should be dry. There should not
be any dampness in that room.
8. The room should not have white ant or rats.
9. Insecticides should be used in the room.
10. The equipment should be kept safe from mud and dust.
11. The equipment should be kept safe from the sun.
12. Volleyball, basketball, handball and football should not be filled with air
all the time.
13. The rubber equipments should be kept safe from the sun.
14. The uniform should be kept clean.
15. After using the equipments, it should be kept safely in the polythene bags.
16. If the equipment gets wet it should be dried.

PERIODICAL STOCK CHECKING

The receiving and stock takings are as important and serious functions as
purchase and procurement of materials, equipments and supplies. The topic is
discussed under two sub heads:
a) Receiving supplies.
b) Stock –taking (making entries of newly purchase material in the stock
register )

Receiving Supplies: The supplies of new materials and equipments should be

received with utmost care and caution. To begin with, the articles should be
counted to match the requirements as per the supply order, and then evaluated
for specifications, quality, trademark, originality, and genuineness – through
comparisons with the sample(s) retained. This is very important step to check
the cunning and cleaver suppliers who show something and supply something
else with the sole purpose of earning huge profits. One must be vigilant to
guard against such cheap business trick and tactics. There are several ways to
check the equipment for quality and standard, such as :
1. Indian standard institute (ISI) marked equipments generally would not
require any testing.
2. In case of newly introduced brand of article/equipment, the bulk purchase
may be restricted to a few of its pieces until have been practically tested for
quality, e.g. hockey sticks, cricket bats, bamboo javelins etc. the coaches and
senior players may be involved in the testing procedure.
3. Brand used in the past may also not require any testing.
4. Authentication of official use of the material in a standard national or
international championships many dealers and manufactures use the tag or
label “Approved” and “Official “ for certain products ( Basketball, Football
etc ) which means , the said equipment meets all official specification ( weight,
shape, colour , design, dimensions etc ) and certified for official use of certain
standard championship only.
5. Specialists /experts/technicians may be requested to test- check at random
important items in full or parts for quality and specification, e.g. local made
furniture, refrigerators, air conditioners, treadmills, jumping pit and apparatus
etc.
6. The supplier is then given a receipt of equipment receiving as per the supply
order