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    Architecture of 8086

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    mahimadec2000

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Architecture of 8086

    Uploaded by

    mahimadec2000
    1 views11 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views11 pages

    Architecture of 8086

    Uploaded by

    mahimadec2000

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Block diagram of 8086

    1
    Software Model of the 8086 Microprocessors

    2
    8086 Registers
    General Purpose Index
    AH AL
    BP
    AX

    SP
    BH BL
    BX
    SI

    CH CL
    DI
    CX

    DH DL
    DX Segment

    CS

    Status and Control SS

    Flags DS

    IP ES

    3
    General Purpose Registers

    AX - the Accumulator
    BX - the Base Register
    CX - the Count Register
    DX - the Data Register

    • Normally used for storing temporary results


    • Each of the registers is 16 bits wide (AX, BX, CX, DX)
    • Can be accessed as either 16 or 8 bits AX, AH, AL
    4
    General Purpose Registers
    • AX
    – Accumulator Register
    – Preferred register to use in arithmetic, logic and data
    transfer instructions because it generates the shortest
    Machine Language Code
    – Must be used in multiplication and division
    operations
    – Must also be used in I/O operations

    • BX
    – Base Register
    – Also serves as an address register

    5
    General Purpose Registers
    • CX
    – Count register
    – Used as a loop counter
    – Used in shift and rotate operations

    • DX
    – Data register
    – Used in multiplication and division
    – Also used in I/O operations

    6
    Pointer and Index Registers

    • All 16 bits wide, L/H bytes are not accessible

    • Used as memory pointers


    – Example: MOV AH, [SI]
    • Move the byte stored in memory location whose address is contained in
    register SI to register AH

    • IP is not under direct control of the programmer


    7
    Flag Register

    Overflow Carry
    Direction Parity

    Interrupt enable Auxiliary Carry


    Trap Zero
    6 are status flags
    Sign
    3 are control flag
    8
    8086 Programmer’s Model
    ES Extra Segment
    CS Code Segment
    BIU registers
    (20 bit adder) SS Stack Segment
    DS Data Segment
    IP Instruction Pointer

    EU registers AX AH AL Accumulator
    BX BH BL Base Register
    CX CH CL Count Register
    DX DH DL Data Register
    SP Stack Pointer
    BP Base Pointer
    SI Source Index Register
    DI Destination Index Register
    FLAGS

    9
    The Stack
    • The stack is used for temporary storage of information
    such as data or addresses.

    • When a CALL is executed, the 8086 automatically PUSHes


    the current value of CS and IP onto the stack.

    • Other registers can also be pushed

    • Before return from the subroutine, POP instructions can


    be used to pop values back from the stack into the
    corresponding registers.

    10
    The Stack

    11

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